离子液介质中生物催化与生物转化的研究进展

Ionic liquids have negligibly low vapor pressure, high stability and polarity. They are regarded as green solvents. Enzymes, especially lipases, as well as whole-cell of microbe, are catalytically active in ionic liquids or aqueous-ionic liquid biphasic systems. Up to date, there have been many reports on enzyme-exhibited features and enzyme-mediated reactions in ionic liquids. In many cases, remarkable results with respect to yield, catalytic activity, stability and (enantio-, regio-) selectivity were obtained in ionic liquids in comparison with those observed in conventional media. Accordingly, ionic liquids provide new possibilities for the application of new type of solvent in biocatalytic reactions.     

含水有机溶剂体系中固定化Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061细胞催化乙酰乙酸乙酯不对称还原反应

本论文报道了含微水有机溶剂体系中固定化Acetobacter sp.CCTCC M209061细胞催化乙酰乙酸乙酯不对称还原为(R)-3-羟基丁酸乙酯。研究表明,Acetobacter sp.CCTCC M209061细胞能遵循反Prelog规则高选择性地催化乙酰乙酸乙酯不对称还原。与单水相反应体系相比,含有机溶剂体系不仅可有效地解决底物和产物的抑制作用,而且可提高反应底物的浓度和产率。在所研究的不同有机溶剂中,正己烷为该反应的最适有机相,其能较好溶解底物且对Acetobacter sp.CCTCC M209061细胞的毒性较小,从而导致反应的初速度较快,产率较高。异丙醇为该反应的最佳辅底物,其最适浓度为60 mmol/L;该反应体系中的最适正己烷体积百分比、反应温度、底物浓度分别为约100.00%(水含量约为0.01 wt%),35℃,40 mmol/L。在此条件下,反应的初速率、产率和产物的e.e.值分别为0.72μmol/min,85.24%和99.00%以上,明显好于水单相反应体系进行该反应的结果。     

采用双层静电自组装技术制备nPAM-木瓜蛋白酶-CNC催化剂

本研究利用载体材料纤维素纳米晶(CNC)、木瓜蛋白酶(papain,PA)以及非离子型聚丙烯酰胺(non-ionic polyacrylamide,n PAM)的表面电荷特性,制备了新型的固定化木瓜蛋白酶,利用Zeta电位分析,探寻固定化过程中的静电作用机制;并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析固定化PA的组成成分和各物质的相互作用。通过对固定化过程中的各因素进行研究,得到了制备该固定化酶的最优条件,分别为p H 5.0,CNC和PA质量比为36:1(CNC/PA),n PAM(5%质量分数)的添加量为0.3 m L,酶层自组装时间30 min;在此条件下酶活回收率达85.8%。随后,对游离酶和固定化酶的动力学参数研究显示固定化酶的Vmax/Km值(1.40 min-1)明显高于游离酶(0.80 min-1),表明所制备的固定化PA具有更高的催化效率、更广的最适p H范围和温度范围以及操作稳定性,在重复使用5批次之后,相对酶活仍在96.5%以上。可见双层自组装技术是一种进行固定化酶的新途径。     

静电纺抗菌纳米纤维膜的制备及纺丝条件对其形貌的影响

本文利用静电纺丝技术将可生物降解的聚乙烯醇(PVA)和具有良好抗菌作用的肉桂精油纺成抗菌纳米纤维材料。溶液组成及纺丝工艺参数会影响纤维直径的分布,进而影响材料的抗菌性能。因此,我们首先考察了不同质量浓度的PVA和β-环糊精(β-CD)对纤维直径分布的影响。借助扫描电镜对制备的纳米纤维形貌进行观察,发现最适的PVA及β-CD的质量浓度分别为6%和2%。在恒定电压下,利用SPSS分析接收距离和纺丝速率对纤维直径分布的影响。结果表明,接收距离对纤维直径的影响更为显著,而纺丝速率影响相对较小,适宜的纺丝工艺参数为电压15 kV,纺丝速率0.4 mL/h, 接收距离14 cm。在上述优化条件下,得到的纳米纤维直径分布均匀、形貌良好,有利于提高其抗菌活性。     

表面活性剂对面包酵母细胞催化2-辛酮不对称还原反应的影响

实验研究了表面活性剂(SDS,CTAB,Emulsifier OP-6)对面包酵母细胞催化2-辛酮不对称还原反应的影响.结果表明,当底物浓度为10mmol/L时,在不含表面活性剂的体系中,副反应和逆反应使反应96h后的得率和产物(S)-2-辛醇对映体过量率(Enantiomeric Excess,e.e.)仅为77.4%和78.8%.一定浓度的表面活性剂可提高正反应速率、降低逆反应和副反应速率,在含0.4mmol/L Emulsifier OP-6或0.04mmol/L CTAB的体系中反应96h,得率分别达到88.4%和91.1%,产物e.e.值为97.0%和94.5%.反应得率和产物e.e.值提高与表面活性剂对细胞生长、细胞膜透性的改变有关.EmulsifierOP-6的作用效果优于其他2种表面活性剂.     

含离子液体介质中脂肪酶高效催化对羟基苯甘氨酸甲酯不对称氨解

利用离子液体C6MIm·BF4 (20%,v/v)/叔丁醇混合介质中脂肪酶Novozym 435催化对羟基苯甘氨酸甲酯不对称氨解反应,高效地制备了对映体纯D-对羟基苯甘氨酸酰胺.该反应的最适氨源为氨基甲酸铵,其较佳浓度为120～160 mmol·L-1;最适水活度、反应温度、pH值、对羟基苯甘氨酸甲酯浓度分别为0.55～0.75、35～40℃、7.5～8.0和40 mmol·L-1.在上述条件下,反应初速度和对映体选择比分别为5.88 mmol·L-1·h-1和83 (E值),反应6 h,产率为47.6%,产物e.e.值为92.9%.与有机溶剂叔丁醇相比,脂肪酶Novozym 435在C6MIm·BF4 (20%,v/v)/叔丁醇混合溶剂中的操作稳定性显著提高,反应7批次后,仍能维持90%以上的催化活性,而在叔丁醇反应介质中,仅能维持41%的催化活性.     

有机介质中脂肪酶促动力学拆发外消旋1-三甲基硅乙醇

The enantioselective esterification of racemic 1-trimethylsilylethanol with acids catalyzed by lipase in organic solvent was successfully performed. The influence of some factors on the reaction was investigated. Among the four lipases explored, Candlda rugosa lipase (CRL) showed the highest activity and enantioselectivity. Octanoic acid was the best acyl donor among the eleven acids studied and n-hexane was the most suitable medium for the reaction. The optimum shaking rate and temperature were found to be 150 r-rain-i and 20~(3 to 30~C, respectively.The enantiomeric excess of the remaining (S)-(-)-1-trimethylsilylethanol was 93% when substrate conversion was 53% upon incubation of the reaction mixture at 30~C, 150 r-rain-i for 12 h.     

水相体系中固定化Acetobacter sp.CCTCC M209061细胞催化(S)-3-氯苯丙醇不对称合成

光学纯的3-氯苯丙醇是合成抗抑郁类药物的重要中间体。本论文报道了水相体系中固定化Acetobacter sp.CCTCC M209061细胞高效、高选择性地催化3-氯苯丙酮不对称还原为(S)-3-氯苯丙醇,采用聚乙烯醇与海藻酸钠的混合载体对醋酸杆菌细胞进行固定化,所得的固定化细胞的稳定性(热稳定性、p H稳定性及操作稳定性)均明显优于游离细胞。同时,固定化后的微生物细胞具有较好的重复利用性,连续反应3个批次后固定化细胞仍保留了80.0%以上的活性,而游离细胞的相对活性则小于20%。在所研究的体系中,葡萄糖为该反应的最佳辅底物,其最适浓度为50.0 mmol/L;该反应体系中的最适缓冲液p H值、反应温度、底物浓度分别为5.5、30℃和3.0 mmol/L。在此条件下,反应的初速度、产率以及产物的e.e.值依次为1.77 m M/h,88.9%和99.0%以上。     

水/有机溶剂双相中固定化啤酒酵母细胞催化三甲基硅乙酮不对称还原

Asymmetric synthesis of (-)-1-trimethylsilyl-ethanol with immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in water/organic solvent biphasic system was studied,The effects of shake speed,hydrophobictiy of organic solvent ,volume ratio of water phase to organic phase,pH value of aqueous phase and reaction temperature on the initial reaction rate,maximum yield and enantiomeric excess(ee) of the product were systematically explored,All the above-mentioned factors had significant infuence on the reaction.n-Hexane was found to be the best organic solvent for the reaction.The optimum shake speed,volume ratio of water phase to organic phase,pH value and reaction temperature were 150 r.min^-1,1/2,8 and 30℃ respectively,under which the maximum yield and enantiomeric excess of the product were as high as 96.8% and 95.7%,which are 15% and 16% higher than those of the corresponding reaction performed in aqueous phase ,To our best knowledge,this is the most satisfactory result obtained.     

离子液介质中生物催化与生物转化的研究进展

Ionic liquids have negligibly low vapor pressure, high stability and polarity. They are regarded as green solvents. Enzymes, especially lipases, as well as whole-cell of microbe, are catalytically active in ionic liquids or aqueous-ionic liquid biphasic systems. Up to date, there have been many reports on enzyme-exhibited features and enzyme-mediated reactions in ionic liquids. In many cases, remarkable results with respect to yield, catalytic activity, stability and (enantio-, regio-) selectivity were obtained in ionic liquids in comparison with those observed in conventional media. Accordingly, ionic liquids provide new possibilities for the application of new type of solvent in biocatalytic reactions.