Structural properties of nanocomposites based on resole-type phenol-formaldehyde oligomers and detonation nanodiamonds

Using the methods of infrared spectroscopy (IRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was shown that short-term high-energy machining of detonation nanodiamonds (DND) leads to structural changes in the crystal structure and functional composition of the surface layer on particles. The possibility of spontaneous formation for stable colloidal systems with a narrow size distribution of mechanically activated DND in phenol-formaldehyde oligomers (PFO) was established. By molecular spectroscopy it was revealed that π → π* interactions of the aromatic rings of PFO are caused by orientational phenomena as a result of hydrogen bonds between an activated DND surface and functional groups of PFO. The effect of DND concentration on the curing reaction parameters ofpsgr the phenol-formaldehyde oligomer was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The concentration effect of mechanically activated nanodiamonds on the physical and mechanical characteristics of a composite material based on phenol-formaldehyde binder and polyamide paper (Nomex) was studied. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48582.     

Adaptive Immune Responses in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient with Acute Varicella-Zoster Virus Reactivation during Treatment with Fingolimod

Fingolimod, an oral sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, is approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The interference with S1P signaling leads to retention particularly of chemokine receptor-7 (CCR7) expressing T cells in lymph nodes. The immunological basis of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections during fingolimod treatment is unclear. Here, we studied the dynamics of systemic and intrathecal immune responses associated with symptomatic VZV reactivation including cessation of fingolimod and initiation of antiviral therapy. Key features in peripheral blood were an about two-fold increase of VZV-specific IgG at diagnosis of VZV reactivation as compared to the previous months, a relative enrichment of effector CD4+ T cells (36% versus mean 12% in controls), and an accelerated reconstitution of absolute lymphocytes counts including a normalized CD4+/CD8+ ratio and reappearance of CCR7+ T cells. In cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) the lymphocytic pleocytosis and CD4+/CD8+ ratios at diagnosis of reactivation and after nine days of fingolimod discontinuation remained unchanged. During this time CCR7+ T cells were not observed in CSF. Further research into fingolimod-associated VZV reactivation and immune reconstitution is mandatory to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with this potentially life-threatening condition.     

Social class, sense of control, and social explanation.

Lower social class is associated with diminished resources and perceived subordinate rank. On the basis of this analysis, the authors predicted that social class would be closely associated with a reduced sense of personal control and that this association would explain why lower class individuals favor contextual over dispositional explanations of social events. Across 4 studies, lower social class individuals, as measured by subjective socioeconomic status (SES), endorsed contextual explanations of economic trends, broad social outcomes, and emotion. Across studies, the sense of control mediated the relation between subjective SES and contextual explanations, and this association was independent of objective SES, ethnicity, political ideology, and self-serving biases. Finally, experimentally inducing a higher sense of control attenuated the tendency for lower subjective SES individuals to make more contextual explanations (Study 4). Implications for future research on social class as well as theoretical distinctions between objective SES and subjective SES are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Determination of oxidizing anions in explosive mixtures by phase transfer

Inorganic oxidizing agents are used in various explosive mixtures that are analysed by analytical chemists. Among them are dynamites, ANFO, black powder, match heads, pyrotechnical devices and home-made bombs. The crucial step in post explosion analysis is the extraction and purification of the explosive residues from the debris. A unique, fast and selective extraction technique for inorganic oxidizing agents is described in this paper. The debris are first extracted with water to yield an aqueous solution of the ions. Oxidizing anions such as nitrate and chlorate, are selectively transfered into the organic phase by the use of lipophilic quarternary ammonium cations. Other anions such as carbonate, sulphate and nitrite are not extracted into the organic phase under these conditions. The extracted anions are then identified by infra-red spectrometry and chemical spot tests.     

Entwicklung einer kontinuierlichen Mikrowellen‐Vakuumtrocknungsanlage mit hexagonalem Verfahrensraum

A continuous microwave vacuum drying processor with a hexagonal cross‐section of the cavity was constructed. Due to the geometry of the cavity and the continuous movement of the product, homogeneous microwave power absorption of the product can be favored. By the expansion and simultaneous dehydration of non‐expanded, starch‐based extrudates, the applicability of the constructed processor could be shown.     

A self-processing network model for relational databases

In this paper, a model which combines relational databases with self-processing networks is proposed in order to improve the performance of very large databases. The proposed model uses an approach which is radically different from all other distributed database models, where each computer processes a portion of the database. In the self-processing network model, the network structure which consists of nodes and connections, captures the data and the relationships by assigning them unique, connected control, and data nodes. The network activity is the mechanism that performs the relational algebra operations. No data transmission is needed, and since data nodes are common to all the relations, integrity and elimination of data redundancy are achieved. An extension of the model, by interconnecting the data nodes via weighted links, provides us with properties that are embedded in neural networks, such as fuzziness and learning.     

Buchbesprechungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Family ties in tough times: How young adults and their parents view the U.S. economic crisis.

The present intergenerational study examined the perceived impact of the recent U.S. economic crisis on a sample of 68 young adult–parent dyads. The relative contribution of perceived economic pressure, reports of adult child–parent relationship quality, and concerns about the economic future in accounting for variation in self-reports of psychological distress for adult children and their middle-aged parents were examined. Parents' concerns about their children's economic future accounted for variation in their reports of anxiety and depressed mood above and beyond that of perceived economic pressures and their views of the parent–child relationship. In contrast, for young adults, reports of personal economic pressure were generally related to self-reported anxiety and depressed mood. Implications of findings for research and practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)