C2 用于声化学研究的大功率超声系统的研制

根据声化学反应的特殊要求，我们研制了上前用于声化学研究的大功率超声系统，由参数可调节的超声发生器配合不同频率的换能器工作，并用它组合成杯式幅杆结构声化学反应器，解决了有关声化学设备的一些技术问题。为声化学技术从实验室规模向工业应用过渡做了必要的准备。     

B4 用染色法记录液体中大功率超声场的分布

利用染料在纸上染色可以方便，快速地记录液体中大功率超声场的分布，本文给出这一套验研究的结果，表明该方法在声化学和超声清洗等大功率超声液体处理应用中，对于测量空化强度的空间分布是一种实用，可取的方法。     

Novel (Phenothiazinyl)Vinyl-Pyridinium Dyes and Their Potential Applications as Cellular Staining Agents

We report here the synthesis and structural characterization of novel cationic (phenothiazinyl)vinyl-pyridinium (PVP) dyes, together with optical (absorption/emission) properties and their potential applicability as fluorescent labels. Convective heating, ultrasound irradiation and mechanochemical synthesis were considered as alternative synthetic methodologies proficient for overcoming drawbacks such as long reaction time, nonsatisfactory yields or solvent requirements in the synthesis of novel dye (E)-1-(3-chloropropyl)-4-(2-(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)vinyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide 3d and its N-alkyl-2-methylpyridinium precursor 1c. The trans geometry of the newly synthesized (E)-4-(2-(7-bromo-10-ethyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)vinyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide 3b and (E)-1-methyl-4-(2-(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)vinyl)pyridin-1-ium tetrafluoroborate 3a′ was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. A negative solvatochromism of the dyes in polar solvents was highlighted by UV-Vis spectroscopy and explanatory insights were supported by molecular modeling which suggested a better stabilization of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO). The photostability of the dye 3b was investigated by irradiation at 365 nm in different solvents, while the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence properties of dye 3b and 3a′ in solid state were evaluated under one-photon excitation at 485 nm. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the new PVP dyes on B16-F10 melanoma cells was evaluated by WST-1 assay, while their intracellular localization was assessed by epi-fluorescence conventional microscopy imaging as well as one- and two-photon excited confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). PVP dyes displayed low cytotoxicity, good internalization inside melanoma cells and intense fluorescence emission inside the B16-F10 murine melanoma cells, making them suitable staining agents for imaging applications.     

尖晶石型铁酸镉纳米粉体的超声化学法合成

超声波辐射下前驱体法合成了纳米铁酸镉（CdFe2O4）粉末。以硝酸镉、硝酸铁和脲为原料用超声化学法制得前驱体，再在950℃焙烧15h，得到平均粒径约56nm的铁酸镉粉末。得到的纳米铁酸镉粉末用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶转换红外光谱（FT—IR）进行表征并得到确认，用样品振动磁强计（VSM）对其磁学参数进行了测定。     

超声波法制备纳米粉体工艺

本文阐述了超声波和超声化学的基本原理；讨论了超声化学法在纳米粉体材料制备中的应用；展望超声技术在纳米氧化铁制备中的应用前景。     

高纯ZnAl_2O_4纳米颗粒的制备及其微结构分析

将机械力化学与超声波化学相结合制备出高纯度、结晶性良好的尖晶石型ZnAl_2O_4纳米颗粒。分析了样品的表面形貌、晶体结构及微观结构。研究结果表明:当焙烧温度为600~900℃时,ZnO与γ-Al_2O_3固相反应制备出高纯度、结晶性良好的尖晶石型ZnAl_2O_4纳米颗粒。随着焙烧温度的升高,材料的致密度增大,结晶度提高,平均孔径依次增大,比表面积明显下降,孔隙率降低。     

The interaction between molten gallium and the hydrocarbon medium induced by ultrasonic energy—can gallium carbide be formed?

Ultrasonic irradiation of molten gallium in organic liquids (decane, dodecane, etc.) results in dispersion of the gallium into nanometric spheres. These were examined by several analytical methods XRD, DSC, Raman and IR spectroscopy) as well as electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and found to be composed of Ga and C. The DSC analysis indicates that the Ga has possibly reacted with carbon, while the Raman spectrum of the product demonstrates a strong additional peak that could not be identified. This work explores the possibility that the product is gallium carbide or another gallium‐carbon complex. To investigate the nature of the product, we performed detailed extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) analyses. On the basis of DSC, IR, and Raman it appear to be formation of GaC, whereas the analysis by EXAFS and XANES demonstrated that the gallium is found to be in a higher reduced state (almost metallic), supported by carbon. The question that remains open in addition to the one related to the formation of galium carbide is whether a complex structure, including oxygen contamination is involved in the layers surrounding the Ga as indicated by the EXAFS results.     

超声化学法合成纳米羟基磷灰石粉体的研究

以Ca(NO3)2和(NH4)2HPO4为原料,应用超声化学法制备得到了尺寸约20nm×120nm、分散性良好的针状羟基磷灰石(HAp)纳米粉体.对比研究了超声化学法与传统的化学沉淀法对HAp粉体的结晶性能、Ca/P摩尔比和产率的影响.研究表明,与传统的化学沉淀法相比,超声化学法可以在较短的时间内显著地提高纳米HAp的合成效率、结晶度、Ca/P摩尔比和产率.     

Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合永磁的制备和性能

用超声化学法制备纳米Fe颗粒包覆的Nd2Fe14B复合粉体,将其在Ar气保护下经放电等离子烧结(SPS),得到Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米晶复合磁体.Fe名义质量分数为5%的烧结磁体具有较高的磁性能:Br=0.86 T,Hci=683.8 kA/m,(BH)max=95.92 kJ/m3.烧结前对复合粉末进行适当的高能球磨,能促进显微组织进一步细化,增强软磁相与硬磁相之间的交换耦合,使相同Fe含量和烧结工艺的磁体Br和(BH)max分别提高到0.94 T和113.6 kJ/m3.