Geosynthetic reinforced piled embankment modeling using discrete and continuum approaches

Understanding the load transfer mechanism can support engineers having more economical design of geosynthetic reinforced piled embankments. This study aims to investigate the load transfer mechanisms by two different numerical methods including the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The DEM model adopts (a) discrete particles to simulate the micro-structure of the granular materials and (b) coupled discrete element – finite element method (DEM-FEM) to capture the interaction between granular materials and geotextiles. On the other hand, the FDM model uses an advanced constitutive soil model considering the hardening and softening behaviour of the granular materials. The numerical results show that the geotextiles can only contribute to the vertical loading resistance in cases where the soils between piles are soft enough. In terms of design, an optimum value of the geotextile tensile stiffness can be found considering the load, the soft soil stiffness and the thickness of the embankment. Both the DEM and the FDM show that a high geotextile tensile stiffness is not required since an extra stiffness will slightly contribute to the efficiency of the geosynthetic reinforced piled embankments. Nevertheless, both models are useful to optimize the design of geosynthetic reinforced piled embankments.     

A simple design approach to analyse the piled embankment including tensile reinforcement and subsoil contributions

There is not one generally accepted approach for the design of geogrid-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) embankments. Relevant mechanisms include arching of the embankment material, but also the effect of geogrid reinforcement and potentially a contribution from the underlying subsoil. This paper presents a simple design approach to identify the contribution of all three mechanisms, in which the contribution of multi-layered geogrid reinforcement is also presented. To validate the theoretical predictions for the effect of geogrid reinforcement and the potential contribution of underlying subsoil, a series of three-dimensional finite element analyses are conducted. It is found that a point of ‘maximum arching’ is increased with the height of embankment. This study also presents that the reinforcement could reduce the ultimate stress on the subsoil. However, this requires significant sag of the reinforcement. It is found that the sag of reinforcement is very sensitive to the span of the reinforcement between piles, but relatively insensitive to the stiffness of the reinforcement. For a case with three layers of geogrid, the upper two grids carry relatively little tension compared to the bottom layer. This in turn leads to an approximate but simple equation of vertical equilibrium which may be of use in design.     

加筋土路堤整体稳定的可靠指标分析

利用可靠度理论,结合工程实例,对加筋土路堤整体稳定可靠指标进行分析。认为设计参数均值与变异性对加筋土路堤整体稳定都有不同程度的影响;当设计参数数量有限而无法准确确定其所服从的概率模型时,建议假定填土的重度服从极I型分布,而粘聚力、内摩擦角和筋材拉力服从正态分布,所得到的结果偏于安全;另外对筋材层数、间距和整体稳定计算模式与加筋土路堤整体稳定的可靠指标之间的关系进行了探讨,所得出的结论可为加筋土路堤设计提供参考。     

爆震条件下淤积砂基础的抗液化安全评价

三峡二期高土石围堰座落在极易液化的新淤积砂基础上，故在基坑钻爆开挖过程所诱发的爆破震动作用下对该淤积砂基础进行抗液化安全评价极具工程意义。本文利用爆震条件下一期围堰淤积砂基础中动孔隙水压力实测资料，结合二期围堰的静力有限元计算成果，设法对二期围堰淤积砂基础是否液化作出科学的评估。     

深层搅拌水泥土防渗墙在干堤加固工程中的应用

介绍了深层搅拌水泥土防渗墙的工法原理，并结合工程实例，从水泥土防渗墙的设计、施工、质量控制等方面说明深层搅拌工法具有技术先进、工艺简单、造价低、工程效果好等一系列优点，有广阔的发展前景。     

填方高度及填土土质对高填方路基沉降影响分析

以湖南省境内的常张与衡枣高速公路沉降观测资料为依据,分析研究了不同填方高度、不同填土土质对高路堤沉降的影响,其中主要通过对不同填方高度下几个典型观测点的沉降资料和对7种不同填土的路基沉降资料的整理,探讨了不同影响因素下的高填方路基沉降变形特性.     

路堤下粉喷桩复合地基的工作性能与设计方法

研讨粉喷桩及粉喷桩复合地基的工作性能与设计方法，包括：桩的工作状态、桩身应力、变形及桩侧摩阻力的分布与变化、桩的强度破坏，临界桩长与加强桩段；路堤下粉喷桩复合地基中校及桩间土的工作特征，桩间土的强度发挥，天然地基土承载力折减系数与桩土应力比；设计途径，设计参数或指标的取值，设计调整的原则与方法，沉降计算等内容。     

南京扬-巴区外道路软基处理及防护设计

介绍了扬-巴区外道路部分路段的设计,针对高填方路堤软土层厚度大且分布不均匀,易造成施工期路基失稳及沉降过大或不均匀沉降,高陡土质边坡易遭受雨水侵蚀破坏等工程问题,设计采用了砂垫层、塑料排水板、粉喷桩、换填土、垫隔土工布等综合措施进行软基处理并结合相应的道路排水、边坡防护措施,使该道路在施工期及运行期均未发生路堤失稳及工后沉降过大、边坡冲刷等不良现象。     

一种公路路堤施工方法探讨

结合工程实例，对填石路堤的施工工艺进行了介绍，并对浸水路堤路基横断面，反滤层及塑料土工格栅，路基坡面地表处理等填石路堤施工中的一些问题进行了阐述，以提高路基压实度，保证了路面的正常使用。     

路堤下软土地基承载力的计算研究

荷载分布为梯形、软土地基因固结强度会提高是路堤下软土地基承载力的主要特征。基于这种特点, 推导了能考虑软土固结影响的地基承载力计算公式, 研究了其计算方法, 并用软土地基上路基填筑实例进行了对比分析, 计算结果与工程试验结果吻合良好, 为计算路堤下软土地基承载力及其增长、推算各阶段路堤填筑安全高度提供了一种有效方法。