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排序方式: 共有397条查询结果,搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
以废菌渣为原料制备活性炭,采用能量-色散光谱(EDS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)进行表征,结果表明:活性炭表面具有多种官能团,有利于提高对硝基苯的吸附。并研究了活性炭吸附硝基苯的影响因素(pH、初始浓度、吸附时间、投加量)、吸附等温线及热力学。结果表明:在常温中性pH条件下,初始浓度为50mg/L,活性炭用量为0.15g时硝基苯去除率可达98%,出水水质满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)中对硝基苯浓度低于2.0mg/L的要求。活性炭对硝基苯的吸附具有较快的吸附速率,即1min接近平衡。该吸附行为是自发放热反应,可以用Freundlich模型很好地拟合。废菌渣活性炭对硝基苯的吸附主要是疏水作用和氧化钼活化共同作用的结果。因此,以农业废弃物-废菌渣制备得到的废菌渣活性炭具有良好的经济实用性,可用于废水处理中,实现以废治废的目的。 相似文献
2.
Shufang Wang Yuanhui Ma Yanji Wang Wei Xue Xinqiang Zhao 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(11):1466-1471
BACKGROUND: A single‐step conversion of nitrobenzene (NB) to p‐aminophenol (PAP) through catalytic hydrogenation is a widely used synthesis route for PAP. The main shortcoming of this route is the use of sulfuric acid for rearrangement of the phenylhydroxylamine (PHA) intermediate. In this paper, S2O82?/ZrO2 (PSZ) solid acid and Pt‐S2O82?/ZrO2 (Pt‐PSZ) bifunctional catalysts were prepared for the synthesis of PAP in non‐acid medium. RESULTS: Calcination temperature has a substantial effect on the acidity, structure and activity for PHA rearrangement of PSZ. The highest PAP yield was 33.8% over PSZ calcined at 823 K when the reaction was carried out in water at 423 K. A high PAP yield of 23.9% was achieved by a single‐step reaction of nitrobenzene over Pt‐PSZ bifunctional catalysts. CONCLUSION: PSZ solid acid exhibits high activity for PHA rearrangement. Perfect tetragonal ZrO2 and much stronger acid sites play important roles in catalytic activity. Inhibiting the hydrogenation activity by reducing the amount of Pt loading on Pt‐PSZ can improve the competition of PHA rearrangement on acid sites with hydrogenation of PHA on metal active sites, resulting in better selectivity to PAP. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
3.
An anomalous rate enhancement with increasing conversion has been observed during the liquid phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and crotonaldehyde over Ge/Pd/C catalysts at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and electrochemical measurement of the oxidation state of catalysts during reaction revealed that the bimetallic particles were partially oxidized by the reactants, which resulted in Ge-dissolution and increased exposure of Pd on the surface. It is proposed that the surface and bulk composition of Ge/Pd catalysts are a function of their oxidation state. This behaviour is due to the unusually high mobility of Ge in the Pd lattice and to the good solubility of GeO2 in polar solvents. The influence of hydrogen transport on the corrosion process and the stability of other X/Pd type bimetallic catalysts during liquid phase hydrogenation are also discussed. 相似文献
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间溴苯甲醚的合成研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
硝基苯经过溴化、还原、重氮化、甲基化得到间溴苯甲醚,总收率为40%。 相似文献
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The chemical equilibrium for the coupling of ethylbenzene dehydrogenation with nitrobenzene hydrogenation, to produce styrene and aniline simultaneously, has been calculated on the basis of the Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state. The dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene in the presence of nitrobenzene over the catalysts -Al2O3, ZSM-5, activated carbon and platinum supported on activated carbon has been carried out at 400 °C. The effects of Pt loading and the pretreatment of the catalysts have been investigated. It has been revealed that the conversion of ethylbenzene can be greatly improved by the reaction coupling due to the elimination of the hydrogen produced in the reaction by the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Platinum supported on the activated carbon has been suggested as a suitable catalyst. The best results with ethylbenzene conversion of 33.8% and styrene selectivity of 99.2% were obtained over Pt(0.02 wt%)/AC at 400 °C. Moreover, such process is also energetically favored since the necessary process heat to drive the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation can be provided by the coupling with the exothermic nitrobenzene hydrogenation reaction. 相似文献
9.
以二氧化锰为催化剂进行了含硝基苯废水在超临界水中的催化氧化研究。研究结果表明,二氧化锰具有较高的催化活性,大大促进了硝基苯的降解,且催化活性稳定。在工艺条件实验中,考察了压力、氧气用量、温度和停留时间等因素对硝基苯去除率的影响,在影响因素考察的基础上确定了适宜的催化氧化工艺条件:温度460℃,压力28 MPa,氧气用量15倍计量倍数,停留时间不小于7 s。在此工艺条件下,废水经处理后硝基苯含量低于3 mg/L,总有机碳(TOC)含量低于6 mg/L,均达到了GB8978-1996的排放要求。 相似文献
10.
二价铁离子对零价铁还原硝基苯的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解地下水环境中铁离子对零价铁(zero valention)还原作用的影响,采用批次实验,研究不同质量浓度二价铁离子对ZVI还原硝基苯的影响,利用HPLC和GC-MS作为分析工具,观测反应过程中硝基苯的质量浓度,同时跟踪溶液中Fe2+、pH、ORP的变化.结果表明,有无Fe2+存在,硝基苯均可被ZVI还原为苯胺,Fe2+没有改变还原产物;溶液中投加Fe2+后,ZVI还原硝基苯的反应速率明显加快,溶液中Fe2+对于还原反应起促进作用;溶液中Fe2+对ZVI体系pH起缓冲作用,含有Fe2+的ZVI体系ORP下降明显.反应动力学分析表明,硝基苯的还原反应符合假一级动力学模型,表观速率常数kobs值随Fe2+质量浓度的升高而增加,Fe2+离子的存在有助于ZVI对硝基苯的还原. 相似文献