碳中和背景下配电网差异化节能降耗潜力评估分

为了提高配电网差异化节能降耗效果，解决现有潜力评估方法存在的应用性能差的问题，提出碳中和背景下配电网差异化节能降耗潜力优化评估方法。根据配电网的空间结构，构建相应的等值电路模型。在该模型下，从设备损耗和运行附加损耗2个方面计算配电网的损耗量。根据损耗量计算结果，确定配电网差异化碳中和节能降耗方式。从静态和动态2个角度设置潜力评估指标，通过指标数据处理、指标权重求解等步骤，得出配电网差异化节能降耗潜力的综合量化评估结果。将设计潜力评估方法应用到配电网的差异化节能降耗改造工作中，能够有效降低配电网的实际线损量、降低区域损耗费用，并具有较高的应用价值。     

雷芬那辛的合成工艺研究

以联苯-2-基氨基甲酸哌啶-4-基酯(SM-1)为起始物料，经亲核取代、脱苄基、和4-甲酰基苯甲酸脱水反应生成酰胺中间体，最后和哌啶-4-甲酰胺脱水反应先形成希夫氏碱再经三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠还原制备雷芬那辛。通过对反应条件的控制及纯化，所得产品纯度为99.5%,总收率为45.7%,目标产物的化学结构经质谱和核磁共振确证。该工艺反应条件温和、操作简便，为雷芬那辛的合成提供了一种新选择。     

塔里木盆地塔西南坳陷柯东构造带甫沙4井原油来源及充注过程

甫沙4井位于塔里木盆地塔西南坳陷昆仑山前冲断带的柯东构造带上，北部和东部分别发育有柯克亚和柯东1井油气田。为研究甫沙4井原油来源与充注过程，对原油样品和连续抽提后的含油砂样各组分（游离态、束缚态、包裹体）进行GC、GC?MS和 GC?IRMS分析，与柯克亚凝析油气田油样进行油—油对比。结果表明：甫沙4井晚期充注原油组分具有C_29?32重排藿烷、重排甾烷和Ts相对含量高，C_27?29甾烷ααα 20R分布呈反“L”型，以及正构烷烃单体碳同位素值较低等特征，与柯克亚凝析油气田来源于二叠系普司格组（P_2?3p）烃源岩的主体原油（I类）地球化学特征一致。而早期充注的原油组分具有重排藿烷、重排甾烷和Ts相对含量较低，C_27?29甾烷ααα 20R分布呈“V”型，以及正构烷烃单体碳同位素值较高等特征，与柯克亚凝析油气田来源于中—下侏罗统湖相泥岩的II类原油地球化学特征一致。甫沙4井经历3个阶段成藏过程：①在上新世，二叠系烃源岩于生油晚期阶段生成的I类原油运移至柯克亚构造带或柯东构造带深部形成油藏；②在更新世早期，侏罗系烃源岩于生油早—中期生成的II类原油运移至甫沙4井白垩系储层；③在第四纪，强烈的构造作用使深部I类原油沿断裂调整进入甫沙4井白垩系储层。最终造成甫沙4井白垩系储层II类原油先充注，I类原油后充注的特殊现象。     

Scallops as a new source of food protein: high-intensity ultrasonication improved stability of oil-in-water emulsion stabilised by myofibrillar protein

In this study, the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) (200 and 400 W for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min respectively) on conformational changes, physicochemical, rheological and emulsifying properties of scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) myofibrillar protein (SMP) was investigated. HIUS-treated SMP had lower α-helix content and higher β-sheet content compared with the native SMP. HIUS treatment induced the unfolding of SMP and increased the surface hydrophobicity. The particle size of SMP decreased and the absolute zeta-potential increased after ultrasonication, which in turn increased the solubility of SMP. The conformational changes and the improvement of physicochemical properties of SMP increased the ability for SMP to lower the interfacial tension at the oil–water interface and increased the percentage of adsorbed protein. As a result, the emulsifying properties, rheological properties of SMP and storage stability of emulsions were also improved. In conclusion, HIUS treatment has future potential for improving the emulsifying properties of SMP.     

Sustainable phenolic thermosets coatings derived from urushiol

The over-exploitation of finite fossil resources and/or the increased environmental and sustainable awareness inspire scientists and technologists to search for inexpensive alternatives from renewable chemicals. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins, the oldest type of synthetic polymers with good mechanical properties and heat resistance, are widely used in the production of coatings, laminates, molding compositions, and glues. Here, biobased urushiol-derived PF resins were synthesized from the alkali-catalyzed reaction between urushiol and formaldehyde. The chemical compositions and molecular structures of resole resins were characterized by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their curing behaviors were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The as-prepared urushiol-derived resole resins had methylol (Ph−CH₂OH), ortho- and para-hemiformal groups (Ph−CH₂OCH₂OH), and the para−para/ortho−para/ortho−ortho links of methylene groups (Ph−CH₂−Ph), whereas the resole resins had low curing temperatures at about 100–113°C. Additionally, given the long side alkyl group moiety on the aromatic rings of urushiol, the films of cured urushiol-derived resole resins had low glass transition temperatures of 132 ± 2°C. Furthermore, the as-prepared urushiol-derived coatings exhibited excellent physical and mechanical properties.     

聚合物对旋流器内油滴聚结与分离效率的影响

为了研究聚合物对水力旋流器内油滴聚结与分离效率的影响规律,以螺旋导流内锥式旋流器为研究对象,利用群体平衡模型(PBM)方法对不合聚与含聚0.5‰工况下油水两相在旋流器内的速度场、黏度场、油滴聚结、运移特性及分离效率进行数值分析,并通过实验验证.结果 表明:聚合物的加入增大了水相黏度,使油滴在旋流器内最大停留时间与轴向运动距离增加,增加了油滴碰撞聚结的机会,但降低轴心处油滴向上运动的轴向速度,使油滴无法快速从溢流口流出,最终从底流口流出,增加油水分离的难度.与不合聚时相比,含聚0.5‰工况下,轴心处的油滴粒径与含油体积分数较高,但简化分离效率由99.79％降低至94.72％.通过马尔文粒度仪对两种工况下入口与出口的油滴粒径进行测试,含聚0.5‰时溢流与底流口油滴粒径高于不合聚时,验证了模拟的准确性.     

镍基高温合金GH202高温氧化后的微观组织演变

研究了镍基高温合金GH202在800~1100 ℃高温氧化后晶粒、碳化物和强化相的演变过程。采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子背散射衍射对其微观结构进行了表征。结果表明：镍基高温合金的硬度随氧化温度的升高而降低，1100 ℃氧化100 h后，硬度降低了43.5%。800和900 ℃氧化后晶粒生长速度较慢，而经900 ℃氧化后晶界碳化物析出显著增加。在1000和1100 ℃氧化后，晶粒尺寸明显增大。氧化过程中晶界迁移是由晶界两侧自由能差决定，温度越高，晶界向曲率中心迁移越快，大量细小晶粒被吞并形成了大晶粒。大块状碳化物（MC）分解成大量的碳原子，与Cr原子结合形成少量的富Cr颗粒状M₂₃C₆。在900 ℃氧化150 h后，M₂₃C₆演化为富Ti的M₆C。随着氧化温度的升高，碳化物在γ相中回熔。在800、900和1000 ℃氧化后，γ′相逐渐长大，在1100 ℃氧化100 h后，完全溶解于γ相。     

Flash joining of alumina ceramics under a small current density

The ceramic joining using electric field (E-field) has garnered significant research attention due to the decreased joining barrier and enhanced reliability. However, the underlying mechanism of E-field assisted joining remains unclear. Herein, we report the rapid joining of alumina ceramics using a small current. Moreover, the E-field is applied in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the faying surfaces, demonstrating a significant difference in terms of joint strength. These results indicate that the E-field generates defects and promotes the joining process by facilitating ionic diffusion.