基于模式理论光栅椭偏参数反演的数值模拟

将一种广泛用于求解系统优化问题的方法——正单纯形法，求解光栅的椭偏方程。首先，利用求解光栅的傅立叶模式理论对TE和TM波的复反射系数进行求解。然后计算出其相应的椭偏参数(△，Ψ)，并在该值的基础上加入不同偏差的随机高斯噪声，将加入噪声后的值(△m，Ψm)作为模拟测量值。最后使用优化算法进行反演。通过对几种常用面形光栅椭偏参数的数值模拟，一方面表明傅立叶模式理论计算光栅的椭偏参数不仅精度高。而且速度快；另一方面表明利用正单纯形法得到的光栅参数值很接近于正演时假设的参数值，从而从理论上证明了利用椭偏法测量光栅各种光学参数的可行性。     

一种确定高窄带滤光片峰值波长的方法

本文介绍一种主动式高窄带滤光片峰值波长的测量方法。该方法可以有效的测量出窄带滤光片的敏感波长，而不需要太复杂的设备。通过染料激光谐振腔的模式竞争，可以测量出滤光片的透射或反射波的波长。     

高压缩弹性垫层对复式碳纤维加固PCCP的应变影响分析

在PCCP内部粘贴复式碳纤维是一种新型的PCCP补强加固技术。为了研究不同管径及高压缩弹性垫层厚度对复式碳纤维加固PCCP的效果,本文通过建立6种管径和4种厚度垫层的复式碳纤维加固PCCP有限元模型,得到在不同内水压力和预应力钢丝断丝等工况下,垫层对复式碳纤维加固PCCP的应变影响。计算结果表明,采用5 mm厚度垫层的复式碳纤维加固PCCP,碳纤维环向应变增加了8～16倍;在0.6 MPa正常内水压力作用下,混凝土内壁环向应变的改善比例在11.5%～38.7%之间。管径越小,复式碳纤维加固效果越显著。对2.6 m管径PCCP进行复式碳纤维加固计算表明,随着垫层厚度的增加,碳纤维环向应变大幅提高,混凝土环向应变也得到显著改善。本文的研究成果为复式碳纤维加固PCCP的设计提供了参考依据。     

曲面零件拉深筋结构参数的优化

以曲面零件悬空区上径向最大拖动阻力为优化的目标函数，在模具几何约束、压筋时不诱发外皱、完全包筋等条件下，建立了拉深筋结构参数优化的数学模型。对拉深筋的高度H、圆角半径Rn、位置半径Rj、凹槽入口圆角半径rd等参数进行了优化，从而为合理选择拉深筋的参数提供了依据。文中还以实例进行了示算。     

单组分聚脲材料在寒冷地区某大坝溢流面防护中的应用

水利水电工程泄洪建筑物表面经常遭受高速含沙水流或携带推移质的冲刷,经过一段时间的运行,往往会出现不同程度的磨损及气蚀破坏,采用性能优越的水工混凝土抗冲耐磨材料修复和防护尤为重要。本文通过单组分聚脲材料性能试验揭示了材料的特点,介绍了其在新疆某大坝溢流面防护中的应用情况,其处理技术对类似工程具有良好的借鉴意义。     

Effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals on nitrogen release during temperature programmed pyrolysis of coal

Formation of HCN, NH₃, and N₂ during fixed-bed pyrolysis at 10K min⁻¹ has been studied using coal samples after partial demineralization followed by addition of metal hydroxides from aqueous systems. Without additives, NH₃ is the predominant product at ≤ 700°C, showing the two peaks in the formation rate profile, whereas N₂ is the only product at ≥ 800°C. The presence of NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH)₂ promotes considerable NH₃ formation between 450 and 600°C, but in contrast suppresses HCN formation in this region. The Ca shows the largest effect on both the promotion and suppression. It is likely that the NH₃ increased by Ca addition arises partly from HCN, but mainly from secondary reactions of tar-N. These hydroxides affect N₂ formation in quite different manners: the Na decreases the rate between 700 and 950°C, and the K changes it less significantly than the Na, but the Ca remarkably increases the rate in a low temperature region of 550–700°C. These different features are discussed in terms of solid-phase reactions of alkali metal carbonates with char-N and secondary decomposition reactions of tar-N on CaO particles. As a result, total conversion of coal-N to HCN, NH₃ and N₂ up to 1000°C increases in the sequence of Na < none < K < Ca.     

Preparation and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported PtRu catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

A series of PtRu nanocomposites supported on H₂O₂-oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized via two chemical reduction methods—one used aqueous formaldehyde (HCHO method) and the other used ethylene glycol (EG method) as the reducing agents. The effects of the solvents (water and ethylene glycol) and the surface composition of the MWCNTs on the deposition and the dispersion of the metal particles were investigated using N₂ adsorption, TEM, ICP-AES, FTIR and TPD. The wetting heats of the MWCNTs in corresponding solvents were also measured. The characterizations suggest that combination of the surface chemistry of the MWCNTs with the solvents decides the deposition and the dispersion of the metal nanoparticles. These nanocomposites were evaluated as proton exchange membrane fuel cell anode catalysts for oxidation of 50 ppm CO contaminated hydrogen and compared with a commercial PtRu/C catalyst. The data reveal superior performances for the nanocomposites prepared by the EG method to those by the HCHO method and even to that for the commercial analogue. Structure–performance relationship of the nanocomposites was also studied.     

Demineralization of a UK bituminous coal using HF and ferric ions

A UK bituminous coal has been used to study demineralization by two-stage chemical leaching. The first-stage uses hydrofluoric acid (HF) at 65 °C and reduces the ash content from 5.30 wt% to 1.37 wt% by mainly removing Al and Si containing minerals. Subsequent leaching by ferric ions decreases the ash content further to 990 ppm by removing most of the pyrite and fluorides formed during the HF leaching. Calorific value of the coal shows no change following leaching, which suggests no oxidation is occurring to the coal carbonaceous matrix. The mercury and sulfur contents after the two-stage leaching sequence decrease by 40% and 26%, respectively.     

对四端忆阻器的建模及其电路仿真

在传统二端忆阻器的理论基础上,提出了一种四端忆阻器的模型.该器件的4个端口分别对应于MOS场效应晶体管的栅、源、漏和衬底4个极,可以代替数字电路中的MOS晶体管实现电路功能.利用Verilog-A对该模型的电学特性进行了描述,在Hspice软件环境中利用该模型构建了与非、或非等逻辑电路以及1 bit数据的1R-1R随机存取电路,并搭建外围电路对其进行了功能验证,在仿真层面实现了四端忆阻器在数字电路方面的简单应用,实验结果符合预期.作为一种纳米器件,与MOS晶体管相比,四端忆阻器的尺寸更小、功耗更低.在CMOS工艺尺寸渐渐趋于极限的今天,对四端忆阻器的应用是一个具有一定合理性的发展方向.     

基于正交试验、BP神经网络和遗传算法的冷挤压模具优化设计方法

以桑塔纳L45449汽车轮毂轴承内圈为例,建立汽车轮毂轴承内圈冷挤压模具简化模型,运用Deform-3D软件对零件成形过程进行仿真,对挤压过程中的行程载荷和模具磨损进行分析,并据此给出模具优化设计约束条件和优化目标,提出了一套结合正交实验法、BP人工神经网络和遗传算法的模具优化设计方法,对冷挤压汽车轮毂轴承内圈模具进行优化,并对优化结果进行有限元验证.结果表明:优化结果与仿真分析结果相近,最大行程载荷相对误差为4.55%,凹模磨损量绝对误差为0.06μm,提出的优化设计方法能有效缩短模具设计周期,降低模具制造成本.