纺织复合材料纤维预制体力学性能测试方法研究进展

纺织复合材料具有质量轻、强度高，可设计性强等诸多优势，在航空航天领域得到广泛应用。纺织预制体的纤维结构对复合材料的最终力学性能有着决定性影响。然而，预制体的纤维结构在织造过程中不可避免地会发生宏观尺寸和微细观结构的变形，甚至产生褶皱缺陷。纺织预制体作为一种柔性骨架，其变形机制十分复杂。采用试验测试来表征预制体的力学变形特性是最直接、最有效的方法，也是建立理论和数值分析模型的基础。本文对纺织复合材料预制体的拉伸、压缩、弯曲、剪切和成型试验等测试方法进行了综述，讨论了不同测试方法的优缺点及适用条件，对后续的研究工作进行了展望。本研究将为预制体力学测试技术的改进、测试标准的建立和成型过程中的准确控形提供理论指导，对纺织复合材料的结构设计和工程应用起到推动作用。     

行李箱外板浮动整形模设计

介绍了某轿车行李箱外板的翻边侧整形模设计过程,行李箱外板的侧法兰翻边上存在凹包,其翻边方向和凹包成形方向不同,常规需要2道工序分别完成翻边和凹包成形。该模具突破了传统的设计结构,在翻边机构中设置了凹包成形机构,将2个不同方向的成形复合到1道工序中,减少了模具数量,降低了冲压成本和工装成本。     

Meticulously tailoring phase boundary in KNN-based ceramics to enhance piezoelectricity and temperature stability

Although KNN-based ceramics with high electrical properties are obtained through a variety of strategies, the temperature sensitivity is still one of the key technical bottlenecks hindering practical applications. Here, we use a new strategy, meticulously tailoring phase boundary, to refine the ferroelectric boundary of KNN-based ceramics, leading to high piezoelectricity companied with improving temperature stability. The highest d₃₃ value in this system reaches 501 pC/N with a T_C ∼ 240°C, whereas a large strain of ∼0.134% can be kept with 10% lower deterioration until 100°C. The origin of high piezoelectricity is mainly attributed to the well-preserved multiphase coexistence and the appearance of nanodomains, which greatly facilitate the polarization rotation. Instead of the changed intrinsic thermal insensitivity, the precision phase boundary engineering plays an important role in strengthening the temperature stability of electric-induced strain. This work provides a simple and effective method to obtain both high electrical properties and excellent thermal stability in KNN-based ceramics, which is expected to promote the practical applications in the future.     

Research and Application of Plunger Airlift Draining Gas Recovery Intelligent Control Technology in Shale Gas Horizontal Wells

Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils - For shale gas wells, plunger lift is challenged by the difficulties like difficult tool tripping in and high operation risks due to the liquid phase...     

基于旋翼负压混合吸附的爬壁清洗机器人系统动力学性能研究

针对爬壁清洗机器人越障时,负压装置的吸附力下降导致吸附不稳定的问题,设计了一种旋翼负压混合吸附工作的多边形履带清洗机器人,并对爬行稳定性及越障性能进行了动力学分析。首先根据机器人爬壁的运动原理,建立机器人沿玻璃幕墙上的动力学模型,计算出电机理论驱动力矩;其次分析机器人在跨越障碍过程中的运动模型,结合与壁面接触的实际受力状态,对越障过程中关键阶段的本体倾翻、滑移两种失效形式进行运动学和动力学分析;然后根据玻璃幕墙实际的障碍高度,确定多边形履带的参数和理论驱动力矩的大小,并研制了实验样机进行爬行和越障试验,结果表明所设计的机器人具有良好的越障性能。     

Reaction environment self-modification on low-coordination Ni2+ octahedra atomic interface for superior electrocatalytic overall water splitting

Large scale synthesis of high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalyst based on cost-effective and earth-abundant transition metal for overall water splitting in the alkaline environment is indispensable for renewable energy conversion. In this regard, meticulous design of active sites and probing their catalytic mechanism on both cathode and anode with different reaction environment at molecular-scale are vitally necessary. Herein, a coordination environment inheriting strategy is presented for designing low-coordination Ni²⁺ octahedra (L-Ni-8) atomic interface at a high concentration (4.6 at.%). Advanced spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations reveal that the self-matching electron delocalization and localization state at L-Ni-8 atomic interface enable an ideal reaction environment at both cathode and anode. To improve the efficiency of using the self-modification reaction environment at L-Ni-8, all of the structural features, including high atom economy, mass transfer, and electron transfer, are integrated together from atomic-scale to macro-scale. At high current density of 500 mA/cm², the samples synthesized at gram-scale can deliver low hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotentials of 262 and 348 mV, respectively.

     

深海环境下浮力材料的力学性能研究

浮力材料凭借其优异的机械性能和低密度,在深海装备、航空航天及生活用品中的应用越来越广泛。将空心玻璃微珠填充环氧树脂基体中采用模压的方法制备了三种密度浮力材料,对产品全方位静水压(12.5MPa)作用后的力学性能、尺寸稳定性、吸水率等进行了测试。结果表明,浮力材料经过全方位静水压作用后,压缩性能基本没有变化,剪切强度保留率在95%以上,拉伸强度和冲击强度都有所提高,尺寸稳定性好,吸水率随着静水压作用时间的延长先快速升高后趋于稳定。     

来流马赫数影响高负荷扇形扩压叶栅气动性能的研究

为研究亚音速高负荷扇形扩压叶栅NACA0065-K48的变工况性能,采用数值方法研究了来流马赫数对叶栅气动性能和流场结构的影响,来流马赫数的取值范围为0.3～0.8。计算结果表明:随着来流马赫数的增大,叶栅静压比不断提高,但总压损失先减后增,马赫数在0.5～0.7范围内叶栅具有较好的综合气动性能。扇形叶栅下角区分离程度大于上角区的不平衡流动现象会随着马赫数的增大而加剧,通道涡则是这一发展趋势的主导,且马赫数达到0.7之后,下角区通道涡与集中脱落涡趋于融合。此外,下端壁分离螺旋点的形成与发展是控制下角区分离程度和损失大小的关键。     

Operando Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of Sodium–Oxygen Redox Reactions

Lower charge overpotential of sodium–oxygen (Na–O₂) batteries makes them a promising electrical storage technology. However, they have an undesirable discharge product, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), which has widely been found in many previous studies. Whether and how the carbon components in the cathode are involved in the formation of Na₂CO₃ is still not well understood. Herein, an all solid-state Na–O₂ battery was constructed and its charge and discharge cycles were studied using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The operando XPS results clearly demonstrate the formation of Na₂CO₃ on the cathode during the discharge cycle. A fraction of the carbonate formed can be cycled while charging the battery. Transformation of the carbon-based cathode to Na₂CO₃ is a potential cause of capacity fading of the Na–O₂ battery.     

多层圆片级堆叠THz硅微波导结构的制作

基于微电子机械系统(MEMS)工艺,提出一种多层圆片堆叠的THz硅微波导结构及其制作方法。为了验证该结构在制作THz无源器件中的优势,基于6层圆片堆叠的硅微波导结构,设计了一种中心频率365 GHz、带宽80 GHz的功率分配/合成结构,并对其进行了仿真。研究了制作该结构的工艺流程,攻克了工艺过程中的关键技术,包括硅深槽刻蚀技术和多层热压键合技术,并给出了工艺结果。最终实现了多层圆片堆叠功率分配/合成结构的工艺制作和测试。测试结果表明,尽管样品的插入损耗较仿真值增加3 dB左右,考虑到加工误差和夹具损耗等情况,样品主要技术指标与设计值较为一致。