A Comprehensive Review of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models for Prader-Willi Syndrome Research

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurogenetic multifactorial disorder caused by the deletion or inactivation of paternally imprinted genes on human chromosome 15q11-q13. The affected homologous locus is on mouse chromosome 7C. The positional conservation and organization of genes including the imprinting pattern between mice and men implies similar physiological functions of this locus. Therefore, considerable efforts to recreate the pathogenesis of PWS have been accomplished in mouse models. We provide a summary of different mouse models that were generated for the analysis of PWS and discuss their impact on our current understanding of corresponding genes, their putative functions and the pathogenesis of PWS. Murine models of PWS unveiled the contribution of each affected gene to this multi-facetted disease, and also enabled the establishment of the minimal critical genomic region (PWScr) responsible for core symptoms, highlighting the importance of non-protein coding genes in the PWS locus. Although the underlying disease-causing mechanisms of PWS remain widely unresolved and existing mouse models do not fully capture the entire spectrum of the human PWS disorder, continuous improvements of genetically engineered mouse models have proven to be very powerful and valuable tools in PWS research.     

月柿提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的以月柿提取物为原料,研究其对2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基的清除能力,并测定其多酚类物质没食子酸的含量。方法检测波长为518 nm,反应时间为40 min条件下,以IC_(50)值(清除率为50%时,抗氧化剂的浓度值)作为抗氧化能力评价指标,并采用高效液相色谱法测定其没食子酸含量。结果月柿提取物对于DPPH自由基有良好的清除作用,其IC50值为0.1868 mg/mL,与常用抗氧化剂作用相当,且月柿提取物中没食子酸含量为1.65 g/kg。结论月柿提取物具有很强抗氧化活性,作为化妆品及功能性食品原料有广阔的开发前景。     

Integrated circuit and system design for renewable energy inverters

This study proposes that a novel integrated circuit (IC) and system design for renewable energy inverters can harvest renewable energy to power direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) loads. In addition, an intelligent synthesis and management tool is developed to design the proposed system and to judge the system’s operational maintenance decisions. Finally, a renewable energy inverter’s information is posted to an online system. Users can obtain the proposed system’s information at any time and place. The accurate and superior performance of the proposed IC and system is confirmed by computer simulations and experimental results.     

基于外特性前馈和模糊控制反馈的发动机冷却系统控制策略研究

在GT-SUITE中建立了一维重型柴油机瞬态冷却系统仿真模型,并对冷却系统控制策略的开发方法和控制效果进行了研究。以降低冷却系统附件最小功耗及提高冷却液温度控制精度为目标,分别设计了脉谱前馈与模糊控制、变论域模糊控制、变论域模糊控制加水泵比例积分控制3种控制策略,并在全球统一瞬态试验循环工况下进行发动机台架工况与整车车辆运行工况的仿真计算对比。研究结果表明:相比模糊控制,反馈采用变论域模糊控制能使发动机出口冷却液温度振幅减少37.6%,温度处于±0.5℃区间内的时间增加39.98%,且附件总能耗降低8.58%,冷却性能得到明显改善;额外采用水泵比例积分控制能使发动机出口冷却液温度振幅进一步减少16.1%,温度处于±0.5℃区间内的时间增加15.26%,但附件总能耗相比提高10.3%,提高温控精度但牺牲了附件的功耗。脉谱前馈与变论域模糊控制在温控精度与功耗优化方面整体表现最优,整车运行环境下温控精度相比模糊控制提高49.28%,同时功耗降低8.68%。     

IC制造工艺与光刻对准特性关系的研究

主要针对光刻对准特性,从单项工艺和工艺集成的角度,分析了影响光刻对准的各个主要因素,主要包括对准标记、工艺层、隔离技术等,提出了一些改善光刻对准效果的方法.     

一种芯片研发项目度量

讨论了如何对IC项目和开发团队能力进行合理的度量和分析,以准确估计IC产品的交付情况,核心度量为项目进度、交付物规模、质量和成本。     

陶瓷封装电路内部水汽的稳定性控制

简述了集成电路陶瓷封装内部水汽含量的不稳定性,主要是由粘接材料导电胶在高温下分解释放出的水汽所造成的.不同的封装温度内部水汽含量不一样.说明导电胶应充分固化,尽可能在较低的温度下进行封盖.     

一种新型低功耗多功能漏电保护器芯片的设计

提出了一种新型漏电保护芯片,使用0.6μm CMOS工艺、数模混合信号设计.与传统的漏电保护芯片相比,该设计功耗低(10mW),数字延时响应确保控制保护的精确性,且实现了多功能集成(如漏电/过压/过流的检测与保护,自动切换).此外通过可编程端,该芯片可以用在三级保护的不同场合,同时运用数字电路对输入信号的检测,提高了芯片的抗干扰性.     

浓缩苹果汁高浓度有机废水处理工程的改造

对某果汁厂原废水处理工艺存在的问题进行了分析，提出了预处理／内循环厌氧反应器（IC）／UASB／普通活性污泥法的改进工艺。运行实践表明，出水水质优于《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978-1996）一级标准，并实现了部分出水回用。     

离子色谱法检测玩具材料中可迁移六价铬

文章建立了用离子色谱法检测玩具材料迁移液中六价铬的新方法。选用12.8 mmol/L NaCO3+4.0 mmol/L NaHCO3作为淋洗液,在530nm处用紫外可见检测器检测。实验表明,当进样量为2000μL时,对溶液中六价铬的检出限达到0.009μg/L。本方法灵敏度高、准确度好,对玩具材料的加标回收率在90%~110%之间,满足新指令对玩具材料中可迁移六价铬的检测要求。