基于词性特征的明喻识别及要素抽取方法

比喻是一种利用事物之间的相似点建立关系的修辞方式。明喻是比喻中最常见的形式,具有明显的喻词,例如"像",用于关联本体和喻体。近年来高考语文散文类鉴赏题中多有考查明喻句的试题,为了解答此类鉴赏题,需要识别比喻句中的本体和喻体要素。该文提出了基于词性特征的明喻识别及要素抽取方法。首先将句子中词向量化表示与词性特征向量化表示进行融合,将融合后的向量输入到BiLSTM中进行训练,然后利用CRF解码出全局最优标注序列;最后得到明喻识别和要素抽取的结果。公开数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法优于已有的单任务方法;同时也将该文方法应用于北京高考语文鉴赏题中比喻句的识别与要素抽取,验证了方法的可行性。     

An experiment for showing some kind of artificial understanding

In this paper we design an experiment which can be depicted as a simple scenario, a very limited 'world'. In this world, there are an actor that can pursue a project and an observer that is keeping its eyes on the actor. We try to show in the experiment that the observer can to some degree understand the actor based on its knowledge and some metaphors, i.e. understand what the actor is doing and why. As the conclusion of this experiment, we try to show some features of 'understanding'. These are (1) that 'understanding' has to be based on some preliminary knowledge; (2) that 'understanding' is a process of incremental learning; (3) that, as for symbolic systems, some metaphors are necessary for mapping real entities into concepts in mind.     

Review of Forms of feeling: The heart of psychotherapy.

Reviews the book, Forms of feeling: The heart of psychotherapy by Robert F. Hobson. Robert Hobson calls this book his autobiography as a therapist. As such it provides interesting glimpses into some of his more meaningful sessions with clients, illuminating his approach to therapy and enabling the reader to see a master therapist at work. Hobson also presents a new method of therapy, which he calls the conversational model. On this level, his book is considerably less satisfying. Hobson succinctly outlines the general principles of the conversational model and basic skills required of the therapist, but in so doing offers essentially little new information, however valid the points may be. According to Hobson, the conversational model is designed for clients whose problems arise from disturbances in their significant relationships, and those problems are best solved not by talking about them but by being in a relationship such as therapy that provides "a special kind of friendship." Hobson puts great stress on the use of metaphorical language in therapy and learning how to use the language of art as well as of science. He relies heavily on literary quotations, prefacing each section with one or two, and liberally interspersing many more within the pages of text. The net result is not so much illuminating as it is wearisome, and the general tone is slightly pretentious and, when Hobson addresses his "dear Reader" directly, somewhat condescending. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

英语隐喻性词义的认知心理透视

从认知心理学视角探讨、分析英语隐喻性词义的认知和思维过程,揭示了隐喻对词义形成的影响,从而说明词的比喻意义是词汇原始意义的引申,是词语在原始意义基础上所进行的深层语义联想和推测.此外,用实例说明隐喻性词义是跨域映射的结果,相似性和类比思维起至关重要的作用.词的隐喻用法增强了语言表达的生动性和形象性.     

从文化视角看英汉饮食隐喻差异

隐喻不仅是一种修辞手法,而且是一种思维方式和文化反映。英、汉语中存在大量饮食隐喻,英汉饮食隐喻虽有共性,但更多的是存在差异。探讨英汉饮食隐喻存在的差异以及引起这些差异的文化原因,对加深认识隐喻、了解中西文化差异以及成功进行跨文化交际具有积极的意义。     

基于语料库的英语味觉域形容词谓语构式及隐喻拓展

认知语言学的涉身体验观对语言研究产生了重大影响,与人类基本体验相关的身体部位、空间和感知等受到前所未有的关注.以概念隐喻理论和基于使用的构式理论为基础,选取英语味觉域的四个形容词（sour,sweet,bitter,spicy）为研究对象,运用Sketch Engine检索工具分析它们在BNC语料库中的主体分布和谓语句构式.研究发现：英语形容词谓语句构式的单一性（SCC结构）使得味觉域形容词意义的拓展在很大程度上依赖隐喻机制,形容词原型体验的差异导致了隐喻拓展的不同,形容词谓语句构式对隐喻拓展会产生一定的激励和限制作用.     

从隐喻和转喻的视角看待人体词“nose”认知语义网络及启示

一词多义是语言中非常重要的语言现象,具有重要的研究价值。对典型人体词"nose"的一词多义的认知研究,不仅有利于揭示词义拓展的基本规律、词义拓展的认知机制,而且对于揭示认知主体的思维模式和认知特点也具有重要的意义。从认知的角度对作为修辞手段的隐喻和转喻进行了新的探索,指出二者不仅是重要的思维模式和认知手段,也是一词多义的认知机制。通过一词多义的词义网络,揭示出词义的拓展不是任意的,隐喻和转喻在词义拓展过程中是相互交织的,进一步证实语言不是自治的、封闭的系统,从而在一定程度上驳斥了索绪尔的语言"任意说"的观点。     

经济语篇中多模态隐喻的构建——以《经济学人》封面漫画为例

作为认知语言学的研究新趋势,多模态隐喻不仅存在于语言中,还通过其他诸如图像、隐喻、声音和手势等沟通形式表现出来。以《经济学人》封面漫画为例,从认知语言学视角探讨多模态隐喻的构建,试图阐释不同的模态,例如图像,文字,排版,甚至颜色如何互相作用以及共同构建语篇,从而展现经济语篇中文字-图像的关系以及多模态隐喻的实现。     

工作记忆及语言水平对英语学习者隐喻理解的影响

本研究旨在探讨工作记忆广度和语言水平差异在中国英语学习者对隐喻句这一特定句型理解的影响。通过英语工作记忆广 度、英语语言水平及英语隐喻理解的研究测试发现,中国英语学习者的英语工作记忆广度、英语语言水平与其隐喻理解能力高度 相关,工作记忆和语言水平高低两组t 检验结果均呈显著性差异。工作记忆广度及语言水平是影响中国英语学习者隐喻理解的两 大因素,故英语学习者可以通过知识面拓展及工作记忆训练来提高自己的隐喻理解能力。