Liquid Marble Patchwork on Super-Repellent Surface

Liquid marble (LM) is a droplet that is wrapped by hydrophobic solid particles, which behave as a non-wetting soft solid. Based on these properties, LM can be applied in fluidics and soft device applications. A wide variety of functional particles have been synthesized to form functional LMs. However, the formation of multifunctional LMs by integrating several types of functional particles is challenging. Here, a general strategy for the flexible patterning of functional particles on droplet surfaces in a patchwork-like design is reported. It is shown that LMs can switch their macroscopic behavior between a stable and active state on super-repellent surfaces in situ by jamming/unjamming the surface particles. Active LMs hydrostatically coalesce to form a self-sorted particle pattern on the droplet surface. With the support of LM handling robotics, on-demand cyclic activation–manipulation–coalescence–stabilization protocols by LMs with different sizes and particle types result in the reliable design of multi-faced LMs. Based on this concept, a single bi-functional LM is designed from two mono-functional LMs as an advanced droplet carrier.     

室温下ZnO超疏水表面的制备及油水分离性能

利用简便的液相法,在室温下于不锈钢网上沉积ZnO纳米片和纳米花粗糙结构,接着通过浸渍法修饰低表面能物质硬脂酸,制备了超疏水不锈钢网。对沉积后的不锈钢网表面形貌、晶体结构、润湿性能、耐磨性能、油水分离性能等进行表征与测定。结果表明,该不锈钢网表面由纳米片和纳米花组成的微纳米结构ZnO构成,具有超疏水性,水接触角161 °;油水分离效率达98%,循环使用20次后分离效率仍保持在95.5%以上;具有良好的机械耐磨性,在高盐环境中表现出化学稳定性。     

多孔结构耐磨超疏水薄膜的制备及性能

为了获得持久稳定的超疏水材料,本研究将聚偏氟乙烯共六氟丙烯共聚物（P(VDF-HFP)）和疏水改性的纳米三氧化二铝（Al2O3）进行复合并通过溶剂/非溶剂诱导相分离法制备了一种耐磨超疏水薄膜。采用SEM及能谱分析仪和接触角测量仪分别对薄膜的表面微观结构、化学组成和疏水性能进行表征。结果表明：制备的薄膜具有自相似微纳米复合微观结构。并且薄膜具有优异的自清洁性和耐机械摩擦性,即使经历360个周期的砂纸磨损（100 g载重）后仍保持超疏水性。除此之外薄膜具有优异耐化学溶液和紫外灯照射稳定性。     

Robust Superhydrophobic Fabric for Durability,Self-Cleaning,and Oil/Water Separation via Thiol–Acrylate Polymerization

In recent years, highly efficient oil/water separation materials have brought much attention. It requests superhydrophobic surfaces with a rapid and facile separation process, excellent durability, and large-scale fabrication. Herein, a facile vapor-liquid sol-gel, and free radical polymerization reaction method to prepare the durable and robust superhydrophobic cotton fabric is proposed. Moreover, the fabric can be used for highly efficient and various oil/water separation. It is prepared via a simple two-step process, including a vapor-liquid sol-gel process to deposit with thiols particles, and then followed a free radical polymerization reaction to graft 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry prove that the rough structures are generated from the hydrolysis condensation reaction between tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane. As a result, the synthetic chemical composition provided by the natural fabric and silica nanoparticles synergistically construct a superhydrophobic surface with water contact angles and shedding angle of 158° and 9°, respectively. Additionally, the treated fabric exhibits excellent chemical resistance and self-cleaning ability. Remarkably, the fabric still retains superhydrophobic and excellent mechanical robustness after 30 cycles of various oil/water separation. In summary, the resultant fabrics with excellent chemical resistance, remarkable mechanical robustness, and versatile separation abilities have potential applications in various oil/water separations.     

Pressure Response through Valve for Continuous Oil-Water Separation Based on a Flexible Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Film

Highly efficient oil-water separation shows urgent demand in industrial applications, especially in oil-spill accidents and organic solvent separation. Herein, a novel method is proposed for continuous oil-water separation by a pressure response through valve, which is loaded in a flexible convolute superhydrophobic/superoleophilic film based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV). The superhydrophobic/superoleophilic LDPE/EPDM TPV film (with contact angles of oil and water are 0° and 161.9°± 2.2°) is prepared only via a molding process where sandpaper is used as the template. The superhydrophobic/superoleophilic property of the TPV film shows robust performance in the activity endurance test. More importantly, the flexible LDPE/EPDM TPV film can be easily rolled up and loaded in through valve, which is the pressure response channel in oil-water separation. The typical separation pressure of oil and water is 3.01 and 6.17 kPa, which means the oil can be completely separated from the oil-water mixture under proper pressure in the pressure response through valve.     

Facile Fabrication of Povidone Iodine-Embedded Polytetrafluoroethylene Superhydrophobic Films with Improved Antiadhesive and Bactericidal Properties in Bacterial Environments

It remains a challenge to maintain the antiadhesion properties of superhydrophobic films after exposure to bacterial environments. In this work, superhydrophobic bactericidal polymer films via the simple incorporation of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) or iodine into polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are fabricated to improve their antiadhesive and antibacterial capability. Superhydrophobic iodine-embedded films, polytetrafluoroethylene/polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine and polytetrafluoroethylene-iodine (PTFE/PVP-I and PTFE-I), show excellent antiadhesive and bactericidal performances even post exposure to bacterial solutions as compared to iodine-free counterparts by controlling the release of iodine. Especially, superhydrophobic PTFE/PVP-I films display a more sustained iodine release profile and significant antibacterial properties against gram-positive (S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. Such a facile combination of antiseptic agents and superhydrophobic surface could be widely used for antiseptic biomedical applications.     

PAN/FPU Composite Nanofiber Membrane with Superhydrophobic and Superoleophobic Surface as a Filter Element for High-Efficiency Protective Masks

Recently, because of the outbreak of COVID-19, the demand for various types of filter elements in protective materials has increased globally. Furthermore, new requirements for the filtration performance of PM2.5 liquid (oil) particles have been put forward. In this work, Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic composite nanofibers with excellent filtration capacity for oil and salt particles are developed through the modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by fluoro-polyurethane (FPU) doping. The results show that the PAN/FPU composite nanofibers doped with 9 wt% FPU has a uniform fiber morphology with a diameter of 240 ± 30 nm. Compared to the pure PAN nanofibers, the water-based contact angle of PAN/FPU increases from 90 ± 5° to 151 ± 5°, and the oil-based contact angle increases from 58 ± 2° to 152 ± 3°. Importantly, at a high flow rate of 95 L min⁻¹, the filtration efficiency of the PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane for 0.3 µm oil particles increases from 92 ± 1% to 99.2 ± 0.1%. After cyclic loading, the filtration efficiency of 0.3 µm oil particles remains above 98%. Meanwhile, the filtration efficiency for 0.3 µm salt particles remains at 98.23 ± 0.1%. The PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane developed in this work is effective in applications and has good market prospects as a protective filtration material.     

PE基聚硅氧烷/改性SiO2超疏水薄膜的构筑

使用十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷(OTMS)对纳米SiO2进行表面疏水改性,将得到的改性纳米SiO2(OTMS-SiO2)添加到有机硅树脂(SI)中,然后采用两步法在聚乙烯(PE)薄膜表面固化制备了复合涂层SI/OTMS-SiO2.通过FTIR、1HNMR、29SiNMR、TGA对OTMS-SiO2及复合涂层进行了表征,采用接触角测量仪、SEM、AFM对复合涂层疏水特性和形貌进行了测试和观察,最后对复合涂层的耐磨性和附着力进行了分析.结果表明,SiO2表面成功引入了OTMS,且OTMS-SiO2均匀附着在硅树脂涂层上,增加了表面粗糙度,得到了PE基固化超疏水复合涂层.当OTMS-SiO2添加量为正己烷质量的8％时,制得的复合涂层的水接触角为154°,滚动角为7°,并具有良好的耐磨性,其附着力可达4A等级.     

太阳能利用透光表面超疏水增透膜研究进展

透明超疏水性表面可以阻挡大气尘埃附着,减少表面反射率,提高透光率。超疏水增透膜与传统增透膜相比,具有自清洁性、低反射率和高透光性等优势。本文对增透膜和超疏水表面的基本原理进行了介绍,对比了近年来超疏水增透膜的4种制备方法（沉积法、刻蚀法、自组装法和溶胶-凝胶法）的优缺点,说明了高透光性和低反射率的超疏水表面研究进展。最后对超疏水性增透涂料的潜在应用前景进行了展望,改善超疏水增透膜的耐久性和开发适用于各种应用场合的超疏水增透膜将是未来研究的重点。