MEG钻井液在吐哈油田小井眼侧钻井中的应用

吐哈油田小井眼开窗侧钻井主要采用混原油钻井液,不利于环境保护。从研究MEG单体的作用机理入手,以钻井液润滑性、抑制防塌性为主要评价指标,对MEG钻井液配方进行了优选,并对优选配方钻井液性能进行了评价。该钻井液在4口小井眼开窗侧钻井进行了试验应用。结果表明:应用井无阻、卡现象,平均钻井周期缩短了7.2d;在未混原油的情况下钻井液润滑系数比乳化原油(15%~20%)钻井液降低了34.6%;油层保护效果好,其中温5-41C井日产油14.4t,同比温五区块平均产量提高了128.4%,神218C井是神229区块目前唯一的自喷井。表明优选出的MEG钻井液具有优良的润滑性、抑制防塌性及良好的储层保护效果,特别适合强水敏地层及大斜度井和水平井等特殊复杂工艺井的钻进。     

低密度微泡沫压井液的研究与应用

吐哈油田部分区块地层压力系数小于0.9,常规水基压井液对储层伤害大,若使用油基压井液成本高,环境污染严重。通过实验优选出了一种低密度水基微泡沫压井液。该压井液具有密度低、泡沫强度高、稳定性好、携砂能力强等优点。现场应用表明,低密度微泡沫压井液稳定时间大于48 h,密度在0.70~0.99 g/cm3之间可调,抗油污染能力强,抗油大于8%,抗温在100℃以上,岩心污染后渗透率恢复值大于80%;并且施工方便,成本低,具有储层保护能力,使用微泡沫压井液的井表皮系数在0.20~2.34之间。     

Current Status and Trend of Internet and E-Commerce Market in Korea

After the remarkable increase of Internet users and broadband Internet subscribers at the end of the 20th century, the size of Korean Internet and e-commerce market steadily increased but the growth rate has been either stagnant or decreased. Trends of Korean Internet and e-commerce market are summarized in this paper the trends on Internet usage are introduced. Trends of online games, blogs and wireless Internet are introduced. The trends of Korean Internet market may have implications for China and Japan.     

The concept of directional binding energy and analysis of the phenomena involving surface and grain boundary: Part I Theory

The concept of directional binding energy (DBE) is proposed to describe the binding energy of the crystal and the ideal direction of the antiaction force against the surface tension, which derives the grain-boundary energy and also energy ratio (γ_gb/γ_s). It may provide a simple and lucid way to analyse the surface energy, grain-boundary energy and energy ratio from the correlative view point. It has been found that the grain-boundary energy can be derived only from the conceptual approach of DBE, irrespective of the dislocation model, which also makes it possible to determine the energy ratio with the misorientation angle. That is, the energy ratio (γ_gb/γ_s) is proportional to the misorientation angle, 2 sin (k′θ/2) where k′ is a constant and θ is the misorientation angle. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

红外碳硫仪中绘图软件及其应用

介绍了LECO CS-444红外碳硫仪微机操作系统中绘图软件,分析了不正常碳(硫)释放曲线产生原因并制定了解决办法,举例说明碳(硫)含量平均值控制图、碳(硫)含量值控制图的使用方法.     

Application of Laminated Edible Films to Potato Chip Packaging

The effects of various stearic-palmitic acid blend concentrations in films, storage temperatures and storage times on potato chip quality were evaluated using Response Surface Methodology. Storage temperature and time affected the quality of potato chips. The maximum storage times for acceptable potato chip quality were: 30 to 43 days, 23 to 25 days, and 11 to 12 days for storage temperatures of 15, 25 and 35°C, respectively. Results were independent of stearic-palmitic acid blend concentrations.     

丙烯酸酯橡胶耐有机溶剂及耐油性的研究

采用平衡溶胀法测定了日本瑞翁公司生产的活氯型丙烯酸酯橡胶(AR840)在24种不同有机溶剂中的溶胀行为,得到了AR840的一维溶解度参数值,其范围在18~23(MPa)^1/2之间。进一步用汉森三维溶解度参数软件(HSPiP)对溶胀数据进行分析研究,得到AR840三维溶解度参数值,色散分量(δ_d)、极性分量(δ_p)和氢键分量(δ_h)分别为18.20、8.70、3.60(MPa)^1/2。结果表明,AR840与24种溶剂存在着能量差(R_a),AR840与溶剂的溶胀比随着它们之间的Ra值的变化呈现反“S”型曲线,借助Ra的大小可以表征AR840在有机溶剂中的溶胀特性,能相对准确地表征丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)耐有机溶剂及耐油性能,对耐有机溶剂及耐油ACM的配方设计有一定的指导意义。     

玉米秸秆生物法制取酒精的中间试验

建立了玉米秸秆采用蒸汽爆破预处理、纤维素酶水解和戊糖己糖同步发酵技术制取酒精的中间试验装置。玉米秸秆在1.6～2.0 MPa条件下蒸汽爆破预处理,在提高玉米秸秆对纤维素酶可及度的同时,玉米秸秆中纤维素、木聚糖和木质素损失分别为4.08%、40.02%和9.91%。里氏木霉以10%的原料制备纤维素酶,并用于降解剩余的90%的原料,滤纸酶活力和纤维素酶水解得率分别为2.27 FPIU/mL和71.3%。初始还原物浓度为43.65 g/L的水解糖液经树干毕赤酵母发酵16 h,还原物利用率和酒精得率分别为87.17%和0.43 g/g(酒精/消耗的糖)。     

凝胶过滤色谱法研究酶解过程中木聚糖分子结构的变化

采用凝胶过滤色谱法研究了木聚糖在酶解过程中分子量分布的变化。结果表明,木聚糖酶对高分子量组分的木聚糖的降解能力较差,而主要降解分子量介于15000～3000之间组分的木聚糖,使得这部分木聚糖变为分子量更低的木聚糖组分。随着酶解时间的延长,酶解得率上升,酶解产物中低聚木糖含量增多,未被酶解的木聚糖的平均聚合度上升,当酶解时间超过4h时,这种变化趋势缓慢。随着酶解轮次的增加,酶解产物中可溶性木聚糖的含量越来越少,木聚糖被降解的难度越来越大。在实际生产中,用来作为低聚木糖生产的木聚糖其聚合度应在20～100之间,酶解时间以4h为宜,重复利用未水解木聚糖的轮次以2轮为宜。