添加矿物型MC凝聚剂实现煤泥水深度澄清的实验室试验

重点介绍矿物型MC凝聚剂和阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂联合添加促进煤泥水澄清的实验室试验过程及相关分析,试验的特点是用分光光度计和电导率仪进行模拟性试验。试验结果表明,采用MC凝聚剂能高效获得极为清净的澄清水。     

复合苦荞粉通便作用的研究

通过对小鼠做通便药效试验,研究复合苦荞粉的通便作用。以小鼠为试验对象,随机分为5组,即空白对照组、模型对照组和复合苦荞粉低、中、高3个剂量组。采用复方地芬诺酯灌胃建立小鼠便秘模型,通过测定小肠推进率、首次排黑便时间、排黑便粒数以及排黑便质量,判断复合苦荞粉对小鼠肠道蠕动和排便功能的影响。在连续灌胃14 d后,高剂量组小鼠的墨汁推进显著高于模型对照组(p0.05);高剂量组的小鼠排黑便粒数高于模型对照组,呈极显著差异(p0.01),低、中剂量组的排黑便粒显著高于模型对照组(p0.05);各剂量组的排黑便质量均极显著高于模型对照组(p0.01);而首次排黑便时间各剂量组与模型组之间无显著差异。复合苦荞粉能有效增强肠道蠕动并促进排便,改善便秘。     

黄酒对便秘模型小鼠通便及肠道菌群的影响

研究黄酒对小鼠通便功能作用及便秘小鼠肠道菌群的影响。 体质量、小肠墨汁推进率、首粒黑便排出时间、粪便质量实验结 果表明,高剂量黄酒能够延缓小鼠体质量增长,黄酒未能显著促进便秘小鼠肠道蠕动、缩短首粒黑便排出时间,未能显著增加便秘小 鼠粪便质量。16S rDNA测序分析结果显示,高剂量和中剂量组在物种丰富度上显著高于模型对照组（P＜0.05）;高剂量黄酒能够上调 Akkermansia muciniphila、乳杆菌的比例;下调拟杆菌（Bacteroides）、肠球菌（Enterococcus）、梭菌（Clostridium）和变形杆菌（Proteus）的 比例。 在实验剂量下,未见黄酒具有明显的通便功能作用,黄酒对便秘小鼠肠道菌群结构有调节作用。     

圆苞车前子壳复配粉剂的通便功能研究

目的 研究通便粉剂的通便功能。方法 按照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003版)中通便作用检验方法,对通便粉剂的通便功能进行研究。动物实验：经口分别以408、815和1630 mg/kg.BW剂量的受试物对小鼠灌胃,7d后测定其小肠墨汁推进率、排首粒黑便时间、6 h内排粪便粒数和粪便重量。结果 与空白对照组相比,便秘模型对照组、各剂量组小鼠体重均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与便秘模型组比较,各剂量组小鼠小肠墨汁推进率显著增加(P<0.05),首次排黑便时间明显缩短(P<0.01),6 h内排黑便粒数和重量显著增加(P<0.01)。结论 通便粉剂具有通便作用。     

基于模糊层次分析法的自动排泄处理器设计评估

目的利用模糊层次理论将产品设计中的定性问题与用户需求结合起来,对自动排泄处理器进行了综合分析评价,以设计出符合用户心理需求及具有良好使用性的产品。方法采用德菲尔调研法对用户及市场进行需求分析,构建自动排泄处理器的评价因素集,建立层次分析模型,结合模糊综合评价法对其进行评价,定量计算各设计因素评价指标。结果通过实例验证,表明该方法在自动排泄处理器设计元素综合评价中具有较强的可靠性和可行性。结论该方法可对产品设计中的各项因素进行定量计算,并对设计方案进行全面、客观评价,为产品方案的选择提供了量化的决策依据。     

酿酒米浆水循环利用方法的研究

研究了以硅藻土，活性炭为吸附剂对传统黄酒酿造生产的酸度在6.0g/L左右的米浆水进行吸附澄清处理的工艺。通过条件试验和正交试验，确定了米浆水澄清的最适工艺条件。结果表明，在最适工艺条件下，即当用石灰乳调米浆水pH为8．0，硅藻土加量为6.0g/L，活性炭加量为8.0g/L，静置吸附时间为30min时，处理后米浆水的透光度可达85．0％。通过米浆水澄清循环浸米七次，酿酒七次及从米浆水中回收的有机物酿酒七次，并与自来水浸米酿酒对比，从而表明，米浆水澄清循环浸米可以缩短浸米时间，米浆水酸度提前到达。酒样指标与《黄酒》国标GB／T13662－2000和《绍兴酒》国标GB17946－2000完全相符。米浆水澄清循环浸米水的回用率约为70％。     

Urination and defecation by group-housed dairy calves

A better understanding of when and where group-housed calves are most likely to defecate or urinate might permit improved housing design or more efficient use of cleaning routines. However, this is the first study to address the urination and defecation habits of calves. The primary aims of this study were to report the daily frequency of calves’ urination and defecation and determine when and where group-housed dairy calves defecate and urinate most frequently. We were also interested to see if incidence of urination and defecation changed with increasing age and the change in diet at weaning. We observed 36 female Holstein calves, housed in groups of 9, and fed milk, grain, and hay from automated feeders. For the purposes of another experiment, these calves were assigned to 1 of 3 experimental treatments relating to age at start of weaning and milk allowance: low milk allowance and early weaning (6 L/d, 42 d), high milk allowance and early weaning (12 L/d, 42 d), and high milk allowance and late weaning (12 L/d, 84 d) The occurrence of defecations and urinations was determined by continuous observation of video recordings taken over 72 h at 2 age periods (age, mean ± SD; period 1 = 32.0 ± 11.13 d and period 2 = 61 ± 11.29 d). Due to the treatments, weaned and unweaned calves were observed in each period (period 1: 34 unweaned and 2 weaned calves; period 2: 16 unweaned and 20 weaned calves). Large differences were found between calves in mean daily frequency of total urinations and defecations across a 3-d period (mean = 17.56 ± 5.07/d, range = 4.33 to 28.67). Differences between individual calves did not change significantly over time, provided calves remained unweaned. Two days of observation was sufficient to give a reliable estimate of daily urination and defecation frequency. Frequency of urination and defecations was higher in calves postweaning. Higher age and visits to the milk feeder were associated with a higher frequency of urinations and defecations preweaning. After weaning, frequency of eliminations increased with increasing visits to the water feeder. An effect of time of day was observed, with significantly more events during daylight hours (0600–1800 h) in comparison to night (1800–0600 h). Before weaning, calves urinated and defecated significantly more on slatted flooring and sawdust-bedded areas than within the feeder (daily mean ± SD = 6.96 ± 3.15, 6.49 ± 3.90, and 4.10 ± 2.67 for slatted floor, bedded floor, and feeder areas, respectively). Frequency of eliminations in feeders and slatted, but not sawdust-bedded, areas was higher in calves postweaning. Calves urinate and defecate more frequently during daylight hours when they are more active. Slatted flooring around feeders is useful to reduce soiling of bedded areas, particularly as calves increase in age.     

中低位直肠癌患者的肛门直肠功能及其影响因素

目的　研究中低位直肠癌患者的肛门直肠功能及其影响因素。方法　2012年9月至2013年11月连续纳入在北京协和医院就诊的中低位直肠癌患者，填写中低位直肠癌患者排便功能的研究报告表，并进行三维高分辨肛门直肠压力测定检查。根据肿瘤远侧缘距肛缘的距离将患者分为中位组和低位组。结果　共纳入66例中低位直肠癌患者，其中男45例，女21例；平均年龄（58.86±10.99）岁；低位组22例，中位组44例。95.5%患者有便血，50.0%排便次数增多，30.3%~40.9%有粪便性状异常、排便急迫感、排便不尽感、里急后重等症状；便血、排便次数、排便不尽感与肿瘤浸润深度呈正相关（r=0.308，P=0.012；r=0.290，P=0.018；r=0.305，P=0.013）。所有患者的直肠肛门抑制反射均无受损，持续便意感阈值和最大耐受量均较正常值明显降低；持续便意感阈值、最大耐受量与肿瘤浸润深度呈负相关（r=-0.333，P=0.007；r=-0.323，P=0.009）。与中位组相比，低位组患者排便费力发生率高（27.2%比6.8%，P=0.031），肛门平均静息压低［87.20（49.80）mm Hg比108.25（41.80）mm Hg，P=0.017］。结论　在中低位直肠癌患者，除便血外，排便症状多样化，且不具有特异性；中低位直肠癌患者的直肠感觉功能受损明显，肿瘤浸润深度和肿瘤远侧缘距肛缘的距离不同程度地影响患者肛门直肠感觉和动力功能。     

渣选精、尾矿浓缩溢流水沉降澄清试验研究与应用

介绍新渣选车间浓密机溢流水沉降澄清试验研究和应用的过程及所取得的成果。