羧基化改性静电纺天然棕色棉纤维素膜的金属铜离子吸附性能

为探究静电纺纤维素膜对重金属离子的吸附性能,在用静电纺成功制备天然棕色棉纤维素膜的基础上,进行了Cu~(2+)吸附性能的研究。结果表明:静电纺纤维素膜材料和原棉纤维相比具有很高的Cu~(2+)吸附能力,在不同p H值条件下可分别达到原棉的3~5倍;静电纺纤维素膜经羧基化改性后,可极大提高Cu~(2+)的吸附容量,在此条件下静电纺纤维素膜吸附量可高达约250 mg/g;羧基化改性静电纺纤维素膜对Cu~(2+)的吸附具有快速性,80%以上的吸附量可在16 s左右完成;羧基化改性静电纺纤维素膜对Cu~(2+)的吸附具有饱和性和单分子层吸附特性;制备的羧基化静电纺纤维素膜的理论单层饱和吸附量为526.3 mg/g,Langmuir特征常数为7.133×10~(-6)L/mg。     

莨纱绸制备用河泥的关键成分及其结构特征

为确定河泥中参与莨纱绸涂层形成的有机组分,并明晰莨纱绸生产用河泥与非专用河泥(以杭州下沙河泥为例)的差别,采用碱溶酸析法将生产莨纱绸用的广东佛山顺德、西樵河泥以及杭州下沙河泥分别进行分离与纯化,将莨纱绸生产用河泥涂抹在反复浸/晒薯莨浸出液的染色坯布上并刮下表面涂层粉末,最后借助紫外-可见分光光度计、傅里叶红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪对所得各组分进行分析。结果表明：河泥中的腐殖酸和富里酸成分参与了莨纱绸涂层的形成;莨纱绸制备用河泥与杭州下沙河泥的腐殖酸和富里酸组分在结构和性质上存在较大差别,莨纱绸制备用河泥腐殖酸和富里酸分子的含氧官能团含量与芳香化程度更高,且其腐殖酸组分具有较强的铁离子结合能力,这些结构特征和特性有助于形成莨纱绸乌黑亮丽且色牢度高的涂层。     

鲜茧/干茧生丝HPLC指纹图谱的构建研究

利用高效液相色谱,获取不同来源鲜茧和干茧生丝的高效液相色谱图,然后通过特征组分信息的提取,文章分别建立鲜茧/干茧生丝各自的HPLC(高效液相色谱法)指纹图谱,并利用指纹图谱对生丝样品进行相似度评价和系统聚类分析,来验证其对生丝的区分效果。结果表明：鲜茧生丝样品之间相似度大于0.919,干茧生丝样品之间相似度大于0.945,同类生丝的一致性良好。但鲜茧、干茧生丝的指纹谱图存在明显差别,说明两类生丝的特征组分不同。根据两类生丝的特征差异进行系统聚类分析,可以完成对两类生丝的准确区分。经方法学验证,指纹图谱用于鲜茧、干茧生丝定性时具有良好的可靠性和可重复性。鲜茧/干茧生丝HPLC指纹图谱能反映出两类生丝的组分差异,可以作为鲜茧/干茧生丝的区分依据。     

薯莨水溶提取组分的初步分析

为了研究薯莨色素提取液的成分,利用凝胶过滤柱色谱法对薯莨水溶提取组分初步分离得到2类组分：乳白色物质和深棕色色素物质。应用诊断试剂、紫外光谱、红外光谱对分离所得的乳白色物质和色素物质进行定性,并结合基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱分析发现：纯水提取的薯莨色素主要是缩合单宁四聚体以下的多聚体;乳白色物质主要是多糖类物质,含有果胶和淀粉,不含蛋白质。采用香草醛-盐酸法和苯酚-硫酸法对提取物中的缩合单宁和乳白色物质中多糖进行定量分析发现,二者在薯莨提取物中的平均含量分别为47.7%和10.2%。     

天然彩色棉与4-甲氧基肉桂醛的反应性

简单、快速地鉴别天然彩色棉和染色棉对规范天然彩色棉市场和促进天然彩色棉产业的健康发展十分重要。依据天然彩色棉色素的多酚属性,以及4-甲氧基肉桂醛与天然彩色棉的色素反应,通过改变纤维的颜色来快速鉴别天然彩色棉与染色棉。研究了4-甲氧基肉桂醛浓度、pH、反应温度和时间对天然彩色棉颜色的影响。研究发现,反应效果与pH负相关,与4-甲氧基肉桂醛的浓度、反应时间和温度正相关;在温度为50℃,pH为2,4-甲氧基肉桂醛的质量分数为0.5%的条件下反应30 min,即可有效鉴别天然彩色棉纤维与染色棉。     

Study on the structure and properties of modified silk with ultraviolet absorbent北大核心CSCD

The silk fiber has an irreplaceable position in textile fibers and related silk fabrics have the advantages of light and airy texture good moisture absorption and breathability comfort in wear etc. It is also widely used in other fields such as the biomedical sector. However silk also has its own limitations poor light resistance and susceptibility to ultraviolet light especially the ultraviolet light of 290-400 nm wavelength in daylight such as under which condition it is prone to yellowing and photodegradation. The yellowing of silk is due to the photo-oxidation of tyrosine and tryptophan in silk protein under the action of ultraviolet light from sunlight and due to the production of yellow substances which affects the whiteness of silk. In addition from the molecular structure of silk most of the amino acids susceptible to UV light are distributed in the amorphous region. As the amorphous region is affected the structure of the crystalline region is also gradually relaxed the local degradation begins and the silk protein macromolecule chain is cleaved which leads to the decrease of the mechanical properties of silk fibers and accelerates the aging of silk fibers and fabrics. Therefore it is necessary to modify the silk products outside the anti-purple line. The current methods used to modify silk are mostly for post finishing modification including coating impregnation and chemical grafting methods but these methods often affect the original color or feel of the fabric and the durability of the modified effect is also poor. The feeding method is a green method to obtain modified silk by spraying mulberry leaves or artificial feed mixed with modifier which is ingested by silkworm and transferred to silk gland. In this study five aminobenzene UV absorbers were used as exogenous additive food for silkworms. The effect of molecular polarity on the transport of modifiers to silk glands was investigated and their effects on silkworm development and silk structural properties were studied. It was found that the aminobenzene UV absorbers were more easily transferred to the central silk gland silk glue and less to the posterior silk gland (fibroin). 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid was found to be the highest in the posterior silk gland with a content of 3. 27 μg / strip. The cocoon width and cocoon quality of this group were significantly lower than those of the control group and the silk gum content was increased when this group was used as the study object. Compared with the control group the relative content of β-folded structure and crystallinity of the silk in the addition feeding group decreased slightly. The silkworm silk in the feeding group showed a certain UV absorption ability. After 330 h UV irradiation the breaking strength and elongation of the control group decreased by 48. 95% and 43. 52% respectively while those of the feeding group decreased by 42. 03% and 34. 18% respectively. In this paper UV absorbers were added to silkworms to obtain modified silk mainly focusing on the transfer of the modifier to the silk gland and the structural properties of the modified silk only for the most UV absorbers to enter the silk gland of the posterior group of silk. Other properties of the modified silk such as washing resistance have not been studied and some more in-depth studies are required. For instance it needs to be studied in depth for the limited absorption of exogenous additives by silkworms additive food's being not always absorbed by silkworms and transferred to the silk gland and the mechanism of action between the additive food and silk protein after the former's entering the silk gland. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

敌草隆在棉纤维上的降解及产物分析

棉花纤维作为重要的纺织品原材料,其安全性越来越受到人们的关注。本文针对棉花种植过程中大量使用且半衰期长的敌草隆作为研究对象,通过光降解和煮练过程,利用液相色谱技术进行检测,研究敌草隆的降解及产物。结果表明,煮练条件下,在40min敌草隆能够完全从棉纤维上脱除,液相色谱能够有效的检测敌草隆在棉花纤维上的残留,重复性好,满足农药检测标准,在光解和煮练过程中敌草隆的降解产物同为3,4-二氯苯胺。     

对二甲基氨基肉桂醛与天然棕色棉的显色反应特性

天然棕色棉与普通白棉化学成分和结构十分接近,常规的鉴别方法难以快速、方便地鉴别两者。根据天然棕色棉色素的化学性质,利用芳香醛与纤维中的多酚色素反应改变纤维的颜色,可快速鉴别天然棕色棉。本研究选择了对二甲基氨基肉桂醛作为反应试剂,研究了反应试剂质量分数、盐酸体积分数、温度、时间对天然棕色棉纤维颜色的影响。结果表明:在50℃,盐酸体积分数3%,对二甲基氨基肉桂醛质量分数0.05%的条件下反应2min,即可有效鉴别真假天然棕色棉纤维。     

商业干洗衣物中四氯乙烯释放模拟、检测及数学模型的建立

现代医学研究表明四氯乙烯对人体有一定的毒副作用,并且干洗后衣物上残留的四氯乙烯难以释放完全,故有必要进行安全监控。实验模拟了日常生活中干洗衣物储存及放置的环境,以研究四氯乙烯的释放行为。文章采用袋装法与立方环境仓法,研究密闭环境下温度对衣物中残留的四氯乙烯释放的影响。结果表明,在衣物放置的适宜温度范围内,温度越高,四氯乙烯挥发得越快越彻底。同时根据开放环境不同风速下四氯乙烯的残留量匹配建立了f=(a-d)·e~(-(b+cv)t)+d负指数函数模型,探索了四氯乙烯在棉、涤、丝、裘皮中的残留动态、释放速率及有效生命周期,为干洗后衣物的健康穿着提供指导。研究发现在干洗后丝织物中的四氯乙烯挥发最快最彻底,丝织物较适合干洗洗涤。     

香草醛盐酸法定量薯莨色素提取液中的缩合单宁

莨纱绸是我国华南地区特有的用一种纯手工染色和整理的,具有特殊风格和功能的丝绸面料。制作莨纱绸所使用的天然染料—薯莨色素提取物的上染量目前仍依靠人的经验控制,是影响莨纱绸品质及今后工业化生产的不利因素。本实验探究了以儿茶素为标准品,采用香草醛—盐酸法定量薯莨色素提取物中单宁的条件,结果表明:反应温度25℃,反应时间30min时,薯莨色素缩合单宁质量浓度在0.02~1.5mg/mL内与吸光值呈良好的线性关系;通过此方法制作的标准曲线计算出薯莨色素提取物中缩合单宁的含量为47.7%;该方法有较好的重复性和准确性,是一种简便、快速、可准确测定薯莨提取液中缩合单宁含量的可靠方法。