壳聚糖在生物医用高分子材料中的研究进展

壳聚糖在医学领域中已成为一种重要的生物材料,其具有良好的抗菌、耐热性等多重优点.综述了目前我国一些关于壳聚糖医用高分子研究报告及应用现状,结合壳聚糖在生物医用上的实际作用,展开壳聚糖的功能描述,探析了壳聚糖在生物医用高分子材料中的使用方向.     

Engineering Silver-Enriched Copper Core-Shell Electrocatalysts to Enhance the Production of Ethylene and C2+ Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide at Low Cell Potentials

Copper catalysts are widely studied for the electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to value-added hydrocarbon products. Controlling the surface composition of copper nanomaterials may provide the electronic and structural properties necessary for carbon-carbon coupling, thus increasing the Faradaic efficiency (FE) towards ethylene and other multi-carbon (C₂₊) products. Synthesis and catalytic study of silver-coated copper nanoparticles (Cu@Ag NPs) for the reduction of CO₂ are presented. Bimetallic CuAg NPs are typically difficult to produce due to the bulk immiscibility between these two metals. Slow injection of the silver precursor, concentrations of organic capping agents, and gas environment proved critical to control the size and metal distribution of the Cu@Ag NPs. The optimized Cu@Ag electrocatalyst exhibited a very low onset cell potential of −2.25 V for ethylene formation, reaching a FE towards C₂₊ products (FE_C2+) of 43% at −2.50 V, which is 1.0 V lower than a reference Cu catalyst to reach a similar FE_C2+. The high ethylene formation at low potentials is attributed to enhanced C C coupling on the Ag enriched shell of the Cu@Ag electrocatalysts. This study offers a new catalyst design towards increasing the efficiency for the electroreduction of CO₂ to value-added chemicals.     

不同类型断层控制油气垂向富集的差异——以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷歧南斜坡区为例

渤海湾盆地历经多期构造变动，断层圈闭发育普遍。断层作为断层圈闭的边界条件，在油气成藏过程中起着至关重要的作用。以断层圈闭较发育的歧南斜坡区为例分析了同向断层和反向断层控制油气垂向富集的差异，基于三维地震资料，从断层形成过程和断层圈闭分布出发，剖析了断层遮挡圈闭的成因及分布规律。结合油水分布规律，基于油藏解剖并应用储层定量荧光技术明确了不同类型断层控藏的差异及其形成机理。研究表明：①断层分段生长作用和断层上盘与下盘的差异活动是同向断层控制下断层遮挡圈闭形成的主要原因，斜坡区反向断层控制形成的断层圈闭则是断块掀斜翘倾作用所致；②同向断层圈闭发育在断层上盘分段点位置，只有当同向断层进入"硬连接"阶段方可形成断层圈闭，反向断层圈闭形成在断层下盘，在反向断层活动初期便可形成；③同向断层既可以控制油气在多套含油气系统中聚集成藏，也可在一套含油气系统中富集，而反向断层往往控制油气在一套含油气系统中富集；④不同类型断层控制油气垂向聚集的差异与圈闭发育位置以及断-盖配置有关。采用泥岩涂抹系数对沙河街组一段中部盖层控制的含油气系统的垂向调整进行定量评价，泥岩涂抹系数低于3.5时油气保存，泥岩涂抹系数高于3.5时油气垂向渗漏。     

The effect of optimized carbon source on the synthesis and composition of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus paracasei

This study aimed to predict the optimal carbon source for higher production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by Lactobacillus paracasei TD 062, and to evaluate the effect of this carbon source on the production and monosaccharide composition of EPS. We evaluated the EPS production capacity of 20 strains of L. paracasei under the same conditions. We further investigated L. paracasei TD 062, which showed the highest EPS-producing activity (0.609 g/L), by examining the associated biosynthesis pathways for EPS. Genomics revealed that fructose, mannose, trehalose, glucose, galactose, and lactose were carbon sources that L. paracasei TD 062 could use to produce EPS. We identified an EPS synthesis gene cluster that could participate in transport, export, and sugar chain synthesis, and generate 6 sugar nucleotides. Experimental results showed that the sugar content of the EPS produced using fermentation with the optimized carbon source (fructose, mannose, trehalose, glucose, galactose, and lactose) increased by 115%. Furthermore, use of the optimized carbon source changed the monosaccharide content of the associated EPS. The results of enzyme activity measurements showed significant increases in the activity of 2 key enzymes involved in the glycoside synthesis pathway. Our study revealed that optimizing the carbon source provided for fermentation not only increased the production of EPS, but also affected the composition of the monosaccharides by increasing enzyme activity in the underlying synthesis pathways, suggesting an important role for carbon source in the production of EPS by L. paracasei TD 062.     

The Effect of Tb80Fe20/Al Co-adding on Coercivity and Thermal Stability in Sintered Nd–Fe–B Magnets

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism - The influence of Tb80Fe20/Al co-adding on coercivity and temperature stability of sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets was studied. Compared with...     

Novel cobalt-free Pr2Ni1-xNbxO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) perovskite as the cathode material for IT-SOFC

The cobalt-free cathode materials with high activity is critical to the commercial application of medium temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). Herein, a series of cobalt-free Nb-doped Pr₂Ni_1-xNb_xO₄ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) perovskite oxides were successfully prepared, and the effects of Nb-doping on the structure, thermal stability and electrochemical properties of the cathode material are studied in detail. The Pr₂Ni_1-xNb_xO₄ exhibits a K₂NiF₄ type structure with Fmmm space group. The Nb⁵⁺ cations that doped into Pr₂NiO₄ replaces the Ni site, which increases the surface oxygen content, then effectively eliminates the phase transition of Pr₂NiO₄ and significantly improves the ORR catalytic activity. The Pr₂Ni_0.9Nb_0.1O₄ was found to occupy the lowest polarization resistance of 0.057 Ω cm², and the peak power density of single cells supported by the electrolyte is 0.576 W cm^?2 at 700 °C, which has good long-term stability.     

Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of 11C-Labeled VU0467485/AZ13713945 and Its Analogues for Imaging Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtype 4

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have five distinct subunits (M₁–M₅) and are involved in the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. Attributed to the promising clinical efficacy of xanomeline, an M₁/M₄-preferring agonist, in patients of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, M₁- or M₄-selective mAChR modulators have been developed that target the topographically distinct allosteric sites. Herein we report the synthesis and preliminary evaluation of ¹¹C-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) ligands based on a validated M₄R positive allosteric modulator VU0467485 (AZ13713945) to facilitate drug discovery. [¹¹C]VU0467485 and two other ligands were prepared in high radiochemical yields (>30 %, decay-corrected) with high radiochemical purity (>99 %) and high molar activity (>74 GBq μmol⁻¹). In vitro autoradiography studies indicated that these three ligands possess moderate-to-high in vitro specific binding to M₄R. Nevertheless, further physiochemical property optimization is necessary to overcome the challenges associated with limited brain permeability.     

Adaptive Finite-time Tracking Control for Class of Uncertain Nonlinearly Parameterized Systems with Input Delay

International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems - In this paper, the tracking problem for a class of uncertain nonlinearly parameterized systems with input delay based the adaptive...