某星载电子设备的力学仿真分析

星载电子设备面临着各种严酷的力学环境,具有极高的可靠性要求。文中为了节省环试成本,缩短研发周期,采用ANSYS建立了某星载电子设备的力学仿真模型;为了验证模型的准确性,进行了该电子设备的模态仿真及实测,经过比较发现两者数据非常接近;基于建立的仿真模型,分析了该电子设备在加速度过载、冲击、正弦振动及随机振动等各种工况下的结构响应和受力情况,得到了相应的位移和应力云图。结果表明该电子设备的结构设计满足星载环境要求。文中针对该电子设备的结构仿真及测试对于理解其力学特性具有重要的意义。     

Phase-field modeling of dendritic growth of magnesium alloys with a parallel-adaptive mesh refinement algorithm

A two-dimensional phase field (PF) model was developed to simulate the dendritic solidification in magnesium alloy with hcp crystal structure.By applying a parallel-adaptive mesh refinement (Para-AMR) algorithm,the computational efficiency of the numerical model was greatly improved.Based on the PF model,a series of simulation cases were conducted and the results showed that the anisotropy coefficient and coupling coefficient had a great influence on the dendritic morphology of magnesium alloy.The dendritic growth kinetics was determined by the undercooling and equilibrium solute partition coefficient.A significant finding is acquired that with a large undercooling,the maximum solute concentration is located on both sides of the dendrite tip in the liquid,whereas the maximum solute concentration gradient is located right ahead of the dendrite tip in the liquid.The dendrite tip growth velocity decreases with the increase of the equilibrium solute partition coefficient,while the variation trend of the dendrite tip radius is the opposite.Quantitative analysis was carried out relating to the dendritic morphology and growth kinetics,and the simulated results are consistent with the theoretical models proposed in the previously published works.     

Modeling studies on divorced eutectic formation of high pressure die cast magnesium alloy

The morphology and content of the divorced eutectic in the microstructure of high pressure die casting(HPDC) magnesium alloy have a great influence on the final performance of castings. Based on the previous work concerning simulation of the nucleation and dendritic growth of primary α-Mg during the solidification of magnesium alloy under HPDC process, an extension was made to the formerly established CA(Cellular Automaton) model with the purpose of modeling the nucleation and growth of Mg-Al eutectic. With a temperature field and solute field obtained during simulation of the primary α-Mg dendrites as the initial condition of the modified CA model, modeling of the Mg-Al eutectic with a divorced morphology was achieved. Moreover, the simulated results were in accordance with the experimental ones regarding the distribution and content of the divorced eutectic. Taking a "cover-plate" die casting with AM60 magnesium alloy as an example, the rapid solidification with a high cooling rate at the surface layer of the casting led to a fine and uniform grain size of primary α-Mg, while the divorced eutectic at the grain boundary revealed a more dispersed and granular morphology. Islands of divorced eutectic were observed at the central region of the casting, due to the existence of ESCs(Externally Solidified Crystals) which contributed to a coarse and non-uniform grain size of primary α-Mg. The volume percentage of the eutectic β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase is about 2%-6% in the die casting as a whole. The numerical model established in this study is of great significance to the study of the divorced eutectic in the microstructure of die cast magnesium alloy.     

基于GPRS的热电远程监控系统开发应用

GPRS是在GSM体制上发展起来的新型无线分组数据业务，具有实时在线、按量计费、快捷登陆、高速传输、自如切换、资源共享和丰富带宽等优点。文中针对供热管网人工计量以及电台传输监控系统存在的问题，通过对比论证，利用中国移动通信GPRS数据传输网络平台，开发GPRS数据传输终端，设计编制了切实可行的通信协议和具有本项目特点的硬、软件，利用SIM卡绑定固定IP地址，建立了东方热电虚拟专用网，成功地实现了供热管网远程数据采集监控系统，并分析了这种体制的可行性、经济性和优越性。     

机载雷达电源单元的减重设计及力学仿真分析

机载电子设备有着重量轻、功率密度高等要求,实际上还面临着各种严酷的力学环境。针对机载雷达电源单元,文中从电源模块及整件两方面着手开展减重设计。为了验证经过减重设计后的结构刚强度是否满足要求,采用ANSYS 软件分析了该电源单元在加速度过载、冲击及随机振动等各种工况下的结构响应和受力情况。分析结果表明,该电源单元的结构设计满足机载环境要求。文中针对雷达电源单元的减重设计及力学仿真分析对于其他机载电子设备的结构设计具有一定的指导意义。     

镁合金等轴及柱状树枝晶模拟(英文)

基于CA方法,开发了模拟具有HCP晶体结构的镁合金的枝晶生长模型,生长动力学通过求解传输方程获得。通过定义特殊的正方网格CA邻居单元及采用由BELTRAN-SANCHEZ和STEFANESCU提出的具有立方晶体结构的金属凝固过程中枝晶生长的捕获规则,实现了具有不同生长取向的镁合金枝晶生长的建模及仿真。对镁合金等轴树枝晶和定向凝固条件下柱状树枝晶的生长进行模拟。对模拟结果与实验结果及发表的实验结果进行对比,从而验证了模型的可靠性。     

Experimental and Modeling Studies of the Lamellar Eutectic Growth of Mg-Al Alloy

Directionally solidified samples of Mg-32.3 wt pct Al eutectic alloy were produced under an argon atmosphere in a vacuum Bridgman-type furnace to study the eutectic growth with different growth velocities. Typical features such as steady-state lamellar eutectic growth, lamellar branching at the quenching interface, and the formation of colony structures due to the impurity of the Mg-Al binary alloy were observed using a JEOL 6301F scanning electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The lamellar spacing of the two eutectic phases was measured on the transverse sections of the samples. It was found that the relationship between the measured lamellar spacing and growth velocity agreed well with the prediction of the Jackson-Hunt model. Subsequent studies of Mg-Al eutectic growth were conducted using a numerical model based on the cellular automaton (CA) method. Taking account of the solute diffusion, constitutional undercooling, and curvature undercooling, modeling of steady-state lamellar eutectic growth was achieved. A systematic investigation of the eutectic growth morphology and lamellar spacing of the Mg-Al eutectic was carried out under directional solidification with different undercoolings, initial lamellar spacings, temperature gradients, and growth velocities. The results showed that under the interaction between solute diffusion and surface energy, the adjustment of eutectic lamellar spacing was accomplished by nucleation, lamellar branching, lamellar termination, and overgrowth. The simulated results were consistent with both the experimental results and the Jackson-Hunt eutectic theory.     

Effects of process parameters on morphology and distribution of externally solidified crystals in microstructure of magnesium alloy die castings

During the cold-chamber high pressure die casting(HPDC) process, samples were produced to investigate the microstructure characteristics of AM60B magnesium alloy. Special attention was paid to the effects of process parameters on the morphology and distribution of externally solidified crystals(ESCs) in the microstructure of magnesium alloy die castings, such as slow shot phase plunger velocity, delay time of pouring and fast shot phase plunger velocity. On the basis of metallographic observation and quantitative statistics, it is concluded that a lower slow shot phase plunger velocity and a longer delay time of pouring both lead to an increment of the size and percentage of the ESCs, due to the fact that a longer holding time of the melt in the shot sleeve will cause a more severe loss of the superheat. The impingement of the melt flow on the ESCs is more intensive with a higher fast shot phase plunger velocity, in such case the ESCs reveal a more granular and roundish morphology and are dispersed throughout the cross section of the castings. Based on analysis of the filling and solidification processes of the melt during the HPDC process, reasonable explanations were proposed in terms of the nucleation, growth, remelting and fragmentation of the ESCs to interpret the effects of process parameters on the morphology and distribution of the ESCs in the microstructure of magnesium alloy die castings.     

Simulation of dendritic growth of magnesium alloys with fluid flow

Fluid flow has a significant impact on the microstructure evolution of alloys during solidification. Based on the previous work relating simulation of the dendritic growth of magnesium alloys with hcp (hexagonal close-packed) structure, an extension was made to the formerly established CA (cellular automaton) model with the purpose of studying the effect of fluid flow on the dendritic growth of magnesium alloys. The modified projection method was used to solve the transport equations of flow field. By coupling the flow field with the solute field, simulation results of equiaxed and columnar dendritic growth of magnesium alloys with fluid flow were achieved. The simulated results were quantitatively compared with those without fluid flow. Moreover, a comparison was also made between the present work and previous works conducted by others. It can be concluded that a deep understanding of the dendritic growth of magnesium alloys with fluid flow can be obtained by applying the present numerical model.     

Defect band formation in high pressure die casting AE44 magnesium alloy

The characteristics of defect bands in the microstructure of high pressure die casting (HPDC) AE44 magnesium alloy were investigated. Special attention was paid to the effects of process parameters during the HPDC process and casting structure on the distribution of defect bands. Results show that the defect bands are solute segregation bands with the enrichment of Al, Ce and La elements, which are basically in the form of Al₁₁RE₃ phase. There is no obvious aggregation of porosities in the defect bands. The width of the inner defect band is 4–8 times larger than that of the outer one. The variation trends of the distribution of the inner and outer defect bands are not consistent under different process parameters and at different locations of castings. This is due to the discrepancy between the formation mechanisms of double defect bands. The filling and solidification behavior of the melt near the chilling layer is very complicated, which finally leads to a fluctuation of the width and location of the outer defect band. By affecting the content and aggregation degree of externally solidified crystals (ESCs) in the cross section of die castings, the process parameters and casting structure have a great influence on the distribution of the inner defect band.