超疏水涂层的制备及其在金属防腐领域的应用研究进展

由于超疏水材料表面的特殊结构和高疏水性，当其应用在金属表面时，能有效阻止金属基材与腐蚀介质的接触，从而大幅度地提高金属材料的耐腐蚀性能及使用寿命。首先对固体表面浸润理论以及超疏水材料的基础理论进行阐述；然后，介绍了在金属材料表面制备超疏水涂层的常用工艺技术；最后，总结并讨论了超疏水表面涂层在钢、铝和镁等金属材料上的近期发展与应用状况。     

Optical design of the Lyman alpha based beam emission spectroscopy(LAB)diagnostic on the HL-2A tokamak

In this article, we present the optical design of a novel diagnostic on the HL-2 A tokamak, i.e. the20-channel edge Lyman-alpha beam emission spectroscopy, which is a promising solution for edge density turbulence research on tokamaks, as it offers the possibility of density fluctuation measurement with a 3.3 mm spatial resolution while maintains a high temporal resolution of1 μs. The optical path, including the reflective collection optics, the high-dispersion spectrometer, and the linear detector array, is carefully optimized to obtain a good image quality and a high throughput. The maximum root mean square radius of the collection optics is 64 μm.The detected photon flux is estimated to be about 10~(11) photons/s/channel.     

Investigating measurements of fine particle (PM2.5) emissions from the cooking of meals and mitigating exposure using a cooker hood

There is growing awareness that indoor exposure to particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) is associated with an increased risk of adverse health effects. Cooking is a key indoor source of PM_2.5 and an activity conducted daily in most homes. Population scale models can predict occupant exposures to PM_2.5, but these predictions are sensitive to the emission rates used. Reported emission rates are highly variable and are typically for the cooking of single ingredients and not full meals. Accordingly, there is a need to assess PM_2.5 emissions from the cooking of complete meals. Mean PM_2.5 emission rates and source strengths were measured for four complete meals. Temporal PM_2.5 concentrations and particle size distributions were recorded using an optical particle counter (OPC), and gravimetric sampling was used to determine calibration factors. Mean emission rates and source strengths varied between 0.54—3.7 mg/min and 15—68 mg, respectively, with 95% confidence. Using a cooker hood (apparent capture efficiency > 90%) and frying in non‐stick pans were found to significantly reduce emissions. OPC calibration factors varied between 1.5 and 5.0 showing that a single value cannot be used for all meals and that gravimetric sampling is necessary when measuring PM_2.5 concentrations in kitchens.     

软围隔-气浮-原位反应器技术治理黑臭水体

新北区凤凰河薛家段属于黑臭水体.采用软围隔河道内截污技术+高效气浮岸上强化技术+河道原位反应器技术等组合技术对其进行治理.经过为期数月的调试和运行,主要水质指标均达到了地表水IV类(GB 3838-2002)标准.凤凰河薛家段水环境整治总投资约260万元,日常运维费用约22～45万元/年.     

基于有限元仿真的发泡硅橡胶老化规律研究

通过力学性能测试得到发泡硅橡胶应力应变曲线,结合Ogden(Foam) 3阶超弹本构模型,建立发泡硅橡胶静密封系统的有限元仿真模型,得到大压缩量下发泡硅橡胶的von Mises应力及接触压力分布情况。仿真结果表明:大压缩量下发泡硅橡胶对称中心线位置的von Mises应力、接触压力值较大,在橡胶边缘和靠近限位环处接触应力数值有突增。开展140℃热空气老化试验,测定老化后发泡硅橡胶应力应变曲线,结合有限元仿真模型分析发泡硅橡胶老化后von Mises应力、接触压力的变化规律。结果表明:经过热空气老化后,在一定载荷下发泡硅橡胶等效应力和接触压力均呈增大的趋势。     

拉深筋对板材变形特征和力学性能的影响研究

采用实验方法将金属板材拉过不同尺寸的拉深筋镶块，分析了拉深筋高度、圆角半径以及过筋次数对板材变形特征的影响规律，研究了过筋产生的预应变对板材后续力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：板材流过拉深筋后，流动方向上发生均匀的拉伸变形；过筋产生的预应变随着拉深筋高度增大而增大，随着圆角半径增大而减小，随着过筋次数增加而近似线性增大；预应变越大，材料后续屈服强度和抗拉强度越高，但后续延伸率越小，总延伸率随着预应变增大表现出先减小后增大的趋势。     

Radon and moisture impacts from interventions integrated with housing energy retrofits

Energy retrofits can reduce air exchange, raising the concern of whether indoor radon and moisture levels could increase. This pre/post-intervention study explored whether simple radon interventions implemented in conjunction with energy retrofits can prevent increases in radon and moisture levels. Treatment homes (n = 98) were matched with control (no energy retrofits or radon intervention) homes (n = 12). Control homes were matched by geographic location and foundation type. t-tests were used to determine whether post-energy retrofit radon and moisture level changes in treatment homes significantly differed from those in control homes. The radon interventions succeeded in preventing statistically significant increases in first floor radon using arithmetic (p = 0.749) and geometric means (p = 0.120). In basements, arithmetic (p = 0.060) and geometric (p = 0.092) mean radon levels statistically significantly increased, consistent with previous studies which found that basement radon levels may increase even if first floor levels remain unchanged. Changes in infiltration were related to changes in radon (p = 0.057 in basements; p = 0.066 on first floors). Only 58% of the change in infiltration was due to air sealing, with the rest due to weather changes. There was no statistically significant association between air sealing itself and radon levels on the first floor (p = 0.664). Moisture levels also did not significantly increase.     

加压酸浸法从烟化炉冰铜中浸出铜和镍的试验研究

烟化炉冰铜主要是采用烟化炉处理低品位铜、锡、镍、锌等物料时产生的中间产物，主要含铜、镍、铁、硫等元素，从中浸出铜和镍具有重要价值。采用加压酸浸法从烟化炉冰铜中浸出铜和镍，试验研究了时间、温度、氧分压、液固比、粒度等因素对铜、镍、铁浸出率的影响。试验结果表明：烟化炉冰铜粒度球磨至小于75μm、温度433K、时间3h、氧分压为0.6MPa、液固比4/1mL/g、木质素磺酸钠用量为2‰的优化条件下，铜、镍、铁浸出率分别平均为98.18%、98.42%和26.46%。     

基于EAHP的尾矿库溃坝风险多级模糊综合评价研究

针对尾矿库溃坝风险评价中存在群决策的主观随意性和语言模糊不确定性等问题，建立了基于可拓层次分析法（Extension Analytic Hierarchy Process， EAHP）的尾矿库溃坝风险多级模糊综合评价模 型。采用可拓区间判断矩阵全面客观地描述了各位专家对该尾矿库溃坝风险评价指标权重的模糊意见和偏好，利用各位专家与专家组意见的偏差比重确定各位专家的重要性系数，并引入一致性系数[α]和[θ]处理可 拓综合区间判断矩阵R，进而确定指标权重系数[ωj]，凸显了各位专家在尾矿库溃坝风险群决策中的不同作用，简化了可拓区间判断矩阵一致性检验过程，提高了指标权重的准确性。将建立的尾矿库溃坝风险多级模 糊综合评价模型应用于杨家湾尾矿库溃坝风险评价中。评价结果表明：该尾矿库的溃坝风险等级为安全，且坝体失稳和洪水漫顶对该尾矿库的安全影响较大，与杨家湾尾矿库日常管理的实际情况相符。该方法有效解 决了尾矿库溃坝风险分析中的权重群决策问题，既避免了专家意见的遗失，又降低了专家主观判断的随意性对评价结果带来的不利影响，提高了尾矿库溃坝风险分析的有效性。