类球红细菌粗提物对贮藏期香肠挥发性风味物质和呈味氨基酸的影响

为探究类球红细菌粗提物对香肠贮藏期挥发性风味物质及呈味氨基酸的影响,在加工香肠时分别添加高中低浓度的类球红细菌粗提物,以不添加类球红细菌粗提物的香肠作为对照,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）和氨基酸分析仪分别测定香肠贮藏3个月和6个月时的挥发性风味物质和游离氨基酸。结果表明,GC-MS共检测出36种挥发性风味物质,其中醇类17种、酯类1种、醛类10种、酸类2种、烷烃类3种、其它成分3种,共有8种主体风味物质。多元统计分析表明,贮藏3个月时,添加类球红细菌粗提物香肠的醇类物质含量及种类低于对照组;贮藏6个月时,添加类球红细菌粗提物香肠的醇类物质含量高于对照组,但醛类物质含量低于对照组,且粗提物促进了唯一酯类物质己酸乙烯酯的生成。添加低浓度的类球红细菌粗提物降低了庚醛、辛酸等异味物质的含量。氨基酸分析表明,类球红细菌粗提物提高了香肠鲜味和甜味氨基酸的占比。味觉活性值（taste activity value,TAV）分析表明,组氨酸TAV值最大,对香肠滋味影响最强。本研究为基于类球红细菌代谢物提升传统中式香肠风味品质提供了一定的理论依据和技术支撑。     

发酵温度对低温发酵大头菜品质的影响

为探讨不同发酵温度对低温发酵大头菜品质的影响,比较-1℃～5℃和6℃～8℃发酵大头菜的脆性、色度、亚硝酸盐残留量、水分含量、水分活度、氨基酸态氮含量、总酸含量、还原糖含量。结果显示,-1℃～5℃发酵大头菜的脆性、水分含量、亚硝酸盐残留量极显著高于6℃～8℃发酵大头菜（P<0.01）,但亚硝酸盐残留量均小于0.6 mg/kg。6℃～8℃发酵大头菜的红度值、黄度值（内部）、总酸含量、还原糖含量极显著高于-1℃～5℃发酵大头菜（P<0.01）。6℃～8℃发酵大头菜的水分活度、氨基酸态氮含量显著高于-1℃～5℃发酵大头菜（P<0.05）;两个温度下发酵的大头菜的亮度值没有显著性差异（P>0.05）。     

新型工业化生产低温腌制大头菜挥发性风味物质分析

In order to study the effect of temperature on the volatile flavor compounds of low-temperature pickled mustard roots, industrially produced ?1~5 ℃ and 6~8 ℃ low-temperature pickled mustard roots were employed as materials in the present study. Volatile flavor solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS), combined with relative odor activity value(ROAV) and principal component analysis(PCA). The results showed that the low-temperature pickled mustard roots volatile flavor compounds were mainly composed of alcohols, esters, alkenes and nitriles. By calculating ROAV value, 12 kinds of flavor substances with ROAV≥1 were obtained. Sec-butyl isothiocyanate, D-limonene, eucalyptol, linalool, phenethyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, anethole, phenylpropionitrile were the more important flavor substances in ?1~5 ℃ low-temperature pickled mustard roots. However, D-limonene, eucalyptol, phenethyl alcohol, linalool, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylpropionitrile, nonanoic acid, anethole, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, 1-octene-3 alcohol contributed greater to the flavor of 6~8 ℃ low-temperature pickled mustard roots. PCA analysis of the 12 flavor substances indicated that phenethyl alcohol, eucalyptol, 1-octene-3 alcohol, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, and phenylpropionitrile were characteristic flavor substances. The present study would supply the theoretical supports for optimization of procedures for industrial production of low-temperature pickled mustard roots.