菌酶协同改善花生粕的饲用品质

花生粕是重要的蛋白饲料原料，但由于其氨基酸不平衡，特别是精氨酸与赖氨酸比例严重失衡（精氨酸与赖氨酸含量比值在3~4，理想的精氨酸与赖氨酸含量比值为1.0），限制了其在动物养殖中的应用。研究了复合酶预处理结合乳酸菌发酵花生粕对其品质的改善。结果表明：经菌酶协同处理后，花生粕粗蛋白质含量由46.4%提高至506%，大分子蛋白明显降解为小分子蛋白，酸溶蛋白质含量由2.3%提高至17.8%，多肽含量由1.6%提高至15.7%，蛋氨酸和赖氨酸含量分别提高了77.1%和42.0%，精氨酸降解率为18.7%，精氨酸与赖氨酸含量比值从3.7降低至2.1，总酸含量由06%提高到4.7%，其中乳酸含量由0.64 mg/g提高至14.63 mg/g。菌酶协同处理后的花生粕抗氧化性明显增强，其中每克菌酶协同处理后的花生粕对羟自由基的清除能力与171.6 mg VC相当，比花生粕（与47.6 mg VC相当）提高了2.6倍。     

花生红衣中黄烷醇抑制丙烯酰胺效果及其分离鉴定

目的研究花生红衣中提纯的原花青素(peanut skin procyanidins,PSPs-1)在化学模拟体系和食品体系中对丙烯酰胺产生的抑制效果,并对PSPs-1的组成成分进行鉴定。方法以天冬酰胺和葡萄糖反应产生丙烯酰胺作为化学模拟体系,以油炸薯条生成丙烯酰胺作为食品体系,通过HPLC分析PSPs-1对2种体系中丙烯酰胺的抑制效果,并采用反相高效液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱联用(RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)技术对PSPs-1进行鉴定。结果在化学模拟体系中,PSPs-1具有明显的抑制丙烯酰胺生成的效果,并显示出非线性浓度效应,在添加量为0.1 mg/m L时达到最大抑制率,为(51.22?3.15)%;在食品体系中,PSPs-1的浓度及浸渍薯条时间皆对丙烯酰胺的产生有明显抑制效果,并显示一定的量效关系,PSPs-1浓度为0.1 mg/m L达到最大抑制率,为(51.03?2.97)%,且当浸渍时间为90 s时抑制效果最好(50.79±1.86)%。PSPs-1经RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS分析和与对照品比较,其可能是由含有儿茶素和表儿茶素的黄烷醇多酚组成。结论由儿茶素和表儿茶素组成的PSPs-1在2种体系中具有明显抑制丙烯酰胺产生的效果。     

花生酱的营养及新型花生酱的研究进展

随着人们生活质量的提高,人们对于食物营养的要求也越来越高。由于花生酱的脂肪含量极高,不适于糖尿病、高血压等疾病的患者和老人食用,因此研发低脂、健康、营养的新型花生酱很重要。通过对花生酱制作工艺的调整,降低油脂含量以及补充或添加健康辅料,能显著改善花生酱的营养价值,这也成为花生酱营养改进的重要方向之一。本文对花生酱中脂肪、蛋白质等营养成分及新型花生酱的研究进展进行综述。未来新型花生酱的研发重点可能是通过原料筛选、增加添加剂、改善制作工艺等来调节肠道菌群平衡、增加其益生作用等方面。     

A molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on a MoS2/peanut shell carbon complex coated with AuNPs and nitrogen-doped carbon dots for selective and rapid detection of benzo(a)pyrene

In this study, a new electrochemical strategy based on the fabrication of a molecularly imprinted sensor onto a MoS₂-loaded peanut shell carbon complex with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) was proposed for the detection of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) films were prepared by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI) as a functional monomer in the presence of BaP. The surface morphologies, structural characteristics and electrochemical properties of the obtained MIP/AuNPs/N-CDs/PSBC/MoS₂/GCE were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectrometry, fluorescence spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the optimised conditions, the detection range of the electrode towards BaP varied from 5 nM to 20 μM with a detection limit of 1.5 nM. The prepared electrochemical sensor also exhibited good stability, relevant reproducibility and high selectivity. The application of the sensor in the actual analysis of edible oil samples showed promising results, thereby being relevant as a biomimetic sensing platform for the detection of chemical hazards in food and environment.     

Biosorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions by natural and modified peanut husks: equilibrium and kinetics

The toxicity and non‐biodegradation of heavy metals, as well as their tendency to accumulate in the soils, water resources and the living organisms, makes them the significant environmental pollutants. Therefore, the reduction and elimination of heavy metal ions from aqueous systems is very important from the ecological, nutritional and environmental reasons. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the natural peanut husks, an agricultural waste, and their chemically modified form are capable to remove Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions using batch method and to compare their efficiency. The effects of the mass of the natural peanut husks and the initial pH of the solution were studied to find the optimal conditions for maximal removal of Ni(II) ions. MATLAB/Curve Fitting Toolbox was implemented to determine the adequate adsorption isotherm as well as to optimise the equilibrium state of the investigated systems.     

巯基花生壳对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)吸附效率的测定

以花生壳为原料,用硫代乙醇酸和乙酸酐改性花生壳做固体吸附剂,并探讨了改性前后的花生壳在不同吸附条件下,定量吸附水样中的Cu(Ⅱ),Pb(Ⅱ)的能力,采用原子吸收光度法分别测定其含量的方法。实验得出,对于50mL 5.001μg/mL Cu(Ⅱ)溶液,1.5g巯基花生壳在常温下做2.5h静态吸附的吸附效率最好,可达到92.82%。而对于50ml 43.35μg/mL溶液,2g未改性花生壳(常温)和1g未改性花生壳(加热至40℃)做2.5h静态吸附时吸附效率最好,其吸附效率可以分别达到91.43%和91.26%。     

疏水花生壳/聚氨酯复合泡沫的制备与油水分离性能

为提高聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）的疏水性能,首先采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷（HDTMS）对花生壳粉末（PSP）进行改性,得到疏水改性花生壳粉末（H-PSP）。水接触角测试结果表明,改性后H-PSP的水接触角由PSP的0°提高至145.2°。然后采用预聚体法制备了PUF负载H-PSP复合材料（H-PSP-PUF-n,n为H-PSP占聚氨酯预聚体PPU的质量分数）。对H-PSP-PUF-n的结构和性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明,H-PSP的负载提高了泡沫材料的表面粗糙度和力学性能,H-PSP的最佳负载量为PPU质量的10%（H-PSP-PUF-10）。与PUF相比,H-PSP-PUF-10的静态水接触角达到142.4°,较PUF提高了50.4°。对二氯甲烷、石油醚、煤油、二甲苯、环己烷五种油品进行油水分离实验,结果表明,H-PSP-PUF-10对不同油品的吸油倍率在7~9 g/g,而且具有良好的油水选择性。经15次吸附-脱附循环后,H-PSP-PUF-10对各油品的吸油倍率在6.5~8.0 g/g,具有良好的循环利用性。     

超临界萃取花生中主要成分的研究

采用超临界CO2萃取花生油脂中主要成分,研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和夹带剂用量等对萃取率的影响。结果表明,在CO2流量为10~12 L/h的前提下,最佳工艺条件是:萃取温度45℃,萃取压力30 MPa,萃取时间2.0 h,夹带剂用量20 mL。在此条件下,花生油脂的萃取率可达50.39%。影响提取率的主次因素为萃取压力萃取时间萃取温度夹带剂用量。