基于循环神经网络的散焦图像去模糊算法

近年来,基于深度学习的运动模糊去除算法得到了广泛关注,然而单幅散焦图像去模糊算法鲜有研究。为针对性地解决单幅图像的散焦模糊问题,提出一种基于循环神经网络的散焦图像去模糊算法。首先级联两个残差网络,分别完成散焦图估计和图像去模糊;随后,为了保证散焦图和清晰图像的深度特征可以更好地跨阶段传播以及阶段内相互作用,在残差网络中引入LSTM（long short-term memory）循环层;最后,整个残差网络进行了多次迭代,迭代过程中网络参数共享。为了训练网络,制作了一个合成散焦图像数据集,每一张散焦图像都包含对应的清晰图像和散焦图。实验结果表明,该算法相较于对比算法在主客观图像质量评价上均有显著优势,在复原结果中具有更锐利的边缘和清晰的细节。对于真实双像素图像散焦模糊数据集DPD,该算法相比DPDNet-Single在峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似性（SSIM）上分别提高了0.77 dB、5.6%,因此所提方法可以有效处理真实场景散焦模糊。     

由粗到精的虹膜图像离焦模糊评价方法

离焦模糊评价在虹膜识别系统中尤为重要。传统的方法是通过频谱分析测量虹膜图像的离焦模糊程度,这类方法容易受到光照变化以及睫毛和眼皮等噪声区域的影响。提出了一种由粗到精的虹膜图像离焦模糊评价方法。第一步,通过频谱分析去除严重模糊的虹膜图像,进行虹膜图像离焦模糊粗分类。第二步,通过方向金字塔分解,提取虹膜图像的质量特征。在人工合成的离焦模糊虹膜图像数据库中,利用径向基神经网络建立起质量特征与质量等级间的对应关系。通过建立起的模型进行实际的虹膜图像离焦模糊等级预测,以及虹膜图像离焦模糊精分类。在Clarkson数据库上的实验结果证明了该方法不仅可以准确区分清晰图像和离焦模糊图像,而且相比于传统的虹膜图像离焦评价方法更接近于人的视觉感知。     

基于图像散焦测深方式的深度估计方法研究

基于图像散焦特征测深的基本原理是通过X-Y平面上的散焦图像特征而获得Z方向上的深度信息。散焦量的计算有多种方法，本文提出一种优化的方法，使其对噪声的敏感性大大降低，提高了深度估计的精度。     

部分模糊核已知的混合模糊图像复原算法

真实环境中得到的图像常会受到多种模糊降质过程的影响,导致成像质量下降,为此提出一种图像退化模型及相应的复原算法.与传统的级联方式不同,该算法假定模糊核函数是散焦与运动模糊的加权和形式;在散焦模糊给定的情况下,使用广义拉普拉斯分布作为运动模糊的统计模型,并在期望最大化(EM)算法框架下估计模糊核函数;最后利用估计的模糊核函数进行图像复原.实验结果表明,采用文中的复原算法能够较为准确地辨识出模糊核,提升了图像复原的效果.     

Rational Filters for Passive Depth from Defocus

A fundamental problem in depth from defocus is the measurement of relative defocus between images. The performance of previously proposed focus operators are inevitably sensitive to the frequency spectra of local scene textures. As a result, focus operators such as the Laplacian of Gaussian result in poor depth estimates. An alternative is to use large filter banks that densely sample the frequency space. Though this approach can result in better depth accuracy, it sacrifices the computational efficiency that depth from defocus offers over stereo and structure from motion. We propose a class of broadband operators that, when used together, provide invariance to scene texture and produce accurate and dense depth maps. Since the operators are broadband, a small number of them are sufficient for depth estimation of scenes with complex textural properties. In addition, a depth confidence measure is derived that can be computed from the outputs of the operators. This confidence measure permits further refinement of computed depth maps. Experiments are conducted on both synthetic and real scenes to evaluate the performance of the proposed operators. The depth detection gain error is less than 1%, irrespective of texture frequency. Depth accuracy is found to be 0.51.2% of the distance of the object from the imaging optics.     

一种离焦模糊图像的复原方法

图像复原是一种去除或减轻在获取数字图像过程中发生的图像质量下降的方法.为了获得更好的离焦图像复原质量,在通过对离焦模糊图像复原进行了较为系统的研究后,提出了一种基于维纳滤波频域的复原方法,结果表明该方法具有较好的改善图像复原效果和较快的速度.图像散焦信息的干扰得到有效排除,噪声得到有效抑制,信噪比得到明显改善.     

基于景物散焦图像的距离测量

计算机视觉中,景物三维重建的关键是从景物的图像中计算出景物目标到摄像机的距离,提出了一种基于散焦图像计算景物距离的新方法。该方法利用远心光学镜头拍摄景物图像,通过改变像检测到镜头的距离获得同一景物的两幅散焦程度不同的图像,将获得灰度图像转换成梯度图像。利用矩不变原理计算梯度图像中边缘区的大小与整个图像匹配大小的比Pe,根据两幅图像的Pe值计算出景物的深度。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性,并对该方法产生的误差进行了分析。     

离焦和球差效应对高分辨率电镜性能参数的影响

从离焦效应和球差效应出发，分析了它们对高分辨率电子显微镜分辨率和通带宽度的影响。得出了最佳欠焦量下分辨率与球差系数和电子波长的关系．在最佳欠焦条件下，分辩率与球差系数的-1/4次方成正比，与电子波长的-3/4次方成正比，通带宽度随欠焦量绝对值的增大而减小．     

基准离焦偏差控制技术

一种新的采用基准离焦信号的针孔调焦方案,用于激光直写的自动对焦子系统。通过在离焦曲线上提取参考离焦信号,建立基准离焦判据,它能容易地区分前离焦或后离焦,有效地克服了原有针孔调焦方案难于根据离焦信号来分辨离焦方向的弱点。借助微处理器和模拟电路实现了这一方案,并因此获得了均匀的1靘线宽的线条。     

Fuzzy Based Hybrid Focus Value Estimation for Multi Focus Image Fusion

Due to limited depth-of-field of digital single-lens reflex cameras, the scene content within a limited distance from the imaging plane remains in focus while other objects closer to or further away from the point of focus appear as blurred (out-of-focus) in the image. Multi-Focus Image Fusion can be used to reconstruct a fully focused image from two or more partially focused images of the same scene. In this paper, a new Fuzzy Based Hybrid Focus Measure (FBHFM) for multi-focus image fusion has been proposed. Optimal block size is very critical step for multi-focus image fusion. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used to find optimal size of the block of the images for extraction of focus measure features. After finding optimal blocks, three focus measures Sum of Modified Laplacian, Gray Level Variance and Contrast Visibility has been extracted and combined these focus measures by using intelligent fuzzy technique. Fuzzy based hybrid intelligent focus values were estimated using contrast visibility measure to generate focused image. Different sets of multi-focus images have been used in detailed experimentation and compared the results with state-of-the-art existing techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Laplacian Pyramid discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and aDWT for image fusion. It has been found that proposed method performs well as compare to existing methods.