牡丹叶黄酮的酶法提取条件优化及其对亚硝酸盐的清除作用

以牡丹叶为原料,采用酶法提取牡丹叶黄酮,以纤维素酶用量、pH值、酶解温度、酶解时间为单因素,以牡丹叶黄酮提取率为考察指标,通过正交试验确定酶法提取牡丹叶黄酮的最佳工艺参数为：纤维素酶用量12.5 U/mL、pH 4.5、酶解温度45 ℃、酶解时间4 h。在此条件下牡丹叶黄酮提取率为2.43%。提取得到的牡丹叶黄酮浸提液可用于亚硝酸盐清除,通过正交试验优化得到牡丹叶黄酮清除亚硝酸盐的最佳反应条件为：反应温度70 ℃、pH 4.0、牡丹叶黄酮提取液添加量25 mL（10 μg亚硝酸钠）、反应时间20 min。在此条件下牡丹叶黄酮对亚硝酸盐清除率可达62.15%。     

番石榴叶乙酸乙酯萃取物化学成分研究

目的：寻找番石榴叶乙酸乙酯萃取物中具有降糖活性的功能成分。方法：采用硅胶、羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶柱层析与溶剂重结晶法进行单体分离纯化;通过分析化合物的理化性质、核磁共振谱（nuclear magnetic resonancespectrum,NMR）、质谱（mass spectrum,MS）数据进行结构鉴定;建立降糖脂肪细胞模型评价主要单体的降糖活性。结果：从番石榴叶乙酸乙酯萃取物中共分得14 个单体化合物,分别鉴定为：金丝桃苷（化合物1）、异槲皮苷（化合物2）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖苷（化合物3）、广寄生苷（化合物4）、番石榴苷（化合物5）,槲皮素-3-O-(2’’-O-没食子酰基）-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷（化合物6）,槲皮素（化合物7）、没食子酸乙酯（化合物8）、齐墩果酸（化合物9）、β-谷甾醇（化合物10）、isocaryolan-9-one（化合物11）、(-)-epiglobulol（化合物12）、t-cadinol（化合物13）和muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1-ol（化合物14）。降糖脂肪细胞模型测定结果表明,5 种主要黄酮苷均具有降糖活性,其中以番石榴苷和广寄生苷降糖效果最好,40 μmol/L浓度下促葡萄糖摄取值分别达到了（1.74±0.076）、（1.81±0.029）mmol/L。结论：化合物6、8、11～14为首次从该植物中分得,化合物11为一新的天然产物;番石榴苷和广寄生苷可能为番石榴叶主要降糖活性成分。     

液质联用分析测定苦荞黄酮

本文采用RP-HPLC-DAD/MS在苦荞籽粒中发现了山奈酚;并对苦荞中的总黄酮和其中的四种主要黄酮醇:槲皮素-3-芸香糖葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、芦丁(Ⅱ)、山奈酚-3-芸香糖苷(Ⅲ)、槲皮素(IV)进行了定量。总黄酮含量为0.174%～4.614%,(I)、(II)、(III)、(IV)在壳、麸皮、外层粉、心粉、山西苦荞粉中的含量分别为0.0153%～0.0448%,0.0816%～4.1054%,0.0043%～0.1330%,0.0062%～0.5332%。     

荆条蜂胶化学成分分析

该文对荆条蜂胶乙醇提取物的化学成分进行了考察,蜂胶原胶经体积分数65%的乙醇于80℃加热得到蜂胶提取物,将提取物采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行逐级溶剂分配、硅胶色谱柱层析、重结晶、制备液相进行分离和纯化,从乙酸乙酯部分分离得到31个化合物,通过对化学物理性质分析以及红外、紫外、质谱、核磁共振波谱的测定解析,确定了化合物结构。其中,黄酮类化合物14个,肉桂酸衍生物7个,咖啡酸酯类化合物6个,其他类4个。     

荆条蜂胶化学成分的研究

本文对荆条蜂胶乙醇提取物的化学成分进行了研究,为进一步的活性评价及建立标准化模型提供基础数据。蜂胶原胶经65%乙醇溶液80℃加热得到蜂胶提取物,将提取物采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行逐级溶剂分配、硅胶色谱柱层析、重结晶、制备液相等方法进行分离和纯化,从乙酸乙酯部分分离得到31个化合物,通过对化学物理性质分析以及红外、紫外、质谱、核磁共振波谱的测定解析,确定了化合物结构。其中黄酮类化合物14个,肉桂酸衍生物7个,咖啡酸酯类化合物6个,其它类4个。     

Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Solid-Phase Separation of Quercetin from Solid Onion (Allium cepa L.)

The challenge of extraction of natural product in the twenty-first century is to achieve 100% selectivity of the desired product and develop renewable energy based processes. An object of the present work is to provide a method for producing specific bioactive compounds from agricultural products. A simple protocol was used to obtain the conditions of microwave-assisted extraction (MWAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE). Total quercetin content under microwave irradiation for 150 sec at pH 6.25 (209 mg/ 100 gm F. wt). The effects of operating conditions, such as extraction time and pH on the extraction yield of quercetin were studied. Microwave-assisted ionic liquid-based silica sorbent (ILSis) was developed by a process involving surface chemical modification of commercial silica using a synthesized ionic liquid and characterized by FTIR. The obtained particles were successfully used as a special sorbent in a solid-phase separation process to isolate quercetin and its glycosides from solid onion. Different washing and elution solvents, such as water, water/methanol (v/v), and pure methanol were evaluated. Ionic liquid-based silica sorbent was compared with traditional C18 sorbent and it exhibited higher selectivity. The target compounds in solid onion containing quercetin and its glycosides were determined.     

响应面法优化密蒙花总黄酮的超声提取工艺

优化超声提取密蒙花总黄酮的工艺条件,在单因素试验基础上,考察乙醇体积分数、超声功率和提取温度3个因素对密蒙花总黄酮提取率的影响,并通过Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析法确定超声提取密蒙花总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数62%、超声功率410W、提取温度77℃、液料比50:1(mL/g)、提取时间35min,在此最佳提取条件下,总黄酮提取率为20.38%。     

不同取胶方式对蜂胶品质影响的比较研究

采用塑料取胶器、尼龙纱网、覆布以及从框梁缝隙刮取4种取胶方式采集蜂胶,分析不同取胶方式所得蜂胶样品的乙醇提取物含量、8种黄酮含量、总黄酮含量。结果表明:取胶方式对蜂胶品质的影响很大;尼龙纱网方式收集所得蜂胶的品质最好,3个品质指标均极显著的优于其他取胶方式;塑料取胶器和从框梁缝隙处刮取的蜂胶品质次之,两种取胶方式间无显著差异但都显著的优于覆布取胶;采用覆布方式收集所得蜂胶的品质最差。由此提示,通过缩小取胶器空隙可以提升所采集蜂胶品质。     

纤维素酶提取漳州血柚皮总黄酮的工艺研究

以漳州血柚皮为原料,利用纤维素酶对血柚皮总黄酮进行提取,并以硝酸铝显色法测定总黄酮提取率.分别对酶用量、pH值、酶解温度、酶解时间进行单因素实验和正交试验,并通过极差、方差分析对提取过程显著影响提取率的因素进行统计分析.结果表明,纤维素酶提取血柚皮中的总黄酮的优选工艺条件为：酶用量5.5%,pH 5.2,酶解温度52℃,酶解时间为50 min,该工艺条件下血柚皮总黄酮的提取率可达1.52%.     

Epidemiological Evidence Linking Tea Consumption to Human Health: A Review

Tea has been widely consumed around the world for thousands of years and drinking tea is a daily habit for people of all ages. Tea is a major source of flavanoids, which have become well known as antioxidants. Tea also contains caffeine and theanine, which have been found to associate with health benefits. Many animal and epidemiological studies have been conducted to investigate the link between tea consumption and human health. However, common questions that arise about tea consumption include: whether all teas are the same, why drinking tea is linked with health benefits, how do the different ways of tea preparation impact on availability of tea components, how much and how long a person should consume tea to obtain health benefits, and whether there is any negative health effect associated with drinking tea. To answer these questions, this paper outlines the tea components and their link to human health, discusses major factors affecting availability of tea components in a tea cup, and reviews the latest epidemiological evidence linking tea consumption to human health.