Preliminary Design of Neutron Flux and Spectrum Diagnostics in NT-TBM

A special neutron diagnostic system is proposed that facilitates the measurement of neutron fluxes and spectra in the neutronics and tritium production-test blanket module （NTTBM） without interrupting the operation of the International Thermal-nuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER）, for studying the multiplication rate in the neutron multiplier and breeding ratio of tritium in the breeder. This system includes an encapsulated foil activation system, micro-fission chamber detectors （MFC）, and a compact neutron spectrometer using a natural diamond detector （NDD）. A helium coolant loop with a reasonable diameter is designed carefully for every measurement channel that ensures that the neutron detectors and preamplifiers would work well under a high temperature scenario and that the filling rates of the neutron multiplier （beryllium pebble） and tritium breeder material （Li4SiO4） would not decrease excessively （the expected value〉80%） due to the dimensions of the helium coolant loop.     

磁约束聚变“点火”装置中聚变中子测量

概述了大、中型托卡马克在D-D和D-T运行条件下聚变中子能谱和强度的测量的最新方法;推介了几种最新的聚变中子探测器和能谱仪及活化分析方法;评估了各种聚变中子探测器和能谱仪的优势,适用的范围和技术方面的局限性。对即将建成的HL-2A(中环流器二号A型)托卡马克的聚变中子的泄漏能谱和辐射强度的时、空分辨测量以及研究聚变中子在通过中子倍增剂过程中的能谱变化,在探测器方面提供了几种可供选择的技术方案。     

In-situ Calibration Techniques and Preliminary Assessment of Accuracy for NFM on ITER

Absolutely calibrated measurements of the neutron yields which need to cover both D-D and D-T phase of the international thermal-nuclear experimental reactor （ITER） are important for the evaluation of fusion power and fusion gain Q in D-D and D-T operations. This paper describes the in-situ calibration techniques and methods, the neutron sources including ^252Cf and neutron generator for calibration, the preliminary accuracy assessment and the error analyses. In addition, some difficult problems regarding the in situ calibration for the neutron flux monitor （NFM） on ITER are presented and discussed.     

硅漂移(SDD)阵列探测器X射线能谱测量诊断

采用最新的SDD探测器阵列测量HL-2A托卡马克等离子体软X射线(1～20keV)辐射的能谱,获得电子温度、Zeff、重金属杂质含量绝对值及其时、空分布。由于SDD探测器较之传统的Si(Li)探测器有体积小、计数率高(≥10^6／S),能量分辨和量子效率高,不需液氮冷却的特点,并采用高速ADC和海量缓存器,电子温度测量的时、空分辨能力接近汤姆逊散射和ECE等方法．而测量精确度、使用寿命、造价、抗干扰能力、适应性等方面优于后者．且信息获取量大,可获得多种等离子体参数而备受重视,是一种最先进的诊断手段。     

Development of Prototype Neutron Flux Monitor for ITER

The prototype neutron flux monitor consists of a high purity 235U fission chamber detector and a “blank” detector, which is a fissile material free detector with the same dimension as the fission chamber detector to identify noise issues such as noise coming from gamma rays. The main parameters of the fission chamber assembly that have been measured in the laboratory are confirmed to approach the technological level of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in the near future. This prototype neutron flux monitor will be further developed to become a neutron flux monitor suitable for the operation phase of D-D fusion on the ITER.     

碘化汞探测器及其对HL-1M装置中X射线辐射测量

本文叙述新研制的以高纯度碘化汞晶体为基片的低噪声、高探测效率、高计数率、较高能量分辨率，常温状态下运行的ＨｇＩ２半导体探测器的特点，以及特制的电荷灵敏前放和主放大器组成的探测系统对ＨＬ－１Ｍ托卡马克在欧姆加热、低杂波电流驱动、外加径向电场以及激光吹气掺杂等实验条件下，来自等离子体心部的硬Ｘ射线辐射进行测量，得到辐射强度和能谱随时间的变化等实验结果，并对实验结果作了初步的解释。     

5×1024×10高速核辐射能谱获取系统研制

在磁约束聚变实验装置的物理实验中，为了测量高温等离子体箱射的某特定能量区域的X射线或其他核箱射能谱的时、空分布，需要在托卡马克的板向和环向方向布置多台X射线探测器，每次放电可同时获得数十个能谱，为了不牺牲能谱中的重要信息(如线辐射)．以及能量分辨的需要，要求每个能谱有1024道，每个谱采集的时间分为：40、80、160、240ms，可自由设定，每道容量16位，每次放电可同时获得50个能谱，可扩展到80个能谱。     

HgI_2探测器阵列测量HL-1M中15～150kev X射线辐射

在磁约束聚变高温等离子体的诊断实验中高能硬X射线、低能软X射线辐射的诊断方法     

三探头Si（Li）探测器对HL—1M装置中电子温度和重金属杂？…

本文叙述了用三探头Ｓｉ（Ｌｉ）漂移探测器测量ＨＬ－１Ｍ托卡马克芯部等离子体辐射的软Ｘ射线能谱，得到等离子体温度及重金属杂质水平随时间变化，其时间分辨达５０ｍｓ，探测系统的测量范围１．２５￣２５ｋｅＶ之间。     

双光束低能单色X光机及其性能测试

软X和超软X射线辐射测量在核物理、高能物理、天体物理、核爆炸及受控热核聚变研究中起着重要作用。近年来,这些工作在国内外发展相当迅速,相继出现了多种探测器和新的诊断手段。但是这需要单色软X射线源作为刻度源和信号源,能量低于5keV以下,半衰期较长的源已找不到。在国外曾采用高能加速器中带电粒子的同步辐射作为软X和超软X射线源,但需要将探测系统搬到同步回旋辐射中心进行刻度或标定。这不仅费用高昂而且也未必方便,因此,研制在实验室内使用的小型低能X射线源是可取的,在国外相继研制了冷阴极X射线源、低能质子打靶X射线源、小型激光束打靶X时线