NONLINEAR DYNAMICS OF LATERAL MICRO-RESONATOR INCLUDING VISCOUS AIR DAMPING

The nonlinear dynamics of the lateral micro-resonator including the air damping effect is researched. The air damping force is varied periodically during the resonator oscillating, and the air damp coefficient can not be fixed as a constant. Therefore the linear dynamic analysis which used the constant air damping coefficient can not describe the actual dynamic characteristics of the mi-cro-resonator. The nonlinear dynamic model including the air damping force is established. On the base of Navier-Stokes equation and nonlinear dynamical equation, a coupled fluid-solid numerical simulation method is developed and demonstrates that damping force is a vital factor in micro-comb structures. Compared with existing experimental result, the nonlinear numerical value has quite good agreement with it. The differences of the amplitudes (peak) between the experimental data and the results by the linear model and the nonlinear model are 74.5% and 6% respectively. Nonlinear nu-merical value is more exact than linear value and the method can be applied in other mi-cro-electro-mechanical systeme (MEMS) structures to simulate the dynamic performance.     

Static and dynamic characteristics of finite exponential film shaped slider bearings lubricated with micropolar fluid

Abstract

In this paper, the general dynamic Reynolds equation of sliding–squeezing surfaces of exponential shaped slider bearings with micropolar fluid is solved numerically for the assessment of dynamic characteristics. The two Reynolds type equations governing the steady performance and the perturbed characteristics are obtained using the perturbation technique and are solved numerically using the finite difference method. The results are compared with that of the inclined plane slider bearing. It is found that the exponential shaped slider bearing lubricated with micropolar fluids results in higher steady state film pressure, load carrying capacity and better dynamic stiffness and damping characteristics.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

The Effect of Certain Surfactants on the Cementation of Cobalt From Zinc Sulphate Solutions By Suspended Zinc Particles in the Presence of Copper or Antimony

Abstract

The effect of surfactants nonylphenolpolyethylene glycol with molecular weight 900 (D1), dinaphthylmethane-4,4'-disulphonic acid (D2) and polyethylene glycol with molecular weight 400 (D3) on both cobalt-zinc dust cementation kinetics and the structure of obtained deposits was investigated in the presence of copper or antimony. The reaction of cobalt cementation was found not to follow first-order kinetics due to the hydrogen evolution which takes place along with cementation reaction.Two rate regions were observed. Surfactants D1 and D3 inhibit but D2 has no effect on cobalt cementation rate. Copper increases but antimony decreases cobalt deposition. On the other hand, the presence of antimony substantially increases the inhibition effect of D1 and D3 on cobalt cementation. A higher temperature improves cobalt cementation.

D1 and D3 inhibit antimony cementation.The effect of D1 is substantially higher and contributes to a large decrease of antimony deposition by zinc dust.

The influence of copper and antimony on the structure of obtained deposits is strikingly different. The presence of copper causes the deposition of coarser products containing massive formations of lamellar crystallites. The addition of antimony contributes to the formation of compact uniform layers of deposits with a low porosity on the surface of zinc particles. Surfactants D1 and D3 decrease the crystallite size and deposit porosity and their effect is substantially larger in the presence of antimony. The lowest porosity is found in the presence of both D1 and antimony.

According to the obtained results, the concentration of antimony during the cobalt cementation by zinc dust from the solutions containing surfactants D1 and D3 must be lower than that of copper.

On a étudié l'effet d'agents de surface sur la cinétique de cémentation de la poussière de cobaltzinc et sur la structure des dépôts obtenus, en présence de cuivre ou d'antimoine. Les agents étudiés incluent le glycol nonylphénolpolyéthylénique, avec un poids moléculaire de 900 (D1), l'acide dinaphthylméthane-4,4'-disulfonique (D2) et le polyéthylène-glycol, avec un poids moléculaire de 400 (D3). On a trouvé que la réaction de cémentation du cobalt ne suivait pas une cinétique de premier ordre à cause du dégagement d'hydrogène qui se produit en même temps que la réaction de cémentation. On a observé deux régions avec différents taux. Les agents de surface D1 et D3 inhibent le taux de cémentation du cobalt, mais le D2 n'a aucun effet sur celui-ci. Le cuivre augmente la formation de cobalt mais l'antimoine la réduit. D'un autre côté, la présence d'antimoine augmente substantiellement l'effet d'inhibition du D1 et du D3 sur la cémentation du cobalt. Une température plus élevée améliore la cémentation du cobalt.

Le D1 et le D3 inhibent la cémentation de l'antimoine. L'effet du D1 est substantiellement plus élevé, contribuant à une grande diminution de la formation d'antimoine par la poussière de zinc.

L'influence du cuivre et de l'antimoine sur la structure des dépôts obtenus est remarquablement différente. La présence de cuivre entraîne la formation de produits plus grossiers contenant des structures massives de cristallites lamellaires. L'addition d'antimoine contribue à la formation de couches uniformes compactes de dépôts ayant une faible porosité à la surface des particules de zinc. Les agents de surface D1 et D3 diminuent la taille de cristallite et la porosité du dépôt et leur effet est substantiellement plus important en présence d'antimoine. La porosité la plus faible se trouve en présence simultanée du D1 et de l'antimoine.

D'après les résultats obtenus, la concentration de l'antimoine, lors de la cémentation du cobalt par la poussière de zinc à partir de solutions contenant les agents de surface D1 et D3, doit être plus faible que celle de cuivre.     

Effect of presence of SiC and operating frequency on the damping behaviour of pure magnesium

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of presence of SiC reinforcement and the vibration frequency on the overall damping characteristics of pure magnesium. The testing method uses a combination of the modified free – free beam method coupled with a circle fit approach. The effect of frequency on the damping property was studied by adding end masses to the specimen so as to alter the resonant frequency of the suspended beam. In the present study, the results are compared against a monolithic magnesium sample. The results revealed a higher damping capability of the composite specimen at all tested frequencies when compared to monolithic magnesium. Both monolithic and reinforced magnesium showed a progressive decrease in damping with an increase in frequency. An attempt is made to rationalise the damping behaviour of the composite in terms of the presence of a process induced plastic zone at the matrix/particulate interface and the operating frequency.     

MULTI-LAYER PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR AND ITS APPLICATION IN CONTROLLABLE CONSTRAINED DAMPING TREATMENT

A kind of novel multi-layer piezoelectric actuator is proposed and integrated with control- lable constrained damping treatment to perform hybrid vibration control.The governing equation of the system is derived based on the constitutive equations of elastic,viscoelastic and piezoelectric materials,which shows that the magnitude of control force exerted by multi-layer piezoelectric actua- tor is the quadratic function of the number of piezoelectric laminates used but in direct proportion to control voltage.This means that the multi-layer actuator can produce greater actuating force than that by piezoelectric laminate actuator with the same area under the identical control voltage.The optimal location placement of the multi-layer piezoelectric actuator is also discussed.As an example,the hybrid vibration control of a cantilever rectangular thin-plate is numerically simulated and carried out experimentally.The simulated and experimental results validate the power of multi-layer piezoelectric actuator and indicate that the present hybrid damping technique can effectively suppress the low fre- quency modal vibration of the experimental thin-plate structure.     

A Digital Input Shaper for Stable and Transparent Haptic Interaction

This paper presents frequency-dependent digital damping referred to a digital input shaper (DIS). Compared to the previously proposed analog input shaper, the DIS makes the implementation of damping much more flexible and significantly reduces the electrical noise. Moreover, the DIS incorporates a position control method at the initial contact to improve the perceived contact hardness. Then, through a series of simulations and benchmark virtual wall experiments, we show that the DIS can significantly increase the impedance range that a haptic interface can stably display and that the initial contact hardness that a user perceives can be noticeably improved by using the proposed position control method. Finally, the DIS is applied to scaled teleoperation using an atomic force microscope and through contact experiments it is shown that it can indeed increase the scaled impedance of a real environment that can be stably displayed. ©     

Damping properties of open cell microcellular pure Al foams

Abstract

Damping behaviours of the open cell microcellular pure Al foams fabricated by sintering and dissolution process with the relative density of 0·31–0·42 and the pore size of 112–325 μm were investigated. The damping characterisation was conducted on a multifunction internal friction apparatus. The internal friction (IF) was measured at frequencies of 1·0, 3·0 and 6·0 Hz over the temperature range of 298–725 K. The measured IF shows that the open cell pure Al foam has a damping capacity that is enhanced in comparison with pure Al. At a lower temperature (～400 K), the IF of the open cell pure Al foams increases with decreasing relative density, with decreasing pore size and with increasing frequency. The IF peak was found at the temperature range of 433–593 K in the IF curves. It is clear that the IF peak is relaxational type and the activation energy associated with the IF peak is about 1·60 ± 0·02 eV. Defect effects can be used to interpret the damping mechanisms.     

Damping properties of porous AZ91 magnesium alloy reinforced with copper particles

Abstract

The well distributed open porous AZ91 magnesium alloy reinforced with copper particles was successfully prepared through powder metallurgy route based on space holder method. Its damping properties were characterised by internal friction and the internal friction measurement in a temperature range from room temperature to 100°C was performed by a multifunction internal friction apparatus. Experimental results revealed that the damping capacity of the porous AZ91 magnesium alloy was increased as a result of the addition of copper particle and the increase was further enhanced with increasing volume fraction of copper particle. Attempt is performed to correlate the increase in damping with the microstructural change arising due to the addition of copper particles. It was suggested that the increase should be related to the appearance of plastic zone and thus an increase in dislocation density at the matrix particles interfaces.