This paper presents a case study of an optimized combination of mine water control, treatment, utilization and reinjection to achieve the zero discharge of mine water. Mine water has been considered a hazard and pollution source during underground mining, so most mining enterprises directly discharge mine water to the surface after simple treatment, resulting in a serious waste of water. Moreover, discharging a large amount of mine water can destroy the original groundwater balance and cause serious environmental problems, such as surface subsidence, water resource reduction and contamination, and adverse impacts on biodiversity. The Zhongguan iron mine is in the major groundwater source area of the Hundred Springs of Xingtai, which is an area with a high risk of potential subsidence. To optimize the balance between mining and groundwater resources, a series of engineering measures was adopted by the Zhongguan iron mine to realize mine water control, treatment, utilization, and reinjection. The installation of a closed grout curtain has greatly reduced the water yield of deep stopes in the mine; the effective sealing efficiency reaches 80%. Nanofiltration membrane separation was adopted to treat the highly mineralized mine water; the quality of the produced water meets China’s recommended class II groundwater standard. Low-grade heat energy from the mine water is collected and utilized through a water-source heat pump system. Finally, zero mine water discharge is realized through mine water reinjection. This research provides a beneficial reference for mines with similar geological and hydrogeological conditions to achieve environmentally sustainable mining.
一种新的仿真方法和测试手段被采用来验证了FinFET中传统的应力仿真方法。首先,名为lattice kinetic Monte Carlo的算法第一次被用来仿真了FinFET上SiGe的外延生长过程以及由之产生的应力。外延过程的仿真充分可信,同时与传统的由多面体法生成结果的系统对比证实了两种算法具有相近的结果和相似的分布。接下来,P型FinFET器件结构片在实验室制备出来并在RPCVD机台中对源漏区进行了成功的SiGe外延的实验。对做完SiGe外延结构片进行TEM和纳米束衍射测试来表征Fin中的应变,测试的结果与相同条件下的多面体法仿真结果进行比较,二者相互验证。 相似文献