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排序方式: 共有491条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Koji Kamagata Christina Andica Ayumi Kato Yuya Saito Wataru Uchida Taku Hatano Matthew Lukies Takashi Ogawa Haruka Takeshige-Amano Toshiaki Akashi Akifumi Hagiwara Shohei Fujita Shigeki Aoki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(10)
There has been an increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases with the rapid increase in aging societies worldwide. Biomarkers that can be used to detect pathological changes before the development of severe neuronal loss and consequently facilitate early intervention with disease-modifying therapeutic modalities are therefore urgently needed. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising tool that can be used to infer microstructural characteristics of the brain, such as microstructural integrity and complexity, as well as axonal density, order, and myelination, through the utilization of water molecules that are diffused within the tissue, with displacement at the micron scale. Diffusion tensor imaging is the most commonly used diffusion MRI technique to assess the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. However, diffusion tensor imaging has several limitations, and new technologies, including neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and free-water imaging, have been recently developed as approaches to overcome these constraints. This review provides an overview of these technologies and their potential as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and disease progression of major neurodegenerative diseases. 相似文献
2.
Hirokazu Kojima Tomoki Matsuda Kazuki Kano Taku Tsujimura 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(14):9433-9442
Energy storage using liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) is a long-term method to store renewable energy with high hydrogen energy density. This study investigated a simple and low-cost system to produce methylcyclohexane (MCH) from toluene and hydrogen using fluctuating electric power, and developed its control method. In the current system, hydrogen generated by an alkaline water electrolyzer was directly supplied to hydrogenation reactors, where hydrogen purification equipment such as PSA and TSA is not installed to decrease costs. Hydrogen buffer tanks and compressors are not equipped. In order to enable MCH production using fluctuating electricity, a feed-forward toluene supply control method was developed and introduced to the system. The electrolyzer was operated under triangular waves and power generation patterns of photovoltaic cells and produced hydrogen with fluctuating flow rates up to 7.5 Nm3/h. Consequently, relatively high purity of MCH (more than 90% of MCH mole fraction) was successfully produced. Therefore, the simplified system has enough potential to produce MCH using fluctuating renewable electricity. 相似文献
3.
Hyeonseok Jee Sumin Im Manabu Kanematsu Hiroshi Suzuki Satoshi Morooka Koyama Taku Akihiko Machida Sungchul Bae 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2020,103(12):7188-7201
We examined the effect of incorporating high-volume fly ash on the atomic arrangement and interatomic deformation behavior of calcium silicate hydrates in tricalcium silicate paste upon exposure to external forces. The interatomic structural changes and strains under compressive load were assessed using synchrotron in situ high-energy X-ray scattering-based atomic pair distribution function analysis. Three different types of strains, which were (a) macroscopic strains from gauges on the surfaces of specimen, (b) strains in a reciprocal space (Bragg peak shift), and (c) strains in real space (PDF peak shift), were compared to each other. All monitored and calculated strains for tricalcium silicate-fly ash (50 wt% fly ash) paste were compared with the counterparts of the pure tricalcium silicate paste. Pair distribution function analysis in the range of r < 10 Å indicated that the atomic arrangement of tricalcium silicate-fly ash was similar to that of synthetic calcium silicate hydrates followed by that of pure tricalcium silicate paste. Moreover, the pair distribution function refinement results revealed that the calcium silicate hydrate structure in tricalcium silicate-fly ash paste was similar to tobermorite 11 Å, unlike that in pure tricalcium silicate paste. The interatomic strain of tricalcium silicate-fly ash in the real space (r < 20 Å) was smaller than that of tricalcium silicate under compression, which suggested that the incompressibility of calcium silicate hydrates at atomistic scale was enhanced by the incorporation of fly ash into it. This was likely to be caused by the increased silicate polymerization of calcium silicate hydrates, which was attributed to the increase in the amount of silicate in their structure via the addition of fly ash. 相似文献
4.
Recently,small hydroelectric generators have gained attention as a further development in water turbine technology for ultra low head drops in open channels.The authors have evaluated the application of cross-flow water turbines in open channels as an undershot type after removing the casings and guide vanes to substantially simplify these water turbines.However,because undershot cross-flow water turbines are designed on the basis of cross-flow water turbine runners used in typical pipelines,it remains unclear whether the number of blades has an effect on the performance or flow fields.Thus,in this research,experiments and numerical analyses are employed to study the performance and flow fields of undershot cross-flow water turbines with varying number of blades.The findings show that the turbine output and torque are lower,the fluctuation is significantly higher,and the turbine efficiency is higher for runners with 8 blades as opposed to those with 24 blades. 相似文献
5.
6.
Yoshimune Nonomura Taku Miura Takaaki Miyashita Yuka Asao Hirokazu Shirado Yasutoshi Makino Takashi Maeno 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2012,9(71):1216-1223
Water detection is one of the most crucial psychological processes for many animals. However, nobody knows the perception mechanism of water through our tactile sense. In the present study, we found that a characteristic frictional stimulus with large acceleration is one of the cues to differentiate water from water contaminated with thickener. When subjects applied small amounts of water to a glass plate, strong stick-slip phenomena with a friction force of 0.46 ± 0.30 N and a vertical force of 0.57 ± 0.36 N were observed at the skin surface, as shown in previous studies. Surprisingly, periodic shears with acceleration seven times greater than gravitational acceleration occurred during the application process. Finite-element analyses predicted that these strong stimuli could activate tactile receptors: Meissner''s corpuscle and Pacinians. When such stimuli were applied to the fingertips by an ultrasonic vibrator, a water-like tactile texture was perceived by some subjects, even though no liquid was present between the fingertip and the vibrator surface. These findings could potentially be applied in the following areas: materials science, information technology, medical treatment and entertainment. 相似文献
7.
8.
Hiroaki Nakamura Naomichi Hatano Ryōen Shirasaki Naomi Hirayama Kenji Yonemitsu 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2011,40(5):601-605
We consider thermoelectric effects in a pseudo-one-dimensional electron gas (P1DEG) with a spin–orbit interaction (SOI). The
SOI splits the dispersion relation of the P1DEG into subbands with an energy gap. We find quantum oscillations in transport
coefficients, which coincide with the locations of the subband edges, as a function of the electrochemical potential. 相似文献
9.
Frictional anisotropy of oblique Ti nanocolumns grown by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) was investigated by ramp-scratch
experiments in forward (in the direction of the column tilt) and reverse (against the column tilt) directions using rectangular
and conical loading tips. Strong anisotropy in friction was generally observed, wherein the resistance or friction coefficient
in reverse scratching was higher than that in forward scratching, and the reverse resistance was sensitive to the tip shape.
In forward scratching, the nanocolumns bend with the column tilt direction, designated as the W-mode deformation. On the other
hand, in reverse scratching, the nanocolumns deflect against the column tilt in high normal force, designated as the A-mode
deformation. The deformation mode changes from the W-mode to the A-mode as the normal force increases in reverse scratching.
The mechanism of the frictional anisotropy was discussed on the basis of a simple deformation model of column by finite element
method. The anisotropy can be explained by the difference in the deformation mode. That is, compressive deformation in the
longitudinal direction and large deflection against the column tilt induce higher friction resistance in reverse scratching
than in forward scratching brought about by compliant bending deformation with the column tilt. 相似文献
10.
Hirobumi Shibata Taku Ogura Keishi Nishio Hideki Sakai Masahiko Abe Kazuaki Hashimoto Mutsuyoshi Matsumoto 《SILICON》2011,3(3):139-143
Large-pore mesoporous silica particles were synthesized through a solvent evaporation process using hydrophobic fumed silica
particles and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica sources. The solvent evaporation of an ethanol solution of fumed silica
particles, TEOS, HCl and triblock copolymer (F127) resulted in mesoporous silica particles with pores with sizes of about
7 nm. In addition, the interplanar spacing of the mesoporous silica particles can be controlled by changing the solvent evaporation
temperatures. 相似文献