Effects of non-thermal plasma treating wheat kernel on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles

The effects of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles ( FWN) were investigated. The results showed that NTP effectively decreased the total plate count (TPC), yeast and mould count (YMC) and Bacillus spp. in wheat flour. Wet gluten contents and the stability time reached the maximum when treated for 20 s. The viscosity of starch increased significantly after treatment due to the increased of damaged starch. The contents of secondary structure were altered to some extent, which was because that the ordered network structure of gluten protein broken. Furthermore, compared with the control, texture properties of FWN were enhanced significantly at 20 s, and the darkening rate of FWN was greatly inhibited due to the low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Consequently, the most suitable treatment was 500 W for 20 s, providing a basis for the application of NTP in flour products.     

泸县6.0级地震文化遗产震害调查与分析

2021年9月16日，四川省泸县发生6.0级地震，对当地的文化遗产造成了不同程度的损坏。为掌握文化遗产在此次地震中的破坏情况，对古建筑、古桥、渡槽、摩崖造像、古遗址以及可移动文物进行震害调查，分析破坏原因，提出不同文化遗产的震害等级，并统计其在此次地震中破坏占比。研究结果表明：古建筑中木结构的震害较轻，砖木结构和石木结构的损伤较为严重，表现为墙体开裂、倾斜、倒塌和屋面损毁等破坏；古桥的桥面板产生裂缝和起壳，桥头堡基石发生移位；摩崖造像发生开裂、石像脱落，部分岩石发生坠落；古遗址的原有缝隙增大，石砌墙歪闪或倾斜；可移动文物与陈列台连接的金属卡件在地震下崩落。根据震害调查结果，将文化遗产的震害划分为4个等级，并对古建筑的维修与加固、摩崖造像的一体化监测、古桥的维护与应急抢险、可移动文物的隔震保护提出几点建议，为我国文化遗产的抗震保护提供参考。     

Mechanical properties of biomimetic ceramic with Bouligand architecture

Biomimetic Bouligand architecture is constructed in the ceramic to improve its toughness. Firstly, unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced ZrB₂-SiC ceramic films are achieved through a vacuum-assisted filtration method using graphene oxide. Then, ceramic films are helically assembled at a fixed angle of 30° in the graphite die based on the fiber orientation. Finally, the spark plasma sintering method was utilized to densify helical assembly carbon fiber/ceramic films. By constructing Bouligand structure, high fracture toughness (7.4 MPa·m^0.5) and work of fracture (∼1055 J/m²) are achieved in ZrB₂-based ceramic. The toughening mechanisms mainly are crack deflection, twisting and branching, carbon fiber pulling out, and bridging.     

半煤岩巷道联合支护方案与应用

以寺河矿南区回风大巷为工程背景,在分析巷道地质条件的基础上,通过理论计算分析了锚杆及锚索的主要支护参数,并确定了锚杆及锚索的型号;结合以往的生产实践经验,确定了巷道联合支护方案.实践表明,巷道支护方案合理,可以满足安全生产要求.     

济阳坳陷下古生界潜山油气藏特征及成藏模式

济阳坳陷下古生界潜山具有多样性、复杂性的特点，潜山差异性的形成演化、油气成藏主控因素和控藏模式不明确，严重制约了该区潜山油气勘探。在潜山分类的基础上，综合利用系统恢复、分类对比和典型解剖等方法，揭示了济阳坳陷下古生界不同类型潜山的形成演化过程和油气成藏主控因素差异性，分类建立了油气成藏模式。研究表明，济阳坳陷下古生界主要发育高位新盖侵蚀残丘潜山、中位古盖拉张断块潜山、中位新古盖拉张剪切断块潜山、中位中古盖挤压拉张断块潜山和低位古盖拉张滑脱断块潜山5种潜山类型。不同类型潜山的形成演化和油气成藏各具特色，其中，高位新盖侵蚀残丘潜山的发育受隆升、侵蚀作用控制，油气成藏主要受控于油源和盖层条件，表现为"单向供烃、砂体-不整合岩溶体联合输导、残丘控藏"的成藏模式；中位古盖拉张断块潜山的发育受掀斜、断裂作用控制，油气成藏主要受控于储集条件，表现为"单向供烃、顺向断层输导、反向断层控藏"的成藏模式；中位新古盖拉张剪切断块潜山的发育受反转、翘倾和走滑切割作用控制，油气成藏主要受控于输导条件，表现为"多源供烃、断溶体立体输导、断裂控藏"的成藏模式；中位中古盖挤压拉张断块潜山的形成受强烈挤压、拉张滑脱作用控制，油气成藏主要受控于储集条件，表现为"多源供烃、断缝体输导、断褶控藏"的成藏模式；低位古盖拉张滑脱断块潜山的形成受强烈拉张滑脱作用控制，油气成藏主要受控于输导条件，表现为"顶部供烃、断缝体输导、断裂控藏"的成藏模式。     

Pre-strain effect of on fracture performance of high-strength steel welds

Fracture toughness of pre-strain effect was determined as a function of the temperature in structural steels of the 600 to 780 MPa class. Cyclic loading during earthquakes produces pre-strain in the component, which is enhanced at the region of strain concentration. During the Kobe Great Earthquake in 1995 in Japan, 10 to 15 % pre-strain was recorded at the beam-to-column connection. The relationship between critical CTOD and CGHAZ length was sampled by fatigue pre-crack for pre-strained HAZ, which is a significant decrease compared to that of the base metal. Furthermore, the effect of pre-strain is discussed in terms of the CTOD and Charpy impact energy of the local brittle zone.     

An engineering method for complex structural optimization involving both size and topology design variables

This work presents an engineering method for optimizing structures made of bars, beams, plates, or a combination of those components. Corresponding problems involve both continuous (size) and discrete (topology) variables. Using a branched multipoint approximate function, which involves such mixed variables, a series of sequential approximate problems are constructed to make the primal problem explicit. To solve the approximate problems, genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to optimize discrete variables, and when calculating individual fitness values in GA, a second-level approximate problem only involving retained continuous variables is built to optimize continuous variables. The solution to the second-level approximate problem can be easily obtained with dual methods. Structural analyses are only needed before improving the branched approximate functions in the iteration cycles. The method aims at optimal design of discrete structures consisting of bars, beams, plates, or other components. Numerical examples are given to illustrate its effectiveness, including frame topology optimization, layout optimization of stiffeners modeled with beams or shells, concurrent layout optimization of beam and shell components, and an application in a microsatellite structure. Optimization results show that the number of structural analyses is dramatically decreased when compared with pure GA while even comparable to pure sizing optimization.