Use of La2O3 with 8YSZ as thermal barrier coating and its effect on thermal cycle behavior,microstructure, mechanical properties and performance of diesel engine operated by hydrogen-algae biodiesel blend

In this present work, the effect of lanthanum oxides (La₂O₃) on the thermal cycle behavior of TBC coatings and mechanical properties such as adhesion strength and microhardness of 8% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) TBCs were investigated. CoNiCrAlY and aluminium alloy (Al–13%Si) were used as bond coat and substrate materials. 8YSZ and different wt % of La₂O₃ (10, 20, and 30%) top coatings were applied using the atmospheric plasma spray (APS) method. The thermal cycling test for TBC coated samples were conducted at 800 °C in the electric furnace. The XRD pattern shows that the La₂O₃ doped 8YSZ material transformed to cubic pyrochloric structured La₂Zr₂O₇ during thermal cycling. Further, the Taguchi-based grey relation analysis (GRA) method was applied to optimize the TBC coating parameters to achieve better mechanical properties such as adhesion strength and microhardness. And the optimized La₂O₃/8YSZ TBC coating was coated on CRDI engine combustion chamber components. The engine was tested with microalgae biodiesel and hydrogen, and the results were promising for the TBC-coated engine. The engine performance increased while using La₂O₃/8YSZ coated components, and the emissions from engine exhaust gas such as CO, HC, and smoke reduced considerably. It was found that there was no separation crack and spallation of the coating layer in the microstructure. Ultimately, the microstructural analysis of the optimized TBC coated piston sample after 50 h of running in the diesel engine confirmed that the developed coating had a superior thermal insulation effect and longer life.     

Effect of utilization of hydrogen-rich reformed biogas on the performance and emission characteristics of common rail diesel engine

The utilization of renewable gaseous fuels in the diesel engine has gained significant interest in recent years due to its clean-burning nature and higher availability. In this study, hydrogen-rich reformed biogas was used as a gaseous fuel in a common rail diesel engine with diesel as pilot fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformed gas was synthesized through dry-oxidative reforming. The experimentations were performed in the load range from 6 to 24 N m with two different flow rates of gaseous fuel (0.5 and 1.5 kg/h) at a constant speed of 1800 RPM. The effects on engine performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, and brake specific diesel consumption), combustion parameters (rate of pressure rise and maximum heat release rate) and emission parameters (Unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide) were assessed. The induction of gaseous fuel led to an increase in brake thermal efficiency by 10.5%, reduction in brake specific energy consumption by 13.6%, and a reduction of 26.4% in brake specific diesel consumption with a flow rate of 0.5 kg/h when compared to diesel-only mode at 24 N m load. The HC, NO_X and CO₂ emissions were reduced by 18.2%, 7.4% and 1.4% with a flow rate of 0.5 kg/h when compared to diesel-only mode at 24 N m load due to lower availability of carbon content in the combustible mixture. The utilization of renewable fuel like hydrogen-rich reformed biogas has great potential for overcoming the issue related to both biogas and hydrogen in diesel engines. Moreover, the higher diesel substitution also demonstrates the potential for cost-saving and fossil fuel conservation.     

Modelling,simulation and identification of an engine air path electromechanical actuator

This paper deals with the modelling and the identification of an electromechanical Diesel engine actuator. The studied Bosch GPA-S actuator is designed for swirl/tumble flaps to control the air amount entering into the cylinder. This study aims to design a complete simulator that reproduces, with sufficient accuracy, the actuator dynamics taking into account the effects of the friction phenomenon. Hence, an overview of the actuator structure and its operation principle is first given. Then, its mathematical model as well as the nonlinearity, related to its behaviour, is discussed. Next, three identification procedures, which allow estimating both the system parameters and the friction model coefficients, are introduced. Finally, simulation results, using MATLAB, and experimental results, using LabVIEW, are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.     

Spectral properties of diesel fuel droplets

Absorption spectra of several types of diesel fuel are studied experimentally. Index of refraction of these fuels is calculated using subtractive Kramers-Krönig analysis. The ageing process of fuels is simulated by prolonged boiling. Radiative properties of diesel fuel droplets are calculated using the Mie theory and a simplified approach, based on approximations of absorption and scattering efficiency factors. It is pointed out that the accuracy of the simplified approach is sufficient for practical applications in the visible and infrared ranges, for various types of diesel fuel, and for droplet radii in the range from 5 to 50 μm. The monodisperse approximation is shown to be applicable for the analysis of infrared radiative properties of realistic polydisperse diesel fuel sprays.     

小型直喷柴油机喷雾油线在燃烧室内分布的研究

利用AutoCAD和Pro/E软件，二次开发了一套分析直喷柴油机喷油油束在燃烧室匹配的三维可视化分析软件，依据充分利用燃烧室有有效空间，保证油气均匀混合的原则，给出了等空燃比喷雾油线在燃烧室内的分布方法，提出了匹配理论：直喷柴油机的喷雾油线应对称布置于燃烧室中心与油嘴中心的连线上，活塞位于上止点时油线形成的锥面应轴向等燃烧室的有效容积；相邻油线在活塞顶燃烧室的投影积值与各油孔和喷油嘴轴线形成的夹角不等造成的各喷孔油量差值相一致。     

Kinetics of catalyzed and non-catalyzed oxidation of soot from a diesel engine

To comply with the new regulations on particulate matter, car manufacturers more and more commonly use diesel particulate filters (DPF). The working of these systems needs to periodically burn soot that has been accumulated during the loading of the DPF. This paper describes the kinetics of the non-catalytic and catalytic oxidation of real diesel soot with oxygen. From these experiments, mechanisms for catalyzed and non-catalyzed soot oxidation have been proposed.     

日产PD6型柴油机气缸穴蚀原因浅析及对策

本文分析日产车用PDG型柴油机的结构特点及其缸套穴蚀的形成原因、危害和检查与判断方法,并提出在使用中应采取的预防措施。     

燃料甲酯应用研究浅析

本阐述了分别使用燃料甲酯及柴油时由柴油机以加俐到的示功图，烟度及过量空气系统等的对比结果。经分析认为：当燃料甲酯取代柴油机时，用户可不必对柴油机另作调整，因而十分方便。     

低旋流进气直喷燃烧系统在195柴油机上的应用研究

介绍了低旋流进气直喷燃烧系统应用于１９５柴油机的试验结果，着重探讨了燃烧室结构尺寸和供油系统主要参数对柴油机性能和燃烧放热规律的影响。研究表明，这种燃烧系统应用于小缸径直喷柴油机具有良好的推广前景。     

Thermal analysis of a ceramic coating diesel engine piston using 3-D finite element method

In this study, firstly, thermal analyses are investigated on a conventional (uncoated) diesel piston, made of aluminum silicon alloy and steel. Secondly, thermal analyses are performed on pistons, coated with MgO-ZrO₂ material by means of using a commercial code, namely ANSYS. Finally, the results of four different pistons are compared with each other. The effects of coatings on the thermal behaviors of the pistons are investigated. It has been shown that the maximum surface temperature of the coated piston with material which has low thermal conductivity is improved approximately 48% for the AlSi alloy and 35% for the steel.