Distributed ledger technology in supply chains: a transaction cost perspective

With the emergence of distributed ledger technology (DLT), numerous practitioners and researchers have proclaimed its beneficial impact on supply chain transactions in the future. However, the vast majority of DLT initiatives are discontinued after a short period. With the full potential of DLT laying far down the road, especially managers in supply chain management (SCM) seek for short-term cost-saving effects of DLT in order to achieve long-term benefits of DLT in the future. However, the extant research has bypassed grounding long-term as well as short-term effects of DLT on supply chain transaction with empirical data. We address this shortcoming, following an abductive research approach and combining empirical data from a multiple case study design with the corresponding literature. Our study reveals that the effects of DLT on supply chain transactions are two-sided. We found six effects of DLT solutions that have a cost-reducing or cost avoidance impact on supply chain transactions. In addition, we found two effects that change the power distribution between buyers and suppliers in transactions and a single effect that reduces the dependency of supply chain transactions on third parties. While cost-reducing and avoidance as well as dependency-reducing effects are positive effects, the change in power distribution might come with disadvantages. With these findings, the paper provides the first empirical evidence of the impact of DLT on supply chain transactions, which will enable managers to improve their assessment of DLT usage in supply chains.     

基于Agent的信任的情感劝说决策模型

基于智能体(Agent)的信任的情感劝说能更好地发挥Agent的各项人工智能优势。针对其中决策模型建立不够的现状,首先基于Agent的自身性格、情感衰减及外界刺激,运用大五性格、OCC情感模型及情感强度第一定律等,构建了相应的情感强度算法;其次考虑交易质量对信任的反馈,综合运用语言评价法、三角模糊数及将模糊数转换为具体分数(CFCS)算法,对Agent的交易质量进行模糊化和去模糊化处理,构建了相应的交易质量算法;再次对已有的信任更新因子进行改进后,构建了Agent的信任更新算法;最后在构建以上算法的基础上,采用交互式多准则决策(TODIM)法建立了基于Agent的信任的情感劝说决策模型,并采用熵权法对模型中的属性权重进行设定。为验证以上研究的合理性和有效性,设计了相应算例进行阐述,分析了不同参数取不同值得到的决策结果,并与相关研究进行了比较分析,得出了相应结论和管理启示,进一步归纳了不足之处和未来研究方向。     

农村工业化地区的城市更新:从破碎到整合——以佛山市南海区为例

空间破碎是农村工业化地区实施城市更新的主要制约,如何整合是重要的实践和学术课题。本文以“问题-对策”为分析框架,以佛山市南海区为例,从广度层面揭示出三类空间破碎及其对改造的约束机理和现有改造的整合特征,并通过深度的案例比较探究空间整合的关键所在。研究发现:物质和权属的空间破碎是该类地区的典型特征,改造又衍生出政策空间破碎;破碎增加交易成本,阻碍用地整合;现实中的整合改造是少数;在市场资本的驱动下,政府推动整合的效果显著。以“交易中间人”的角色统筹改造彰显出政府降低交易成本以协同市场的职能回归。     

Transport in regional science: The “death of distance” is premature

Transport costs have always been an important dimension in regional science. It is therefore remarkable that regional science and transport economics have developed in a rather unconnected way. Although being distinct, the routes of the two were parallel, and there are signs that the two fields will get closer to each other. This paper further discusses long run trends in transport costs and the potential spatial consequences. The main conclusion is that although in terms of money and time, the performance of transport has improved enormously, many economic activities have not become footloose to the extent as expressed by the notion of death of distance. One of the reasons discussed is the role of transaction costs, some being clearly related with distance.JEL Classification: R0, R4The authors thank the guest-editors and an anonymous referee for helpful comments.     

菲律宾电力市场浅析及对中国的启示

简要介绍了菲律宾电力市场改革的历程。重点介绍了菲律宾电力市场的市场构成、交易机制和市场运行流程,并对其调度和交易分离的现货市场运行经验进行了分析。同时阐述了菲律宾电力市场的全电量竞价、净额结算,节点边际电价,计划中的辅助服务市场和能量市场联合优化一体化出清,以及双结算体系的特点。最后从市场注册、交易组织、交易执行、交易结算、信息披露、技术支持系统建设等方面给出了对中国的启示。     

计及可靠性的跨地区交易统一输电定价模型

结合中国跨地区输电交易、电力体制及价格政策环境,构造了输电系统可靠性影响的评估指标,建立了计及可靠性的跨地区交易统一输电定价模型。该模型包括二层结构:一是深入分析输电成本,提出了长期边际输电可靠性成本的计算方法,基于电网使用程度和长期边际输电可靠性成本,构建了计及可靠性的用户输电定价模型;二是综合考虑输电线路的投资及可靠性贡献,建立了电网运营商输电收益分配模型,构造并引入了过度投资惩罚基金的经济激励模型。该模型采用统一定价机制,克服了多级叠加和点费率定价不能清晰反映跨区域交易对电网的使用份额的不足,定价公平,结算简单透明;可靠性分量的引入能够为市场成员提供输电阻塞的经济信号,有效引导输电投资和使用。IEEE 57节点算例验证了其有效性与合理性。     

新一代本币交易系统的综合性能测试实践

为测试多市场金融交易平台的性能,提出一种基于LoadRunner测试平台的综合性能测方法,通过搭建模拟测试环境和软件模拟大批量在线并发用户等方法,严格按照性能测试实施流程,实现了对交易平台的系统容量、系统处理能力、客户端响应时间、系统可靠性和安全性等指标的测试,取得了较好的验证和评估效果。     

省间交易合约转让（置换）交易机制研究

合约转让与置换交易作为是一种电力金融交易模式,可以为市场主体提供更灵活的交易模式,有效应对电力供需波动带来的市场风险,对中长期物理交易合约形成有益的补充。本文在对西电东送电源结构特点和框架协议执行情况总结的基础上,对西电东送合约转让与置换交易的必要性和可行性进行了论证,提出了基于不同电力供需形势的三种交易模型,进行了算例验证,并对具体交易组织和实施方案提出了设想,对开展相关工作具有一定指导意义。     

我国建筑石料用灰岩采矿权成交价变化分析

砂石资源采矿权出让收益是地方财政收入的重要来源。近年来,砂石资源供应紧张价格大幅上涨的背景下,本文以典型的砂石资源建筑石料用灰岩为例,分析了全国及部分典型省份建筑石料用灰岩采矿权成交价的变化特征,主要结论是2011～2018年我国建筑石料用灰岩采矿权平均成交单价与砂石市场供应价格均呈上升趋势但前者涨幅远高于后者,并且采矿权成交单价的区间分布结构年度变化差异也较大,不同区域平均成交单价年度变化规律分异明显,贵州、甘肃两省采矿权成交单价相对较低且变化幅度相对较小,山西、吉林、湖北、广西4省采矿权成交单价相对较高且变化幅度相对较大。最后,从平抑砂石价格过快上涨、加强矿业权市场建设、促进砂石资源区域供需平衡、维护良好砂石市场价格秩序的角度提出了有关政策建议。     

Performance comparisons of index‐based communication‐induced checkpointing protocols

Abstract

Communication‐induced checkpointing (CIC) protocols can be used to prevent the domino effect. Such protocols that belong to the index‐based category have been shown to perform more efficiently. In this paper, some results of comparing index‐based CIC protocols are proposed. First, we prove that comparing several protocols based on the lazy indexing strategy can be simply based on their checkpoint‐inducing conditions. Next, we show that improved indexing strategies may not always yield a better performance than the classical strategy. Finally, we present a simulation study to verify our foregoing theoretical results. The simulation is conducted in the typical point‐to‐point computational environment. Influences of enhancements on indexing strategies and checkpoint‐inducing conditions for index‐based CIC protocols are discussed.