环氧树脂及其增强材料回顾

本文回顾了PCB制造常用的环氧树脂及其增强材料的性能和用途。同时,还介绍了代用树脂材料和代用增强材料的最新进展,如改性环氧树脂、无卤树脂、Thermount、PTFE、氰酸酯等,并就其性能进行了探讨。     

Microstructure characterization of reinforcements in in-situ synthesized composites of Al-Zr-O system

A novel in-situ reaction system Al-Zr-O was developed. In-situ Al3Zr and Al2O3 particulates reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by the direct melt reaction technique in the Al-Zr-O system. Microstructures of the composites and crystal morphology of in-situ formed Al3Zr and Al2O3 particulates were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results indicate that in-situ formed Al3 Zr and Al2O3 particles are finer and well distributed in aluminum matrix. Al3Zr particulates with a tetragonal structure are mainly in the shape of polyhedron. A few of them are in the form of rectangle. The length/width ratio of the rectangular Al3Zr is less than 2.0 and the maximum size is 2μm. In addition, a certain number of Al2O3 submicro particles with a hexagonal structure are also generated in this system. Furthermore, it is found that Al3Zr crystal grows by the mechanism of twinning. The twin plane is (114). The twinning direction is [221]. The tensile tests show that the composites synthesized in the Al-Zr-O system exhibits high strength and ductility. There are a lot of ripples with fine particles on the fracture. The principal strengthening mechanisms for (Al3Zr Al2O3 )p/Al composites may include Orowan strengthening, grain-refining strengthening, solid-solution strengthening and dislocation strengthening.     

内伸式接管补强结构应力分布特点

针对圆柱形压力容器内伸式接管补强结构，以DXF格式件为中介，用数学计算自动生成有限元计算模型的方法，进行了三维线弹性有限元应力分析，得到了内压圆柱壳内伸式接管补强结构的应力分布规律。结果表明，接管与简体相贯线最低处简体的内、外壁上的两点是内伸式接管补强结构的危险点，内伸长度的大小不影响内伸式接管补强结构的应力分布规律。分析结果为进行内伸式接管补强结构的设计提供了依据。     

Ram‐air kite airfoil and reinforcements optimization for airborne wind energy applications

We present a multidisciplinary design optimization method for the profile and structural reinforcement layout of a ram‐air kite rib. The aim is to minimize the structural elastic energy and to maximize the traction power of a ram‐air kite used for airborne wind energy generation. Because of the large deformations occurring during flight, a fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) routine is included in the optimization, which determines the actual deformed rib geometry and its corresponding aerodynamic characteristics. A qualitative comparison between FSI inclusion and exclusion in the optimization is given. Discrepancies in airfoil profile and structural layout are observed.     

Nonlinear formulation based on FEM,Mazars damage criterion and Fick’s law applied to failure assessment of reinforced concrete structures subjected to chloride ingress and reinforcements corrosion

Structural durability is an important design criterion, which must be assessed for every type of structure. In this regard, especial attention must be addressed to the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. When RC structures are located in aggressive environments, its durability is strongly reduced by physical/chemical/mechanical processes that trigger the corrosion of reinforcements. Among these processes, the diffusion of chlorides is recognized as one of major responsible of corrosion phenomenon start. To accurate modelling the corrosion of reinforcements and to assess the durability of RC structures, a mechanical model that accounts realistically for both concrete and steel mechanical behaviour must be considered. In this context, this study presents a numerical nonlinear formulation based on the finite element method applied to structural analysis of RC structures subjected to chloride penetration and reinforcements corrosion. The physical nonlinearity of concrete is described by Mazars damage model whereas for reinforcements elastoplastic criteria are adopted. The steel loss along time due to corrosion is modelled using an empirical approach presented in literature and the chloride concentration growth along structural cover is represented by Fick’s law. The proposed model is applied to analysis of bended structures. The results obtained by the proposed numerical approach are compared to responses available in literature in order to illustrate the evolution of structural resistant load after corrosion start.     

钢筋混凝土框架粘钢加固现场试验分析

本文介绍了某银行大楼框架破损现状及实测资料,分析了致使结构破损的原因及破损程度,提出了粘钢加固的两种方案。并对加固后的结构进行了现场加载试验,得出了位移及应力随荷载变化的规律,讨论了结构加固后其强度、刚度的提高。     

石牛水库防渗加固后大坝渗透系数反分析

准确获取石牛水库防渗加固后大坝渗透系数是评价其防渗加固效果的基础。结合石牛水库典型剖面的监测水头数据,利用BP神经网络反分析得出防渗加固后大坝各区域的渗透系数,并基于该组渗透系数采用有限单元法确定坝体浸润线的位置。计算所得的浸润线与实测浸润线位置接近,这表明反演所得渗透系数具有较高精度,能够为后续评估石牛水库的防渗加固效果提供可靠数据。     

Using PV and QV curves with the meaning of static contingency screening and planning

This paper investigates the use of the QV and PV curves in the planning scenario, when some system reinforcements and contingency screening are analyzed. The idea is to employ the continuation method to obtain the system load margin and the QV curve to calculate the reactive power reserve associated with each bus. Combining these approaches enables one to identify the system critical area, the actual operating conditions, the most severe contingencies and the most important reinforcements. The methodology proposed may provide important signals to system planners, since the planning is focused under the voltage security point of view. The ideas are tested with the help of some academic systems and two real (a Brazilians and a Paraguayan) systems with all the system limits considered.     

CFST柱-RC环扁梁中节点静载试验研究——钢筋应变和承载力研究

介绍钢管混凝土(CFST)柱-钢筋混凝土(RC)环扁梁中节点(环扁梁节点)和CFST-RC环梁中节点(环梁节点)的制作及试验过程,给出这2个节点在静载作用下钢筋应变和承载力的试验数据。试验结果显示,环扁梁节点钢筋屈服的根数比环梁节点的多,环扁梁节点的材料利用率高于环梁节点;环梁节点和环扁梁节点均具有较好的延性。     

钢筋混凝土双向受弯构件正截面承载力近似算法

混凝土结构设计规范 (GBJ1 0— 89)关于钢筋混凝土双向受弯正截面承载力的近似计算 ,仅适用于集中配置纵向受拉钢筋的截面 ,使用范围易受到限制。采用极限平衡理论计算强度和平截面假定限制受压区 ,提出了另一近似法 ,可用于分散及集中配筋。算例表明 ,该方法具有较高的精度