Metabolic Profiling of VOCs Emitted by Bacteria Isolated from Pressure Ulcers and Treated with Different Concentrations of Bio-AgNPs

Considering the advent of antibiotic resistance, the study of bacterial metabolic behavior stimulated by novel antimicrobial agents becomes a relevant tool to elucidate involved adaptive pathways. Profiling of volatile metabolites was performed to monitor alterations of bacterial metabolism induced by biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were isolated from pressure ulcers, and their cultures were prepared in the presence/absence of bio-AgNPs at 12.5, 25 and 50 µg mL⁻¹. Headspace solid phase microextraction associated to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was the employed analytical platform. At the lower concentration level, the agent promoted positive modulation of products of fermentation routes and bioactive volatiles, indicating an attempt of bacteria to adapt to an ongoing suppression of cellular respiration. Augmented response of aldehydes and other possible products of lipid oxidative cleavage was noticed for increasing levels of bio-AgNPs. The greatest concentration of agent caused a reduction of 44 to 80% in the variety of compounds found in the control samples. Pathway analysis indicated overall inhibition of amino acids and fatty acids routes. The present assessment may provide a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms of bio-AgNPs and how the metabolic response of bacteria is untangled.     

某高校既有建筑室内人员相关VOCs目标污染物的实测分析

为研究高校既有建筑室内人群散发对室内VOCs的影响，对高校不同人群样本的教室及会议室两类典型人群密集房间，共82个人群样本对象进行了VOCs采样分析，得到不同实际场景下的人员相关的VOCs浓度水平，并对其潜在的影响因素进行分析。结果表明，共确认了29种与室内人员相关的高检出率且较高浓度值的物质，包括芳香族化合物9种，烷烯烃类9种，酮类和醛类8种，醇酯类以及卤化物3种，并得到主要VOCs物质的浓度水平和I/O比。对影响因素的统计分析表明，室内人员密度、季节和房间类型对不同VOCs物质存在显著性影响，其中季节性因素对目标VOCs污染物影响最为广泛，其次是房间类型与室内人员密度。该研究可为进一步了解人员密集室内VOCs污染现状及控制策略提供一定的科学参考。     

便携式飞行时间质谱仪的研制及其在石化污水系统挥发性有机物监测中的应用

近年来，国内的大气污染问题越来越严重，挥发性有机物（VOCs）的排放是其中一个重要原因。VOCs是臭氧和气溶胶的前驱物之一，在大气化学反应过程中扮演着极其重要的角色。本实验自行研制了一台基于真空紫外（VUV）灯的高分辨光电离飞行时间质谱仪（TOF MS），建立了一种新的VOCs稀释采样方法，并将其应用于石化行业污水处理系统VOCs的采样与分析。结果表明：隔油系统的3个池子基本没有测到高浓度的挥发性有机物，其中溶气气浮甲苯物质的质量浓度最高，为50.41 mg/L，其余组分的质量浓度大多数在0.1~1.0 mg/L之间；1#加氢和2#加氢隔油池有着类似的组分浓度，以1#加氢隔油池为例，二甲苯物质的质量浓度为10.60 mg/L，乙苯为52.33 mg/L，苯为59.80 mg/L；由于罐区隔油池没有加盖，处于露天状态，挥发性有机物气体容易向大气中扩散，并没有检测出较高浓度组分。可以看出，新式采样方法可有效地稀释定量样品，操作简便，减少了样品因闪蒸过程造成的VOCs损失，检出物质更丰富；同时，使用自行研制的TOF MS仪器能够快速检测不同装置污水处理系统的VOCs种类，将该仪器用于实际样品检测，发现化工企业大多数密闭的池子都含有苯系物、醚类等，但不同工艺的污水处理系统VOCs存在明显差异。该质谱仪适用于石化企业污水系统VOCs监测。     

Mn-containing catalytic materials for the total combustion of toluene: The role of Mn localisation in the structure of LDH precursor

Mg/Mn/Al mixed oxide systems of similar atomic ratios close to 2/0.5/1 were obtained by calcination of Mg,Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) type precursors containing Mn either in the cationic form within the brucite layer or as permanganate anions in the interlayer. The materials were characterised with PXRD, thermal analysis, XPS, ESR, TPR and BET. In mixed oxides derived from interlayer-doped precursor PXRD identified MgO–MnO solid solution and poorly crystalline Al-rich spinel phase, while those obtained from layer-doped LDH contained a better crystalline Mn-rich spinel. Surface of both materials was covered with poorly crystalline and/or amorphous Mn⁴⁺-containing phases. Higher reducibility of this surface coat in calcined layer-doped catalyst, as compared to interlayer-doped one, was attributed to the differences in the nature of underlying crystalline phases, and was considered the chief reason for the higher catalytic activity of this catalyst in the total oxidation of toluene.     

Catalytic feasibility of Ce-doped LaCoO3 systems for chlorobenzene oxidation: An analysis of synthesis method

A family of Ce-doped LaCoO₃ perovskites are presented as possible catalysts for Cl–VOCs elimination. These materials with different contents of Ce were obtained through the citrate and the reactive grinding methods. The insertion of Ce in the original perovskite structure favours the presence of Co²⁺/Co³⁺ and Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox pairs and a higher content of oxygen vacancies that enhances the catalytic performance in chlorobenzene combustion based on differential kinetics studies. The family obtained by the grinding method presents a performance as high as that synthesized by citrate method. Thus, the reactive grinding is a feasible green chemistry alternative to obtain a catalyst with the same performance as that obtained from traditional methods. Finally, the stability of samples was evaluated under total combustion reaction conditions showing an excellent activity during 45 h time on stream.     

催化燃烧与催化剂材料在VOCs治理方面研究进展

介绍了VOCs对人类环境和健康造成的危害。概述了工业应用中常用于治理有机废气的催化燃烧技术的基本原理、特点及相关催化剂的研究现状，指出此类催化剂应朝着提高低温活性、热稳定性、抗毒能力和价格低廉的方向发展。     

卟啉和金属卟啉配合物的合成及其在传感器中的应用

气敏材料是气体（化学）传感器的核心部位,直接影响传感器的稳定性、选择性、灵敏度和响应时间等各种性能。卟啉与金属卟啉配合物具有优良的气敏性能,目前国内外卟啉与金属卟啉传感器已应用于VOCs的检测。该文介绍了卟啉及其结构、合成方法、卟啉和金属卟啉配合物的合成及影响因素;卟啉和金属卟啉在传感器中的应用和对挥发性有机气体的检测原理。     

Emission inventory of VOCs from mobile sources in a metropolitan region

Based on methodologies developed by US EPA, European EMEP/CORINAIR, and Australian NPI, and the former emission inventory in Korea, two methods were applied to 151 villages in northeastern Seoul, Korea to estimate emission of VOCs from line and area vehicle sources depending on vehicle types with different fuel types. A discharge coefficient method for the line source on the Eastern main road was calculated by multiplying the emission amounts per unit of mileage, and a fuel exhaust coefficient method for the area vehicle sources on other roads was determined as multiplying the emission rates by the actual consumption of excess fuel. Results indicated the methods could be adequate for estimating the amounts of mobile emissions when limited information on mobile emission is available. The methods can be used to develop the emission model for all VOCs emission sources (point and non-point sources), which provides input data of atmospheric models.     

Modeling of photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs in a packed bed reactor under continuous and discontinuous illuminations

In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to describe the photocatalytic degradation of VOCs in a packed bed reactor. Here, the adsorption of VOCs on the wall of the reactor is taken into account and the diffusion of VOCs in the axial direction is neglected. First-order kinetics is used to describe the photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs. The analytical solution of the present model is obtained by traveling wave method. The solution shows that the reactor performance is totally dependent on the inlet concentration of VOCs when the time is large enough. The present model is validated through the experimental result of the photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene in a packed bed and the predicted results accord well with the experimental data. The influence of flow rate and inlet concentration on the performance of the reactor is discussed in detail. High flow rate offers high reaction rate and low conversion efficiency. The different inlet conditions and different reaction patterns are also investigated. The model would be useful to estimate the rate constant and help to the design of the reactor.     

负载型Au催化剂的研究进展

金一直被认为是一种相对惰性的化学元素，但是近年来的研究发现，金催化剂对于CO及VOCs的低温氧化表现出很高的催化活性。本文综述了近年来金催化剂研究的进展情况，系统介绍了金催化剂的制备方法，以及金催化剂在不同反应中的催化活性和反应的机理。