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排序方式: 共有9619条查询结果,搜索用时 921 毫秒
1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(6):3906-3917
The current trends in energy were described, the main of which is the use of alternative energy sources, especially hydrogen. The most common methods of hydrogen accumulation were proposed: accumulation of compressed gaseous hydrogen in high-pressure tanks; accumulation of liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks; storing hydrogen in a chemically bound state; accumulation of gaseous hydrogen in carriers with a high specific surface area. Based on the combination of advantages and disadvantages, the most promising methods of accumulation were selected: storage of liquid hydrogen and storage of hydrogen in carriers with a high specific surface area. The main requirement for materials for hydrogen storage by these methods was revealed – a high specific surface area. Prospects for the development of waste-free low-emission technologies due to the recycling of secondary raw materials and the development of low-temperature technologies for the synthesis of functional and structural materials were substantiated. The applicability of large-scale ash and slag waste from coal-fired thermal power plants as a raw material for obtaining materials by low-temperature technologies was shown. The traditional ways of using ash and slag waste as a raw material, active additive and filler in the production of cements were described. Modern technologies for the production of innovative materials with a unique set of properties were presented, namely carbon nanotubes, silica aerogel and geopolymer materials. The prospect of using geopolymer matrices as a precursor for the synthesis of a number of materials was described; the most promising type of materials was selected – geopolymer foams, which are mainly used as sorbents for purifying liquids and gases or accumulating target products, as well as heat-insulating materials. The possibility of obtaining products of any shape and size on the basis of geopolymer matrices without high-temperature processing was shown. The special efficiency of the development of the technology of porous granules and powders obtained from a geopolymer precursor using various methods was substantiated. The obtained granules can be used in the following hydrogen storage technologies: direct accumulation of hydrogen in porous granules; creation of insulating layers for liquid hydrogen storage units. 相似文献
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The effect of Li2O on the crystallization properties of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Li2O-Ce2O3 slags was investigated. With increasing the Li2O content, LiAlO2 and CaCeAlO4 were the main crystalline phases. LiAlO2 formed for the charge compensating of Li+ ions to [AlO45?]-tetrahedrons, and CaCeAlO4 formed as a result of the charge balance of Ce3+ ions, Ca2+ ions, and [AlO69?]-octahedrons. Increasing the content of Li2O to 10%, the crystallization temperature was the highest, and the incubation time was the shortest. The crystallization ability was strong due to the three factors of strengthening the interaction between ions and ion groups, decreasing the polymerization degree, and increasing the melting temperature. Further increasing the content of Li2O, the crystallization performance was obviously suppressed, because the melting temperature and the force between the cations and the anion groups decreased. 相似文献
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《Ceramics International》2022,48(18):26233-26247
A new type of 3D-printable ‘one-part’ geopolymer was synthesized with fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), steel slag (SS) and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD). The effects of SS content (0–40%) on the rheological properties, 3D-printability, mechanical anisotropy and reaction kinetics of geopolymer were investigated. The yield stress and plastic viscosity monotonically decreased with the increasing SS content. Contrarily, the geopolymer with 10% of SS presented better extrudability, buildability and mechanical strength than those with 0, 20%, 30% and 40% of SS. This was mainly attributed to the conflicting influence of SS on geopolymerization, of which the OH? produced by hydration of SS raised the alkalinity of the reaction system and accelerated the dissolution of SiO44? and AlO45?, while the low reactivity prohibited the following polymerization process. Furthermore, the 3D-printed geopolymer presented more compact microstructure and less mechanical anisotropy thanks to the crosslinking of morphologically complementary products, including N(C)-A-S-H, C–S–H, AFt and CH, formed via synergistic reaction of FA-GBFS-SS-FGD system. 相似文献
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《Ceramics International》2022,48(8):10506-10515
The search for materials and methods capable of reducing human impacts on the environment is of utmost importance nowadays. This study's primary purpose was to analyze the technical feasibility of ceramic composites production utilizing Fundão Dam's Iron Ore Tailings (IOT), Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) from charcoal, and Foundry Sand (FS) as partial substitutes for the traditional raw materials – sand and clay – for application in building industry materials. The composites were molded in rectangular specimens and fired at temperatures of 900, 950, 1000, 1050, and 1200 °C. The developed materials were analyzed and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Thermogravimetry (TGA), and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The obtained materials had flexural strength modulus of up to 12.19 MPa, water absorption ranging from 2 to 22%, linear shrinkage ranging from 0.02 to 6.50%, and apparent density ranging from 2.03 to 1.63 g/cm3. The study of the internal structure formation process revealed the formation of amorphous structures in the composites. The results demonstrated that these waste materials may be jointly used in construction materials, contributing to the reduction of natural resource extraction, besides enabling their correct disposal, minimizing environmental impacts, and improving the life quality of the surrounding communities. 相似文献
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中间包上水口环形吹氩可以在塞棒周围形成清洗钢液的环形气幕,同时部分氩气泡随钢液进入上水口内,可以减少非金属夹杂物在水口内壁的黏附,起到防止水口堵塞的作用。然而,不合理的吹氩量会导致中间包内液面渣层受过强的气液羽流冲击而形成渣眼,使得钢液裸露并发生二次氧化,严重影响铸坯质量。采用标准 k ε 湍流模型研究中间包内流体流动,采用DPM模型和VOF模型耦合方法,研究上水口环形吹氩条件下渣眼的形成及演化规律。结果表明,上水口环形吹氩在塞棒周围形成较强的上升流,塞棒上部邻近区域存在多个涡流区;在钢液涡流的影响下,中间包液渣下层远离塞棒区域,上层向塞棒区域迁移;随着吹氩量的增大,平均湍动能增大,塞棒附近钢液速度逐渐增大,钢渣界面钢液速度先增大后减小,渣眼边缘钢液速度先增大后减小然后再增大,速度与垂直方向夹角逐渐减小;增大吹氩量,中间包熔池液面形成以塞棒为中心的渣眼,渣眼面积逐渐增大。试验条件下不产生渣眼的临界吹氩量为4.2 L/min,对应的钢渣界面最大速度为0.247 m/s,与垂直方向夹角为70°。 相似文献
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《Ceramics International》2020,46(7):9256-9262
Foam ceramics with high strength were successfully fabricated by using sand shale and steel slag as the major materials and SiC as foam agent. The influence of raw materials ratio and heat treatment temperatures on crystalline phases, porosity, mechanical properties and pore structures was investigated via XRF, XRD, SEM, DTA-TG, Micro-CT. The results indicate that the raw materials composed of 94 wt% sand shale and 6 wt% steel slag enable the fabrication of foam ceramics possessing strength of 29.98 MPa, bulk density of 0.821 g/cm3, total porosity of 67.22%, closed porosity of 55.27% and thermal conductivity of 0.08 W/(m·K). Micro-CT result shows that the pores with an average size of 267.05 μm are isolated. Pore wall thickness conforms to normal distribution, and it ranges from 18 to 42 μm. The superior property makes it promising high-strength and lightweight material in application fields, including thermal insulation materials and lightweight building materials. 相似文献