用分散稳定性分析仪研究破乳剂的破乳性能

用Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪研究了多元醇破乳剂、酚醛树脂破乳剂和多胺破乳剂对大庆油田采出液破乳行为的影响.对加入三种破乳剂的采出液清液区和乳化区的分析结果表明,静置时间对采出液清液区厚度的影响较小,对采出液乳化区厚度的影响较大.酚醛树脂破乳剂、多胺破乳剂加量分别为30、20mg/L时,清液区厚度平均值分别为49.0、50.1mm;静置30min时,乳化区厚度分别为0.8、1.1 mm;清液区厚、乳化区薄,对大庆油田采出液的破乳效果好.在油田采出液破乳时,要控制好破乳剂的最佳加量;在破乳过程的某一阶段,破乳剂加量过高会使破乳剂的破乳效果变差.图6参3     

The doormat effect: When forgiving erodes self-respect and self-concept clarity.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 99(1) of Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (see record 2010-12776-008). The graphs in Figure 2, on p. 741, and the graphs in Figure 3, on p. 742, were switched. The corrected figures in their entirety appear in the erratum.] We build on principles from interdependence theory and evolutionary psychology to propose that forgiving bolsters one's self-respect and self-concept clarity if the perpetrator has acted in a manner that signals that the victim will be safe and valued in a continued relationship with the perpetrator but that forgiving diminishes one's self-respect and self-concept clarity if the perpetrator has not. Study 1 employed a longitudinal design to demonstrate that the association of marital forgiveness with trajectories of self-respect over the first 5 years of marriage depends on the spouse's dispositional tendency to indicate that the partner will be safe and valued (i.e., agreeableness). Studies 2 and 3 employed experimental procedures to demonstrate that the effects of forgiveness on self-respect and self-concept clarity depend on the perpetrator's event-specific indication that the victim will be safe and valued (i.e., amends). Study 4 employed a longitudinal design to demonstrate that the association of forgiveness with subsequent self-respect and self-concept clarity similarly depends on the extent to which the perpetrator has made amends. These studies reveal that, under some circumstances, forgiveness negatively impacts the self. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

影响聚酯瓶透明性的因素及控制

介绍了影响聚酯瓶透明性的几种因素,其中包括PET树脂原料、原料的湿度、特性粘数、瓶坯厚度及冷却速度,并提出了相应的改善方法。     

酸改性凹凸棒石对红葡萄酒澄清工艺优化

利用酸改性凹凸棒石对红葡萄酒原酒进行澄清。主要考察酸的种类和浓度对凹凸棒石改性后对葡萄酒澄清的影响及凹凸棒石的添加量、不同澄清时间、不同澄清温度条件下葡萄酒的澄清效果。在单因素试验基础上结合响应面法对葡萄酒澄清工艺进行优化研究,确定澄清工艺最佳条件。结果表明：以3mol/L硫酸对凹凸棒石进行改性后对红葡萄酒的澄清效果较好,凹凸棒石添加量0.56g/L、澄清温度19℃、处理时间11.2h,在此条件下获得澄清度为90.6%,葡萄酒的稳定性好。     

多胺破乳剂的微观破乳性能研究

利用Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪测定了油田采出液加入多胺破乳剂的清液区、乳化区和浑浊区内颗粒的迁移速率。结果显示:采出液中颗粒的迁移速率随时间呈间歇变化且有依次降低的趋势,在26min内可以完成主要破乳过程。清液区从底部至顶部采出液的颗粒迁移速率有由多峰向单峰或双峰过渡的趋势。在采出液加入多胺破乳剂的破乳过程中,一定要控制好多胺破乳剂的最佳加入量,有时多胺破乳剂加入量越高会使采出液中颗粒的迁移速率越低。     

An Enthusiastic Sceptic

Nat Oppenheimer , principal of structural engineers Robert Silman Associates, is a dissenting voice among the advocates of building information modelling (BIM) - an enthusiastic sceptic. Could the quest for integration be leading towards oversimplification rather than customisation and differentiation? Even towards the sort of standardisation adopted with LEED ratings in the quest for sustainability? Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The influence of malt and wort processing on spirit character: the lost styles of Scotch malt whisky

Over the last 50 years there has been considerable analytical research on the malt parameters which govern the flavour and aroma, i.e. the ‘character’, of Scotch malt whisky. This has led to a standard format, the Flavour Wheel, to describe the attributes of any malt spirit and to relate them to a common group of malt parameters. What has not been well documented in the same period are the changes in malt processing technology which have led to a gradual but significant change in the concentrations of reference compounds used in the Flavour Wheel relating to sulphury, nutty/burnt/smoky, peaty and fruity/estery characters. This review covers the most significant of these changes, which have become common practice across the industry, and specifically demonstrates how different malting barley varieties, malt kilning and peating, wort recovery, yeast management, and wash still heating have all contributed to the loss of some styles of malt whisky. © 2019 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

结冷胶-羧甲基纤维素复配胶性能的研究

利用全质构分析、离心分离和分光光度法研究了结冷胶-羧甲基纤维素（carboxyl methyl cellulose,CMC）的配比、离子种类和离子浓度对结冷胶-CMC复配胶质构、持水力以及透明度的影响。结果表明：复配胶硬度随结冷胶比例降低而降低;在离子浓度达到临界水平前随离子浓度增加而增加,临界水平之后随离子浓度增加而降低;添加钙离子比钠离子更容易得到高硬度的凝胶。总的来说,添加离子会降低凝胶的弹性和内聚性;适当的结冷胶和CMC比例可提高凝胶弹性和内聚性。降低结冷胶-CMC复配比例可提高复配胶的透明度。     

小麦羧甲基淀粉糊性质研究

本文对小麦羧甲基淀粉糊性质进行了详细的研究,包括糊的冻融稳定性、抗生物降解能力、抗老化能力、糊透明度及温度、pH值、剪切力及介质(蔗糖和NaCl)对糊粘度的影响。结果表明,小麦羧甲基淀粉冻融稳定性好,抗生物降解及抗老化能力强,透明度高。糊的热粘度稳定性降低,冷粘度稳定性增加。氯化钠强电解质对小麦羧甲基淀粉糊粘度影响较大。     

响应面法优化猕猴桃果浆酶解工艺参数研究

本文研究果胶酶反应温度和作用时间及酶用量对猕猴桃果浆出汁率、果汁澄清度和乙醇不溶物的影响,采用通用旋转设计和响应面分析猕猴桃果浆酶解最优条件。结果表明,猕猴桃果浆的最佳酶解条件为:反应温度为45℃,作用时间为113min,果胶酶用量为0.013%,在此条件下,猕猴桃果浆预测出汁率达到83.30%,乙醇不溶物0.98g/100ml,果汁的澄清度为81.47%。验证试验表明,响应面优化后得到猕猴桃果浆出汁率、果汁澄清度和乙醇不溶物回归方程的相关系数分别为0.958、0.904和0.922。