基于改进残差特征蒸馏的轻量级超分辨率网络

基于深度学习的图像超分辨率算法通常采用递归的方式或参数共享的策略来减少网络参数，这将增加网络的深度，使得运行网络花费大量的时间，从而很难将模型部署到现实生活中。为了解决上述问题，本文设计一种轻量级超分辨率网络，对中间特征的关联性及重要性进行学习，且在重建部分结合高分辨率图像的特征信息。首先，引入层间注意力模块，通过考虑层与层之间的相关性，自适应地分配重要层次特征的权重。其次，使用增强重建模块提取高分辨率图像中更精细的特征信息，以此得到更加清晰的重建图片。通过大量的对比实验表明，本文设计的网络与其他轻量级模型相比，有更小的网络参数量，并且在重建精度和视觉效果上都有一定的提升。     

Novel silicon-contained lignin-based carbon fibers derived from bamboo pulping black liquor with improved electrochemical performance for supercapacitors

Carbon fibers (CFs) are a promising candidate as electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors given its light weight and moderate cost. In this study, the lignin used was partially separated from kraft bamboo pulping black liquor and the higher molecular weight fraction, unavoidably contains a small amount of silicon compounds, so named silicon-contained lignin. Novel CFs were prepared using commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and the lignin by electrospinning and further carbonization. Even in the presence of silicon compounds, the fibrous morphology of precursor fibers was significantly good, and the CFs with uniform fiber diameter and high specific surface area up to 182 m²/g were obtained with an increase in silicon-contained lignin. The CFs fabricated from silicon-contained lignin and commercial PAN had higher specific capacitance (22.20 mF/cm² at 10 mA/cm²) and superb cycling stability (94.21%) than that from silicon-free lignin or pure PAN separately.     

潼湖特大桥跨潮莞高速(88+160+88)m连续刚构关键施工技术

随着交通的日益发展,大跨度跨线连续刚构桥梁修建越来越多。本文结合潼湖特大桥跨潮莞高速(88+160+88)m连续刚构施工的成功实践,详细阐述了该桥的施工关键及其梁体施工的线型控制,跨既有公路施工防护及混凝土施工等关键施工技术,可供类似工程参考。     

超高层劲性结构及大型机械设备立体协同施工技术

基于某超高层建筑群项目的主体施工阶段,对超高层劲性结构建筑群项目施工过程中可能遇到的问题,诸如大型机械立体协同、钢结构与钢筋连接节点优化、钢结构桁架层施工等重难点进行总结分析,并提出相应的解决方案以供探讨,可为同类型工程提供参考经验。     

NanoPaint: A Tool for Rapid and Dynamic Imaging of Membrane Structural Plasticity at the Nanoscale

Single‐particle tracking with quantum dots (QDs) constitutes a powerful tool to track the nanoscopic dynamics of individual cell membrane components unveiling their membrane diffusion characteristics. Here, the nano‐resolved population dynamics of QDs is exploited to reconstruct the topography and structural changes of the cell membrane surface with high temporal and spatial resolution. For this proof‐of‐concept study, bright, small, and stable biofunctional QD nanoconstructs are utilized recognizing the endogenous neuronal cannabinoid receptor 1, a highly expressed and fast‐diffusing membrane protein, together with a commercial point‐localization microscope. Rapid QD diffusion on the axonal plasma membrane of cultured hippocampal neurons allows precise reconstruction of the membrane surface in less than 1 min with a spatial resolution of tens of nanometers. Access of the QD nanoconstructs to the synaptic cleft enables rapid 3D topological reconstruction of the entire presynaptic component. Successful reconstruction of membrane nano‐topology and deformation at the second time‐scale is also demonstrated for HEK293 cell filopodia and axons. Named “nanoPaint,” this super‐resolution imaging technique amenable to any endogenous transmembrane target represents a versatile platform to rapidly and accurately reconstruct the cell membrane nano‐topography, thereby enabling the study of the rapid dynamic phenomena involved in neuronal membrane plasticity.     

超重力在冶金和金属材料领域的研究进展及展望

超重力作为一种外场强化新技术,基于其优越的传质和相际分离特性,引起了广泛的关注。本文着重介绍了我国超重力技术在金属熔体提纯、冶金固废中有价物质的富集提取分离、金属材料凝固组织细化、非金属夹杂物的去除以及矿石气基还原等冶金和金属材料领域的研究进展和成果,提出了其应用过程中存在的科学问题,并展望了超重力技术的发展前景。虽然,目前还以实验室研究阶段为主,并未实现普适化。但作为一种外场强化新技术,其在冶金和金属材料凝固控制等相关研究体系中已突显出强大的熔体提纯、有价组分富集提取、组织细化、夹杂物去除等作用效果,这为进一步拓展超重力技术在冶金和金属材料领域的研究和开发应用提供了参考价值。超重力有望凭借自身的优点成为冶金和金属材料领域生产过程中一种新的外场技术。随着超重力设备的发展及相关科学问题的研究探索,相信在不久的将来,超重力技术必会在冶金和金属材料研究领域得到广阔的应用前景。     

基于碳纳米管的超级电容器聚吡咯电极复合方法

For the defect that the mechanical properties of polypyrrole supercapacitors decrease with charge and discharge cycles, and the cycle stability is poor, a compound method of polypyrrole electrode for supercapacitors based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes is proposed. The structure of the formed polypyrrole coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes effectively increase the specific surface area of the electrode material, the utilization rate of the active material and the electrical conductivity, improve the rapid charge and discharge performance of the electrode material, and greatly improve cyclic stability of polypyrrole. The composite electrode materi- al of polypyrrole and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for supercapacitors is prepared by pulse current deposition meth- od. It is scanned at a scanning rate of 1000mV?s -1 in a 3mol?L -1 potassium chloride electrolyte, after 100,000-cycle, the capacity on- ly declines by 16%.     

复建超高层建筑的混凝土运输研究

以广州城际中心工程为例,介绍了已局部建成运营的超高层建筑在后期复建过程中,混凝土输送方式的选择以及在已建成运营楼层区域内混凝土输送管道的布置。实践证明,所述的混凝土运输方案有较好的可行性,可为同类型工程提供参考和经验借鉴。     

固体超强酸SO4^2-/ZrO2催化合成七甲基三硅氧烷的研究

以含氢硅油和六甲基二硅氧烷（MM）为原料,在SO4^2-/ZrO2固体超强酸催化下进行调聚反应,制得1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基三硅氧烷（MDHM）。考察了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间及催化剂用量对MDHM收率的影响,并用红外光谱及气相色谱-质谱联用分析对产物进行了表征。结果表明,MDHM的最佳合成工艺为：反应温度70℃,反应时间7 h,MM与含氢硅油的质量比4∶1,SO4^2-/ZrO2固体超强酸用量为投料总质量的4%;在此条件下,MDHM的收率为31%-34%,固体超强酸的使用次数达到16次,产品质量较高。     

超共沸酸精馏制取浓缩酸与联产多种浓度稀硝酸新工艺

通过对当前国内几种浓硝酸生产方法的分析与比较之后,提出超共沸酸精馏法制取浓硝酸的生产新方法,该法可实现装置大型化,同时实现质量分数40%~45%,55%~60%和68%的稀硝酸与浓硝酸联合生产。与同规模硝酸镁法制取浓硝酸相比,超共沸酸精馏法可节省建设投资约20%,吨酸节能30%、减排CO20.37 t、制造成本降低14%,是今后我国浓硝酸发展可供选择的生产方法。由于对硝酸质量分数在70%~90%区域的相关理论数据研究力度不够以及在该浓度下对设备材质的选用仍存在一定的疑虑,望今后以此作为课题进行研究,使超共沸酸精馏法制取浓硝酸早日实现工业化。