Utilizing sensor data to model students’ creativity in a digital environment

While creativity is essential for developing students’ broad expertise in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields, many students struggle with various aspects of being creative. Digital technologies have the unique opportunity to support the creative process by (1) recognizing elements of students’ creativity, such as when creativity is lacking (modeling step), and (2) providing tailored scaffolding based on that information (intervention step). However, to date little work exists on either of these aspects. Here, we focus on the modeling step. Specifically, we explore the utility of various sensing devices, including an eye tracker, a skin conductance bracelet, and an EEG sensor, for modeling creativity during an educational activity, namely geometry proof generation. We found reliable differences in sensor features characterizing low vs. high creativity students. We then applied machine learning to build classifiers that achieved good accuracy in distinguishing these two student groups, providing evidence that sensor features are valuable for modeling creativity.     

Effects of apparent image velocity and complexity on the dynamic visual field using a high-speed train driving simulator

Train driving is a highly visual task. The visual capabilities of the train driver affects driving safety and driving performance. Understanding the effects of train speed and background image complexity on the visual behavior of the high-speed train driver is essential for optimizing performance and safety. This study investigated the role of the apparent image velocity and complexity on the dynamic visual field of drivers. Participants in a repeated-measures experiment drove a train at nine different speeds in a state-of-the-art high-speed train simulator. Eye movement analysis indicated that the effect of image velocity on the dynamic visual field of high-speed train driver was significant while image complexity had no effect on it. The fixation range was increasingly concentrated on the middle of the track as the speed increased, meanwhile there was a logarithmic decline in fixation range for areas surrounding the track. The extent of the visual search field decreased gradually, both vertically and horizontally, as the speed of train increased, and the rate of decrease was more rapid in the vertical direction. A model is proposed that predicts the extent of this tunnel vision phenomenon as a function of the train speed.Relevance to industryThis finding can be used as a basis for the design of high-speed railway system and as a foundation for improving the operational procedures of high-speed train driver for safety.     

UV-LIGA深度光刻机平滑衍射技术研究

UV-LIGA深度光刻技术是加工微型机电系统的一项重要的微细加工技术。介绍了一种平滑衍射效应的位错强度叠加原理，它采用了蝇眼积分透镜去平滑衍射，并模拟数值计算了硅片表面的光强分布，最后给出了光刻结果。     

A CLASS OF BAND-LIMITED CHIP WAVEFORMS FOR DS-CDMA SYSTEMS

In Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access （DS-CDMA） systems, the chip waveform affects the implementation, system bandwidth, envelope uniformity, eye pattern and Multiple user Access Interference （MAI）. In this paper, based on an elementary density function of a second order polynomial, a class of second order continuity pulses is proposed. From this class of pulses, we can find some members having faster decaying rate, bigger eye opening, more uniform envelope and stronger anti-MAI capability than the Nyquist waveform. The normalized-bandwidth-pulseshape-factor product, the decaying rate of the tail of the time waveform, the opening of the eye diagram, and the envelope uniformity of the second order continuity pulses are addressed in the paper that provide the basic information for the selection of the chip pulse for CDMA systems.     

A Class of Band-limited Chip Waveforms for DS-CDMA Systems

The conventional frequency domain square-root raised cosine （Nyquist） chip waveform has much poorer anti-multiple-access-interference （anti-MAI） capability than the optimal band-limited waveform in direct sequence code division multiple access （DS-CDMA） systems. However, the digital implementation of the optimal chip pulse is very costly due to the slow decaying rate of the time waveform. In addition, its eye diagram and envelope uniformity arc worse than those of the Nyquist pulse for a wide range of roll-off factors, which will incur performance degradation due to timing jitters and post non-linear processing. In this paper, based on an elementary density function of a second order polynomial, a class of second order continuous pulses is proposed. From this class of pulses, we ban find some members have faster decaying rate, bigger eye opening, more uniform envdope and stronger anti-MAI capability than the Nyquist waveform. The normalized-bandwidth-pulse-shape-factor product, the decaying rate of the tail of the time waveform, the opening of the eye diagram and the envelope uniformity of the second order continuous pulses are addressed in this paper which provides the basic information for the selection of the chip pulse for CDMA systems.     

Measuring the likelihood of VR visual fatigue through ocular biomechanics

Immersion in virtual reality is still linked to symptoms of visual fatigue such as eye strain, dizziness, and overall discomfort. Studies have investigated visual fatigue through pre- and post-immersion tests of the visual function. In this work, we extend on our previous study and derive a visual fatigue likelihood metric using biomechanical analysis. Previously, we have investigated the effect of VR on the vergence system during immersion. The proposed visual fatigue metric exhibited a significant correlation to vergence angle variability which was previously linked to vergence accommodation conflict in VR. We also discuss subjective feedback and its relationship with the proposed visual fatigue metric.     

Improving SEM Inspection Performance in Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) station is one of the major quality control tasks in wafer manufacturing process. During the process of examining defects on a screen for a certain period of time, SEM inspectors frequently complain about visual fatigue problems. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of wafer‐coating condition (noncoating treatment and gold‐coating treatment) and liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor size (14‐inch and 19‐inch monitor) from the aspects of objective visual fatigue measures (NPA and CFF), subjective eye fatigue rating, and inspection performance. Twelve SEM inspectors participated in this experiment. The results indicated that the treatment of gold‐coating wafer showed significant difference on reducing objective visual fatigue in NPA and CFF change. Using a 19‐inch LCD monitor also demonstrated the effect on reducing eye fatigue as well as improving inspection performance. The improvement of using a gold‐coating treatment wafer and a 19‐inch LCD monitor to reduce SEM inspectors' visual fatigue and to increase inspection performance is thus recommended. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

头戴式视线跟踪系统的一点标定方法

标定方法是视线跟踪技术中的关键环节,直接影响跟踪精度和用户体验。目前头戴式跟踪系统所使用标定方法,需要多个标定点进行标定。为更快、更方便地进行标定,提出一种方法,只需一个标定点,便可提取足够的标定信息完成标定过程。该方法可适用于目前的多种映射方法,如DLT方法、多项式方法、神经网络方法等,标定时间仅需10 s,精度可达1°,与多点标定相比,效率显著提高,而精度无明显差异。此外,使用一种新的神经网络模型:ELM(极端学习机)实现了神经网络标定方法,ELM的快速学习性能,显著缩短了神经网络训练时间。     

基于瞳孔-角膜反射技术的视线跟踪方法

视线跟踪是基于多通道的人机交互技术的重要研究内容．而基于瞳孔-角膜反射技术的视线方向是目前应用最广泛的视线跟踪技术之一。瞳孔-角膜反射技术的主要目的是提取人眼图像中瞳孔-角膜反射向量作为视线方向计算模型所需的视觉信息,通过搭建红外光源设备提取瞳孔-角膜反射向量构建基于瞳孔-角膜反射技术的视线跟踪系统,为面向人机交互的视线跟踪研究提供可行的低成本解决方案。