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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(59):25022-25033
Injecting hydrogen into the natural gas network to reduce CO2 emissions in the EU residential sector is considered a critical element of the zero CO2 emissions target for 2050. Burning natural gas and hydrogen mixtures has potential risks, the main one being the flame flashback phenomenon that could occur in home appliances using premixed laminar burners. In the present study, two-dimensional transient computations of laminar CH4 + air and CH4 + H2 + air flames are performed with the open-source CFD code OpenFOAM. A finite rate chemistry based solver is used to compute reaction rates and the laminar reacting flow. Starting from a flame stabilized at the rim of a cylindrical tube burner, the inlet bulk velocity of the premixture is gradually reduced to observe flashback. The results of the present work concern the effects of wall temperature and hydrogen addition on the flashback propensity of laminar premixed methane-hydrogen-air flames. Complete sequences of flame dynamics with gradual increases of premixture velocity are investigated. At the flame flashback velocities, strong oscillations at the flame leading edge emerge, causing broken flame symmetry and finally flame flashback. The numerical results reveal that flashback tendency increase with increasing wall temperature and hydrogen addition rate. 相似文献
3.
Amino acid modified polyaspartic acids were evaluated as calcium-scale inhibitors. Feasibility of scale inhibition experiments was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation and Gaussian optimization, and the scale inhibition mechanism was theoretically analyzed. Scale inhibition performance was studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, static scale inhibition experiments, and electrochemical performance testing, which provided an experimental basis for the molecular dynamics simulation. The experimental results showed that Arg-SA-PASP has better scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition performance than His-SA-PASP. The scale inhibition effect increased with increasing concentration. Electrochemical tests indicated that Arg-SA-PASP is an excellent scale and corrosion inhibitor. 相似文献
4.
Aziz Boutouil Ilhame Elazhary Hicham Ben El Ayouchia Hafid Anane Mohammadine El Haddad 《Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology》2020,34(5):549-578
Abstract4-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methylbenzophenone (ITBP) and 4[4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methylbenzophenone (TTBP) are synthesized as new heterocyclic compounds of the triazole derivative family and tested successfully as potential inhibitors for MS in 1?M H2SO4 corrosive medium by using gravimetric analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Polarization curves show that the tested inhibitors are mixed-type inhibitors. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) affirmed the existence of an adsorbed film on the steel surface. Monte Carlo simulations were in excellent agreement with the experimental tests. Abbreviation: PDP: Potentiodynamic Polarization; EIS: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; DFT: Density functional theory; MC: Monte Carlo 相似文献
5.
以从自然腐败的樱桃上分离的链格孢霉(Alternaria sp.)LD3.0086为指示菌,研究苯乳酸对链格孢霉的主要抑制作用靶位。应用分光光度法测定苯乳酸对链格孢霉的最小抑菌浓度,通过卡尔科弗卢尔荧光增白剂染液(calcofluor white,CFW)染色观察苯乳酸对菌丝顶端生长的破坏作用,利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察链格孢霉的超微结构变化,通过测定苯乳酸作用前后链格孢霉上清液中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺质量浓度变化研究苯乳酸对菌丝细胞壁的破坏作用,应用荧光双染色法观察苯乳酸对链格孢霉菌丝细胞膜的损伤作用。结果表明,12.5 mmol/L的苯乳酸能有效抑制链格孢霉的生长;与对照组(无菌水处理)相比,苯乳酸处理后链格孢霉顶端生长细胞无明显形变,经12.5 mmol/L苯乳酸处理的链格孢霉上清液中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺质量浓度基本不变;苯乳酸处理24 h,链格孢霉菌丝细胞壁表面无明显损伤,细胞内结构发生明显变化;苯乳酸短时间(4 h)处理链格孢霉,菌丝细胞膜仍较为完整,加入苯乳酸较长时间(8 h)后细胞膜发生破裂。综合分析可知,苯乳酸对链格孢霉的主要作用靶位应不是菌丝体的细胞壁和细胞膜,而是在菌丝体内部,通过破坏菌丝内部细胞器结构或引起细胞内的生化反应,从而抑制链格孢霉的生长和繁殖,发挥抑菌活性。 相似文献
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J. Grune K. Sempert M. Kuznetsov T. Jordan 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(23):12487-12496
This paper presents results of experimental investigations on spherical and cylindrical flame propagation in pre-mixed H2/air-mixtures in unconfined and semi-confined geometries. The experiments were performed in a facility consisting of two transparent solid walls with 1 m2 area and four weak side walls made from thin plastic film. The gap size between the solid walls was varied stepwise from thin layer geometry (6 mm) to cube geometry (1 m). A wide range of H2/air-mixtures with volumetric hydrogen concentrations from 10% to 45% H2 was ignited between the transparent solid walls. The propagating flame front and its structure was observed with a large scale high speed shadow system. Results of spherical and cylindrical flame propagation up to a radius of 0.5 m were analyzed. The presented spherical burning velocity model is used to discuss the self-acceleration phenomena in unconfined and unobstructed pre-mixed H2/air flames. 相似文献
8.
Clay polyurethane nanocomposite (CPN) coating films were fabricated by uniformly dispersing nanoclay, organically modified with 25–30 wt.% octadecylamine in varying concentrations up to 5 wt.%, in a commercial two component, glossy, acrylic aliphatic polyurethane using ultrasonication. Organo-modified nanoclay was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dispersion of the nanoclay into the matrix was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CPN coating films were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and flame retardant, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties were also investigated. The XRD measurement indicated that, the organo-modified nanoclay particles were mainly constituted of montmorillonite with traces of quartz and calcite also found to be present. The SEM analysis showed that the nanoclay layers were dispersed and intercalated into the polyurethane coating. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that incorporating 5 wt.% organo-nanoclay into polyurethane considerably enhanced the thermal stability and increased the char residue to 14.11 wt.% relative to 4.58 for the sample without organo-nanoclay (blank polyurethane). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) test revealed that incorporation of organo-nanoclay led to a further increase in LOI values, which indicate an improvement in flame retardancy properties. The corrosion resistance also improved and this improvement increases with increase nanoclay wt.%. The mechanical resistance measurements demonstrated that the gloss of the CPN coating films slightly decreased, although hardness, adhesion and impact resistance of the CPN coating films improved with the incorporation of the organo-nanoclay. 相似文献
9.
《能源学会志》2020,93(6):2381-2387
To enhance the activity of catalysts for CO removal, the perovskite-type catalysts La1-xSrxCoO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) with different Sr2+ doping amount were synthesized by flame spray synthesis (FSS) method. The perovskite-type catalyst synthesized by FSS has a much larger specific surface area (SSA) than that prepared by other conventional methods. The SSA of catalyst increases with the increase of Sr2+ doping amount and the SSA of La0.2Sr0.8CoO3 reaches 31.65 m2/g. Compared with other conventional methods, FSS method significantly improves the activity of catalyst and makes it close to the performances of catalysts with surface modification. The substitution of La3+ by Sr2+ promotes the generation of secondary phase Co3O4 and SrCO3. The catalytic activity of La1-xSrxCoO3 increases with the addition of Sr2+, which results from the increasing active sites and oxygen vacancies. Interestingly, La0.4Sr0.6CoO3 performs the highest activity for CO oxidation and the CO conversion reaches 50% at 148.6 °C and 90% at 165.9 °C. The oxidation of CO over La1-xSrxCoO3 catalyst may follow a combination of MvK and L-H mechanisms according to the experimental results of H2-TPR. Moreover, the catalyst exhibits good catalytic activity in consecutive oxidation cycles. In consecutive oxidation experiments with La0.4Sr0.6CoO3, the CO conversion reaches 50% at 168.8 °C and 90% at 197.8 °C in the eighth oxidation cycle. These results prove that FSS method can further improve the activity of catalysts and is suitable for the preparation of efficient catalysts. 相似文献
10.
The flame front deformation instability of low-velocity filtration combustion within an inert packed bed is studied based on the initial preheating non-uniformity. Based on the experimental phenomena, an initial thermal perturbation model is numerically proposed so as to predict the deformation behaviors of the flame front instabilities. The numerical prediction indicates that the assumption of an initial thermal perturbation is a feasible explanation as the cause of the flame front inclination instability. As the initial thermal perturbation increases, the phenomena of the flame front break and shrinking instabilities could easily occur at high filtration velocity or low equivalence ratio. Moreover, the evolutions of the flame front break rate and the shrinking rate are quantitatively analyzed. 相似文献