The surface carboxyl group of carbonaceous microspheres effects on the synthesis and structure of SiOC ceramics

In this study, C/SiOC and C/SiO₂ composites were prepared by using carbonaceous microspheres with different surface functional groups. Carbonaceous microspheres based on hydrothermal reaction of glucose contains hydroxyl group, while the surface carboxyl group increases after NaOH etching. The hydroxyl group increases the oxygen-enriched structural units of SiOC ceramics, and the C spheres are closely enwrapped in SiOC matrix after pyrolysis at 900 °C. However, the interfacial reaction of surface carboxyl with Si–OH results in the formation of cristobalite SiO₂, and C spheres are not only encased inside the SiOC matrix, but also dispersed outside of SiOC ceramics. After removal of C via calcination at 500 °C for 5 h, C/SiOC and C/SiO₂ composites are transformed into amorphous SiO₂ and cristobalite SiO₂, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis indicates the oxidation resistance of SiOC is superior to that of C and SiO₂.     

污泥中总磷测定方法的探讨

污泥样品与氢氧化钠熔融,使污泥中含磷有机化合物全部转化为可溶性的正磷酸盐,然后测定污泥中的总磷含量.此方法方便易行,平行性好,准确度高,可作为测定污泥中总磷的标准方法.     

阳离子交换器出力不足的分析及处理

针对河南神马尼龙化工公司化学水装置阳离子交换器出现的出力不足问题,从工艺、设备、树脂、再生系统等方面认真查找和分析,确认是树脂及盐酸存在问题,并采取措施加以解决,给其他化学水处理装置提供了参考和借鉴.     

酚醛树脂为原料制备双电层电容器用电极材料的工艺研究

以酚醛树脂为原料，NaOH为活化剂制取双电层电容器用高比表面积活性炭电极材料，考察了炭化温度、活化温度、活化剂用量、活化时间等工艺参数对活性炭比电容的影响。实验结果表明，在炭化温度为600℃，活化温度为900℃，碱炭比为4，活化时间为1h的工艺条件下，制得的高比表面积活性炭比电容可达58．8F／g，用它组装成的电容器具有良好的充放电性能和循环性能，既能在大电流下快速充放电也能在小电流下缓慢充放电，但存在微孔所占比例较高引起的分散电容效应，这是大电流下放电容量有所下降的主要原因。     

天然纤维素的溶解技术及其进展

本文系统介绍了近年来天然纤维素的溶解技术及其进展。内容包括天然纤维素的制备与分离、天然纤维素的溶解机理及所用的溶剂、天然纤维素溶解技术的发展趋势等。     

NaOH激发无机聚合物的水热合成及其性能研究

以NaOH为碱性激发剂,粉煤灰与偏高岭土为前驱体材料进行研究,采用水热合成方法制备无机聚合物。通过单因素试验和正交试验,以强度为指标确定最佳水固比、 NaOH浓度、粉煤灰掺量、蒸养时间和温度。并研究了不同配比试样的抗压强度、流动性能,通过XRD分析其反应产物。结果表明,采用水热合成的方法可以显著提高无机聚合物的强度,同时在进行水热合成之前进行室温下的预养护有利于强度的提高。最优工艺参数为：粉煤灰掺量50%, NaOH溶液为10 mol/L,60℃热固化4 h后脱模,经室温养护24 h,在100℃蒸养24 h可制得地强度高达45．5 MPa聚合物材料。     

Enhanced saccharification of corn straw pretreated by alkali combining crude ligninolytic enzymes

BACKGROUND: This work investigated the monokaryogenesis of dikaryon strains of Trametes hirsuta by protoplasts regeneration for extracellular ligninolytic enzyme production. Saccharification of corn straw was enhanced by alkali pretreatment combining crude ligninolytic enzymes. RESULTS: Effectiveness of alkali pretreatment of corn straw on delignification was evaluated under different concentrations. About 45% lignin loss was achieved at the concentration of 1.5% NaOH. In addition, 79.0% sugar yield was obtained after combined pretreatment with NaOH and crude ligninolytic enzyme produced from monokaryotic strains of Trametes hirsuta. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the porosity and surface area increased significantly after combined pretreatment. The FTIR spectra indicated that great intensity changes occurred at the 890–900 cm^?1, 1509–1513 cm^?1 and 1595 cm^?1 bands. CONCLUSION: The proposed combined pretreatment removes lignin and enhances saccharification of corn straw effectively. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

以氢氧化钾替代氢氧化钠解决漏氯吸收装置碱液冬季结晶技术

针对保定中法供水有限公司原漏氯吸收装置中的中和碱液氢氧化钠,在空气中会吸收二氧化碳生成部分碳酸钠,形成大量结晶物,阻塞管道及泵腔,严重影响漏氯吸收装置运行的问题,找到了氢氧化钠的替代物氢氯化钾。实验结果表明,氢氯化钾在低温时能够有较高的溶解度,在空气中吸收二氧化碳之后生成的新物质,在低温和强碱环境中仍能拥有较高的溶解度,同时仍呈碱性并保持对氯的足够吸收能力。