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1.
《岩石力学与岩土工程学报(英文版)》2022,14(5):1556-1567
Wind erosion is one of the significant natural calamities worldwide, which degrades around one-third of global land. The eroded and suspended soil particles in the environment may cause health hazards, i.e. allergies and respiratory diseases, due to the presence of harmful contaminants, bacteria, and pollens. The present study evaluates the feasibility of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technique to mitigate wind-induced erosion of calcareous desert sand (Thar desert of Rajasthan province in India). The temperature during biotreatment was kept at 36 °C to stimulate the average temperature of the Thar desert. The spray method was used for bioaugmentation of Sporosarcina (S.) pasteurii and further treatment using chemical solutions. The chemical solution of 0.25 pore volume was sprayed continuously up to 5 d, 10 d, 15 d, and 20 d, using two different concentration ratios of urea and calcium chloride dihydrate viz 2:1 and 1:1. The biotreated samples were subjected to erosion testing (in the wind tunnel) at different wind speeds of 10 m/s, 20 m/s, and 30 m/s. The unconfined compressive strength of the biocemented crust was measured using a pocket penetrometer. The variation in calcite precipitation and microstructure (including the presence of crystalline minerals) of untreated as well as biotreated sand samples were determined through calcimeter, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX). The results demonstrated that the erosion of untreated sand increases with an increase in wind speeds. When compared to untreated sand, a lower erosion was observed in all biocemented sand samples, irrespective of treatment condition and wind speed. It was observed that the sample treated with 1:1 cementation solution for up to 5 d, was found to effectively resist erosion at a wind speed of 10 m/s. Moreover, a significant erosion resistance was ascertained in 15 d and 20 d treated samples at higher wind speeds. The calcite content percentage, thickness of crust, bulk density, and surface strength of biocemented sand were enhanced with the increase in treatment duration. The 1:1 concentration ratio of cementation solution was found effective in improving crust thickness and surface strength as compared to 2:1 concentration ratio of cementation solution. The calcite crystals formation was observed in SEM analysis and calcium peaks were observed in EDX analysis for biotreated sand. 相似文献
2.
诱导式卫星欺骗干扰可诱导航空器逐渐偏离预定航迹,难以被发现,因此及时有效地检测干扰是飞行安全的保障。在现有紧组合导航体制基础上,设计了一种基于误差估值累加开环校正的紧组合导航结构,并证明了其性能与传统闭环校正紧组合导航性能等效。在此结构中,将紧组合导航系统与自适应序贯概率比检测方法结合,提出了一种基于误差估值累加开环校正的诱导式欺骗检测方法,融合紧组合导航信息与其他不受欺骗影响的导航信息,构建欺骗检测统计量进行诱导式欺骗检测。仿真结果表明,开环校正结构可避免随时间累加的惯性导航系统误差所导致的组合导航滤波器发散问题,同时欺骗检测方法可进一步提高算法对“最坏”情形下微小诱导式欺骗的检测效果。 相似文献
3.
《岩石力学与岩土工程学报(英文版)》2022,14(5):1470-1485
In recent years, the invert anomalies of operating railway tunnels in water-rich areas occur frequently, which greatly affect the transportation capacity of the railway lines. Tunnel drainage system is a crucial factor to ensure the invert stability by regulating the external water pressure (EWP). By means of a three-dimensional (3D) printing model, this paper experimentally investigates the deformation behavior of the invert for the tunnels with the traditional drainage system (TDS) widely used in China and its optimized drainage system (ODS) with bottom drainage function. Six test groups with a total of 110 test conditions were designed to consider the design factors and environmental factors in engineering practice, including layout of the drainage system, blockage of the drainage system and groundwater level fluctuation. It was found that there are significant differences in the water discharge, EWP and invert stability for the tunnels with the two drainage systems. Even with a dense arrangement of the external blind tubes, TDS was still difficult to eliminate the excessive EWP below the invert, which is the main cause for the invert instability. Blockage of drainage system further increased the invert uplift and aggravated the track irregularity, especially when the blockage degree is more than 50%. However, ODS can prevent these invert anomalies by reasonably controlling the EWP at tunnel bottom. Even when the groundwater level reached 60 m and the blind tubes were fully blocked, the invert stability can still be maintained and the railway track experienced a settlement of only 1.8 mm. Meanwhile, the on-site monitoring under several rainstorms further showed that the average EWP of the invert was controlled within 84 kPa, while the maximum settlement of the track slab was only 0.92 mm, which also was in good agreement with the results of model test. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2022,42(5):2429-2440
A ring-on-ring (ROR) test is a prevailing test method for evaluating the equi-biaxial strength of glass materials. However, current ROR test standards limit the strength and size of glass to prevent a nonlinear behavior. In this study, the feasibility of ROR testing for non-standard, high-strength glass, such as tempered or ion-exchanged rectangular glass is investigated. To this end, ROR simulation based on theory and experiment is conducted for thirty non-standard glasses with widths of 100–300 mm and aspect ratios of 1.0–2.0. As a result, the maximum measurable stress was about 215.6 MPa for 100 × 200 mm glass and 481.3 MPa for 300 × 600 mm glass with a 3% deviation, which is well above the strength of regular tempered glass. The main purpose of this work is to understand the range of aspect ratio of horizontal and vertical widths of a glass plate that can be evaluated by the standard ROR test. 相似文献
5.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(24):36860-36870
For the advantages of high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and ultra-high hardness, SiCf/SiC composite is becoming a preferred material for manufacturing aero-engine parts. However, the anisotropy and heterogeneity bring great challenges to the processing technology. In this study, a nanosecond pulsed laser is applied to process SiCf/SiC composite, where the influence of the scanning speed and laser scanning direction to the SiC fibers on the morphology of ablated grooves is investigated. The surface characteristics after ablation and the involved chemical reaction of SiCf/SiC are explored. The results show that the increased laser scanning speed, accompanied by the decreasing spot overlap rate, leads to the less accumulation of energy on the material surface, so the ablation effect drops. In addition, for the anisotropy of the SiCf/SiC material, the obtained surface characteristics are closely dependent on the laser scanning direction to the SiC fibers, resulting in different groove morphology. The element composition and phase analysis of the machined surface indicate that the main deposited product is SiO2 and the carbon substance. The results can provide preliminary technical support for controlling the machining quality of ceramic matrix composites. 相似文献
6.
7.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(65):27973-27985
Metal-support interaction and catalyst pretreatment are important for industrial catalysis. This work investigated the effect of supports (SiO2, CeO2, TiO2 and ZrO2) for Cu–Pd catalyst with high Cu/Pd ratio (Cu/Pd = 33.5) regarding catalyst cost, and the reduction temperatures of 350 °C and 550 °C were compared. The activity based on catalyst weight follows the order of Si > Ce > Zr > Ti when reduced at 350 °C. The reduction temperature leads to the surface reconstruction over the SiO2, CeO2 and TiO2 catalysts, while results in phase transition over Cu–Pd/ZrO2. The effect of reduction temperature on catalytic performance is prominent for the SiO2 and ZrO2 supported catalysts but not for the CeO2 and TiO2 ones. Among the investigated catalysts, Zr-350 exhibits the highest methanol yield. This work reveals the importance of the supports and pretreatment conditions on the physical-chemical properties and the catalytic performance of the Cu–Pd bimetallic catalysts. 相似文献
8.
9.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(4):5154-5161
An investigation was made into the electrochemical, structural and biological properties of self-organized amorphous and anatase/rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes deposited on Ti–35Nb–4Zr alloy through anodization-induced surface modification. The surface of as-anodized and heat-treated TiO2 nanotubes was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), revealing morphological parameters such as tube diameter, wall thickness and cross-sectional length. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) was employed to identify the structural phases of titanium dioxide, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure surface roughness associated with cell interaction properties. The electrochemical stability of TiO2 was examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the results obtained were correlated with the microstructural characterization. The in vitro bioactivity of as-anodized and crystallized TiO2 nanotubes was also analyzed as a function of the presence of different TiO2 polymorphic phases. The results indicated that anatase TiO2 showed higher surface corrosion resistance and greater cell viability than amorphous TiO2, confirming that TiO2 nanotube crystallization plays an important role in the material's electrochemical behavior and biocompatibility. 相似文献
10.
Xuewu Li Lin Zhang Tian Shi Weining Yu Jinhui Shao Xuegang Zhou Yuxing He Binbin Zhang 《工业材料与腐蚀》2021,72(5):951-959
Ti-based amorphous metallic glasses have excellent mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, which is an important development direction and research hotspot of metal composite reinforcement. As a stable, simple, efficient, and large-scale preparation technology of metallic powders, the gas atomization process provides an effective way of preparing amorphous metallic glasses. In this study, the controllable fabrication of a Ti-based amorphous powder, with high efficiency, has been realized by using gas atomization. The scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction are used to analyze surface morphology, element distribution, and phase structure, respectively. A microhardness tester is used to measure the mechanical property. An electrochemical workstation is used to characterize corrosion behavior. The results show that as-prepared microparticles are more uniform and exhibit good amorphous characteristics. The mechanical test shows that the hardness of amorphous powder is significantly increased as compared with that before preparation, which has the prospect of being an important part of engineering reinforced materials. Further electrochemical measurement shows that the corrosion resistance of the as-prepared sample is also significantly improved. This study has laid a solid foundation for expanding applications of Ti-based metallic glasses, especially in heavy-duty and corrosive domains. 相似文献