Understanding the role of restructuring in flocculation: The application of a population balance model

The effect of shear on floc properties was observed through population balance to comprehend the mechanisms of flocculation, in particular the role of restructuring. Little fundamental attention has been given before to the shear influence responsible for creating compact aggregates, while the floc characteristics might differ in other conditions. It is crucial to understand how aggregates evolve to steady state, if their properties are to be ‘tailored’ to suit subsequent solid-liquid separation. From a previous experimental study (Langmuir 18(6) (2002) 1974), restructuring was observed to occur extensively in the flocculation of latex particles in couette-flow, and was proposed to be responsible for the decrease in floc size on their transition to equilibrium. On the other hand, flocs of larger primary particles were more susceptible to breakage, with densification occurring as a result of fragmentation and re-aggregation. Denser flocs were found when structural deformation dominated, particularly in the initial stage of the process, while comparatively tenuous ones were observed when formation and breakage kinetics were the governing mechanisms. The distinct manners in which aggregates of different primary particle sizes evolved with time, were replicated with a population balance that incorporated the floc structural variation; verifying that restructuring indeed played a crucial role under certain flocculation conditions.     

浅谈债务转为资本存在的问题及解决对策

债务转为资本是债务重组的方式之一,是指债务人将债务转为资本,同时债权人将债权转为股权的债务重组方式。本文将分析这一重组方式在重组运作过程中存在的问题,并提出一系列的解决对策。     

企业全面重组的一种方法

市场全球化，顾客满意度，技术的高速发展以及跨国，跨行业企业等均促进了市场动态性的不断增长。这些都迫使企业正视市场压力，以在严峻的市场竞争中求得生存。本文提出了企业全面重组的方法，该方法的基本是建立一种绩效测定模型，从而可以测定企业各部门效和重要性的相关性，并由此测定一个量化方案，以最优的方法全面改进现状。     

CATALYTIC COMBUSTION OF METHANE OVER PALLADIUM-BASED CATALYSTS

Palladium-based catalysts are widely applied in exhaust catalytic converter and catalytic combustion systems. The mechanism for methane oxidation on a Pd-based catalyst is complex. Catalyst activity is influenced by variations in the process pressure and temperature, by the gas mixture composition, by the type of support and various additives, and by pretreatment under reducing or oxidizing atmospheres. In this paper, we review the literature on supported Pd catalysts for combustion of methane. The mechanisms involved are discussed taking into consideration the oxidation/reduction mechanisms for supported palladium, poisoning, restructuring, the form of oxygen on the surface, methane activation over Pd and PdO phases, and transient behavior. Our review helps explain the array of experimental results reported in the literature.     

煤矿重组整合使山西煤炭工业步入健康发展的轨道

本文阐述了影响山西煤炭工业发展的主要因素,介绍了山西煤矿重组整合的重大成果、综合效益及其重要的现实意义。认为在煤矿重组整合过程中,应该注意处理好政府主导推动和发挥市场运作、国家利益与个人利益、重组整合工作与安全生产等关系。     

国家空间选择与地方空间重构：重庆两江新区空间影响研究

国家空间选择反映了国家治理的空间偏 好,通过在选定空间进行尺度建构,引发地方多 尺度空间重构。国家级新区作为一种基于地方的 国家空间选择策略,2010年以来得到学界广泛关 注。现有研究重点审视这一策略建构实施的过 程、机制和内在逻辑,对其如何嵌构并影响地 方空间重构的探讨尚不深入。本文以中国内陆首 个国家级新区——重庆两江新区为例,揭示其 在都市区北部的治理建构对产业和人口的多层 次空间影响,比照欧美20世纪90年代以来国家 空间选择向都市区尺度上移后在次区域层面形 成的新空间非均衡现象,从政策治理环境、地 方政府角色探讨了中国与欧美国家空间选择对地 方空间影响的异同,丰富了国家空间选择理论的 地方化理解。     

Regulatory reform in Turkish energy industry: An analysis

The Republic of Turkey has initiated an ambitious reform program in the most important segments of her energy market; which requires privatization, liberalization as well as a radical restructuring of these industries. However, there is no consensus that the measures introduced are optimal. The present article attempts, first, to evaluate the regulatory framework created by the laws of 2001 in terms of economic efficiency considerations; and second, to determine what still needs to be done to improve the current situation. The paper not only provides an analysis of these reforms but also lists some policy suggestions. The study concludes that despite relatively good legislative framework, in practice, the reforms in Turkey are far from ideal as they are mainly in the form of “textbook reforms”; and therefore a significant amount of work still lies ahead of Turkey to set up a fully fledged energy market.     

Improving page prefetching with prior knowledge

Prefetching is a technique applied to memory management policies in which pages are brought into memory before they are actually needed. In this study, prior knowledge of program behavior obtained through trace data is used to parameterize a variation of the working set memory management policy supporting demand page prefetching using one page lookahead. Two new algorithms supporting double page prefetching are proposed. A comparative analysis of them is made.Evaluation of the techniques through trace driven simulation shows that, in general, they are very effective in reducing the page fault rate and in some cases the space time product. As expected, memory occupancy increases, but usually by small amounts. The results are encouraging for their ability to improve performance for a variety of programs which exhibit some form of locality (spatial and/or temporal).     

欧洲住房金融改革对中国的借鉴意义

自从1960与1970年代以来,更多的欧洲国家放松了它们的住宅政策。我们注意到从公共融资向私人融资的转变、从社会住宅向商业住宅的转变、从住房建设补贴向住房人头补贴的转变、从管制租金向市值租金的转变、以及从租赁房向自有房的转变。大部分这些转变都可以统称为＂私有化＂以及＂自由化＂这些定义不明的词语。然而,欧盟大部分国家的住宅金融体系仍然复杂而不合理,需要更多的住宅金融改革。我们将详述一种住宅金融改革的核心内容,包括如下几点：住房建设补贴、租户的住房人头补贴、自有房的税收优惠、房屋租赁政策、以及住宅联盟的角色。通过这种分析,我们勾画出欧盟国家住宅金融深入改革的轮廓。在不久的将来,中国也会考虑相似的住宅金融改革。     

中国城市单位大院的空间性及其变化：北京京棉二厂的案例

在新中国成立至改革开放前的30年间,单位大院构成了中国城市空间的基本地域单元,是城市空间扩展的主要方式。改革开放以来,面临经济社会制度的全面转型,中国城市空间正经历着激烈的空间重构。单位大院的空间及社会变化是中国城市社会经济转型与空间重构过程的微观缩影,是理解与透视转型期中国城市空间与社会变化的重要视角。本研究基于对北京市典型工业企业单位京棉二厂实地考察、访谈,以及厂史资料等多元数据,通过复原其从50年代建厂至今半个多世纪以来的不同历史时期的空间变化过程,从空间模式、空间秩序等方面分析单位大院的空间性,试图通过对单位大院的空间变化进行“解剖麻雀”式的案例研究来透视中国城市转型与重构的空间过程．