成型温度对PBX装药内部质量及性能的影响

针对压制成型的PBX炸药装药，选择CT无损检测、巴西实验和扫描电镜检测等技术，对比研究了室温和加热两种温度下压制成型的炸药装药内部质量、静态力学性能和细观破坏形式。结果表明，加热压制有利于改善炸药装药的内部质量，可避免产生初始损伤，且提高了装药的力学性能。细观尺度上，室温压制成型的装药主要发生界面脱黏破坏，加热压制成型装药的主要破坏形式是穿晶断裂。     

基于JJG(闽)1086-2018放射治疗CT模拟定位机X射线辐射源的质控分析

整个精确放疗流程最关键、最基础的一个环节就是定位CT扫描精确程度,做好定位CT的质控关乎整个放疗流程的成败。介绍了JJG(闽)1086-2018放射治疗CT模拟定位机X射线辐射源在检定和质控中的流程和方法,从剂量性能要求、图像成像质量和机器机械精度方面对CT模拟定位机的质量控制做了定量的要求。连续8个月的测试结果表明:CT测量值误差在30HU以内,图像均匀性≤5.0HU,空间分辨力7Lp/cm,低对比度分辨力在对比度为1.0%,0.5%,0.3%时分别≤3.0mm,≤5.0mm,≤6.0mm,达到了规程的要求。CT模拟定位机的图像质量和机械精确程度得到了很好的保障,定位CT的剂量准确,影像参数和位置精确度有规可循。     

MSCT多期增强扫描在肾脏透明细胞癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)多期增强扫描在肾脏透明细胞癌诊断中的规律性,提高对该肿瘤诊断水平。方法回顾性分析2016年1月~2018年6月14例均经手术切除病理证实为肾脏透明细胞癌患者的CT影像资料,所有病例均行MSCT平扫及多期动态增强扫描。结果14例肾脏透明细胞癌形态大多数呈圆形或者类圆形,瘤体最大径范围1.7cm^11.3cm,平均(4.8±1.4)cm,13例CT平扫时肿瘤密度不均匀,呈等低密度,1例呈等密度;12例出现坏死囊变,钙化1例,伴肾盂、肾盏侵犯2例;动态增强扫描可见12例包膜完整,1例均匀性强化,13例不均匀性强化;引入对比剂后皮质期,出现10例病灶强化幅度大于肾皮质,而仅4例低于肾皮质,三期平均CT值分别为110±30Hu,90±15Hu及75±14Hu,其中在实质期出现13例肿瘤强化幅度小于肾实质,仅1例大于肾实质。结论引入对比剂动态增强扫描后,肾脏透明细胞癌在皮质期明显不均匀强化,实质期强化幅度下降显著,呈现出典型的“快进快出”血流动力学强化方式,且肿瘤容易出现坏死、囊变为其特点。     

多模态影像学检查在诊断早期强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节疾病中的效果

目的:探究在早期强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节疾病诊断中不同放射影像学检查方法的应用效果。方法:抽取2018年5月-2020年1月本院收治的早期强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节疾病患者65例作为研究对象,所有患者均开展X线、CT、MRI影像学检查,对比三种不同影像学检查方法的检出率、影像学特征。结果:X线、CT、MRI检出率分别为38.46%(25/65)、60.00%(39/65)、76.92%(50/65),检出率相比,MRI、CT明显高于X线,P<0.05;X线、CT、MRI影像学特征,发现关节间隙出现不同的异常,如关节面出现侵蚀、骨质囊变现象,关节面下骨质出现硬化与关节软骨出现肿胀,其中MRI、CT检查,阳性率高于X线,P<0.05。而对于软组织肿胀、骨髓水肿、滑膜炎症、关节滑膜增厚等现象,只能通过MRI检查才能诊断。结论:在早期强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节疾病诊断中,X线、CT、MRI影像学检查均具有一定的指导意义,而MRI不仅可以提高检出率,还能准确反映微小病灶及其软组织病变,对于早期发现骶髂关节炎值得推荐。     

An AW-HARIS Based Automated Segmentation of Human Liver Using CT Images

In the digestion of amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, as well as protein synthesis from the consumed food, the liver has many diverse responsibilities and functions that are to be performed. Liver disease may impact the hormonal and nutritional balance in the human body. The earlier diagnosis of such critical conditions may help to treat the patient effectively. A computationally efficient AW-HARIS algorithm is used in this paper to perform automated segmentation of CT scan images to identify abnormalities in the human liver. The proposed approach can recognize the abnormalities with better accuracy without training, unlike in supervisory procedures requiring considerable computational efforts for training. In the earlier stages, the CT images are pre-processed through an Adaptive Multiscale Data Condensation Kernel to normalize the underlying noise and enhance the image’s contrast for better segmentation. Then, the preliminary phase’s outcome is being fed as the input for the Anisotropic Weighted–-Heuristic Algorithm for Real-time Image Segmentation algorithm that uses texture-related information, which has resulted in precise outcome with acceptable computational latency when compared to that of its counterparts. It is observed that the proposed approach has outperformed in the majority of the cases with an accuracy of 78%. The smart diagnosis approach would help the medical staff accurately predict the abnormality and disease progression in earlier ailment stages.     

Permeability differences based on three-dimensional geometrical information of void spaces

In this study,the permeabilities of Berea and Otway sandstones were measured under different confining pressures,and porosity was investigated through mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP).The total porosities of the Berea and Otway sandstones were approximately 17.4%and 25%,respectively.Pore size distributions of each sandstone were almost the same,but the pores in the Otway sandstone were slightly narrower.However,the permeability of the Otway sandstone was smaller than that of the Berea sandstone by one order of magnitude.Three-dimensional(3D)void geometry and geometrical properties of the void spaces relevant to flow were compared to obtain the relation between the permeability differences and porosities of the two sandstones.The 3D geometrical analysis using microfocus X-ray computed tomography(CT)was performed,and the pore geometries of both sandstones were compared using the 3D medial axis(3DMA)method.Pore and throat radii,pore coordination number,tortuosity,number of connecting paths,connecting path volume,and other factors were determined using 3DMA.The Otway sandstone was characterized by a small effective throat/pore radius ratio.Based on the fluid flow mechanism,the lower effective throat/pore radius ratio results in a lower permeability induced by the fluid energy loss,which means that the 3D geometrical shape of void spaces affects the permeability value.     

基于GPU加速的锥束CT重建算法研究

锥束计算机断层扫描（Cone-Beam Computed Tomography，CBCT）具有采集速度快和空间分辨率高等特点，被生物医学等领域广泛关注。然而通过CPU串行处理CBCT重建中海量投影数据非常耗时，难以满足实时性的需求。GPU的发展为CBCT重建的并行加速提供了条件。根据三角函数周期性的特点对FDK算法进行了改进，并利用GPU实现了12幅投影数据同时并行计算。实验结果表明，相比于传统基于CPU的重建算法，基于GPU的CBCT重建算法在保证图像质量的前提下，将重建速度提高了超过310倍。     

Quantifying phosphine penetration through the bark of pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) logs

Phosphine (PH₃) is used as an in-transit phytosanitary treatment (10-d fumigation period) for pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) logs exported from New Zealand to China. The ability of PH₃ to penetrate through the bark of the logs is not well known. We designed equipment to accurately quantify PH₃ penetration into the bark of wooden blocks (100 × 100 × 50 mm; n = 12) cut from the upper and lower trunk of recently harvested pine trees fumigated at 15 or 25 °C. Fumigations simulated commercial conditions consisting of two phases; phase I with 2.0 g m⁻³ of PH₃ for the first 5 days (1–120 h) and 1.5 g m⁻³ of PH₃ in phase II for the next 5 days (121–240 h). During the 10-d schedule, we achieved the required commercial CT (concentration × time) of ≥48,000 ppm h at both temperatures. Bark thickness (i.e., trunk location) did not significantly affect fumigant penetration. Phosphine penetration through the bark of the wooden blocks was greatest after each application, then the penetrated concentrations diminished over time. Greater penetration occurred at 15 °C than at 25 °C. Further studies are required to better understand the dynamics of PH₃ penetration particularly at lower temperatures and through insect-infested blocks.     

Stress field and damage evolution in C/SiC woven composites: Image-based finite element analysis and in situ X-ray computed tomography tests

The construction and examination of meso-structural finite element models of a Chemical-Vapor-Infiltrated (CVI) C/SiC composite is carried out based on X-ray microtomography digital images (IB-FEM). The accurate meso-structural features of the C/SiC composites, which are consisted of carbon fiber tows and CVI-SiC matrix, in particular the cavity defects, are reconstructed. With the IB-FEM, the damage evolution and fracture behaviors of the C/SiC composite are investigated. At the same time, an in situ tensile test is applied to the C/SiC composite under a CT real-time quantitative imaging system, aiming to investigate the damage and failure features of the material as well as to verify the IB-FEM. The IB-FEM results indicate that material damage initially occur at the defects, followed by propagating toward the fiber-tow/SiC-matrix interfaces, ultimately, combined into macro-cracks, which is in good agreement with the in situ CT experiment results.