单价银离子在 CaO-P2O5 系统玻璃中的发光特性

在弱还原气氛下制备了单价银离子(Ag⁺)掺杂的CaO-P₂O₅系统玻璃,测试了其在室温下的吸收光谱、激发光谱和发射光谱。Ag⁺-CaO-P₂O₅玻璃的吸收光谱表明两个吸收峰。高能峰位于220nm波长,由4d¹⁰→4d⁹5P¹跃迁引起,低能峰中心位于240nm波长,归因于4d¹⁰→4d⁹5s¹跃迁,该吸收与其发射特性有关。紫外波段的宽带吸收产生了可见波段强烈的荧光发射,发光峰位于440nm波长,半宽度为130nm.研究了掺质浓度与发光特性的关系,随着掺质浓度的增加(0.05～0.25mol%),发光峰向较长波段移动。在Ag₂O含量为0.5mol%时,出现了浓度猝灭现象。为了比较起见,同时还研制了Cu⁺-CaO-P₂O₅及Cu⁺-Ag⁺-CaO-P₂O₅玻璃。     

VO2/GaAs异质结的制备及其光电特性研究

采用直流磁控溅射和后退火氧化工艺在p型GaAs单晶衬底上成功制备了n-VO_2/pGaAs异质结,研究了不同退火温度和退火时间对VO_2/GaAs异质结性能的影响,并分析其结晶取向、化学组分、膜层质量以及光电特性。结果表明,在退火时间2 h和退火温度693 K下能得到相变性能最佳的VO_2薄膜,相变前后电阻变化约2个数量级。VO_2/GaAs异质结在308 K、318 K和328 K温度下具有较好的整流特性,对应温度下的阈值跳变电压分别为6.9 V、6.6 V和6.2 V,该结果为基于VO_2相变特性的异质结光电器件的设计与应用提供了可行性。     

锑掺杂纳米SnO2透明导电薄膜的制备与性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Si片、已镀SiO2的钠钙硅玻璃和普通钠钙硅玻璃上镀Sb掺杂摩尔分数为8%的SnO2薄膜(ATO),在450℃热处理温度下对薄膜结构,电学、光学性能进行表征。结果表明:薄膜以四方金红石结构存在,结晶完全;方阻值随镀膜层数的增加而明显降低,12层时薄膜最低方阻值为129Ω/□,可见光平均透过率在75%以上。随着波长的增大,红外波段的反射率逐渐增大,从15%增加到55%左右。     

HfO2薄膜的离子束刻蚀特性研究

实验研究了HfO₂薄膜特性以及掩模材料AZ1350以Ar为工作气体下的离子束的刻蚀特性.给出了离子能量、离子束流密度和离子束入射角等因素与刻蚀速率的关系曲线,用最小二乘法拟合了上述因素与刻蚀斜率的函数关系方程;分析了光刻胶和基片在刻蚀过程中随刻蚀深度的变化对图形转移精度的影响,用AFM的Tapping模式测量了刻蚀前后HfO₂薄膜表面质量的变化.结果表明刻蚀速率与离子能量的平方根,及速流密度成正比,并随离子束入射角变化而变化;与刻蚀前相比,刻蚀工艺降低了因HfO₂薄膜刻蚀深度的增加引起图形转移精度下降,因此提高刻蚀选择比是获得高分辨率图形的前提.研究结果已应用到了在HfO₂/SiO₂多层膜衍射光栅的制作中.     

In/Sb掺杂SnO_2纳米薄膜的H_2S气敏特性

采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍提拉法(Sol-Gel Dip-Coating, SGDC)制备SnO_2纳米晶薄膜气敏传感器.较系统地研究了掺杂量、镀膜层次和热处理温度等制备工艺对薄膜表面形貌、晶粒大小及气敏性能的影响.研究结果表明:铟的最佳掺杂量为4at%,最佳镀膜层数为7层,最佳热处理温度为600 ℃.气敏传感器最佳工作温度为165 ℃,在此工作温度下,薄膜的灵敏度分别为26.3(137 ppm H_2S)和2.5(2.74 ppm H_2S),薄膜的响应恢复时间较短分别为8 s和22 s,对H_2S气体有较好的选择性.     

ZrTe5的太赫兹辐射研究

为了研究层状ZrTe₅（五碲化锆）在飞秒脉冲激发下的超快瞬态太赫兹辐射,利用太赫兹时域反射系统对其进行了测试分析。通过分析层状ZrTe₅太赫兹电场幅度与飞秒激光泵浦功率及泵浦脉冲偏振关系,获得了层状ZrTe₅产生太赫兹辐射的主要机理。同时还对比了相同泵浦条件下层状ZrTe₅和本征GaAs（砷化镓）太赫兹辐射强度。研究表明,层状ZrTe₅具有带隙结构窄、吸收深度浅、光生电子剩余能量较大、载流子迁移率较高等优势,在太赫兹产生方面比传统半导体具有更好的性能。该研究可为发现高效、高度集成化太赫兹辐射源提供参考。     

基于CO2激光单点加热的微泡腔制备及其性能研究

为了简化微泡腔的制备工艺,在传统CO_2激光双向加热方案的基础上,采用CO_2激光单点加热毛细管。通过精确控制加热温度和气体流速,制备出半球形的微泡腔,进而通过调节激光光斑,增加加热面积的方式制备出球形的微泡腔。使用光学显微镜和原子力显微镜(AFM)对制备的球形微泡腔进行表征,并通过COMSOL仿真验证了所制备微泡腔的性能。所制备的微泡腔表面光滑,壁厚最薄处可达到亚微米量级。研究结果表明,通过CO_2激光单点加热制备的微泡腔的壁厚存在轻微的不均匀性,但其谐振Q值仍然较高,可广泛应用于传感领域。     

Sliding wear characteristics of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 and Cr2O3 coatings against copper alloy under severe conditions

Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and their tribological properties dry sliding against copper alloy were evaluated using a block-on-ring configuration at room temperature. It was found that the wear resistance of Al₂O₃ coating was superior to that of the Cr₂O₃ coating under the conditions used in the present study. This mainly attributed to its better thermal conductivity of Al₂O₃ coating, which was considered to effectively facilitate the dissipation of tribological heat and alleviate the reduction of hardness due to the accumulated tribological heat. As for the Al₂O₃ coating, the wear mechanism was plastic deformation along with some micro-abrasion and fatigue-induced brittle fracture, while the failure of Cr₂O₃ coating was predominantly the crack propagation-induced detachment of transferred films and splats spallation.     

Tribological properties of ZrO2 (Y2O3)-Mo-BaF2/CaF2 composites at high temperatures

ZrO₂ (Y₂O₃) with different contents of BaF₂/CaF₂ and Mo were fabricated by hot pressed sintering, and the tribological behavior of the composites against SiC ceramic was investigated from room temperature to 1000 °C. It was found that the ZrO₂ (Y₂O₃)-5BaF₂/CaF₂-10Mo composite possessed excellent self-lubricating and anti-wear properties. The low friction and wear were attributed to enhanced matrix and BaMoO₄ formed on the worn surfaces.     

High-temperature tribological properties of spark-plasma-sintered Al2O3 composites containing barite-type structure sulfates

Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–20Ag, Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–10SiO₂, Al₂O₃–50(mass%)SrSO₄, Al₂O₃–50PbSO₄–5SiO₂, Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄ and Al₂O₃–50BaCrO₄ composites (mass%) were prepared by spark plasma sintering and their microstructure and high-temperature tribological properties were evaluated. Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–20Ag composites (mass%) showed the lowest friction coefficients at the temperature ranging from 473 to 1073 K. Thin Ag film was observed on the wear tracks of the composites above 473 K. In addition, the friction coefficients of Al₂O₃ composites containing SrSO₄ and PbSO₄ were as low as those of Al₂O₃–BaSO₄ and Al₂O₃–BaCrO₄ composites at the temperatures up to 1073 K. The thin films formed on the wear tracks of the Al₂O₃–SrSO₄ composites were composed of Al₂O₃ and SrSO₄ phases, while the films formed on the wear tracks of the Al₂O₃–PbSO₄–SiO₂ composites consisted of Al₂O₃, PbSO₄ and SiO₂ phases.     

Tribological properties of spark-plasma-sintered ZrO2(Y2O3)-CaF2-Ag composites at elevated temperatures

Spark-plasma sintering is employed to synthesize self-lubricating ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) matrix composites with different additives of CaF₂ and Ag as solid lubricants by tailoring the composition and by adjusting the sintering temperature. The friction and wear behavior of ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) matrix composites have been investigated in dry sliding against an alumina ball from room temperature to 800 °C. The effective self-lubrication at different temperatures depends mainly on the content of various solid lubricants in the composites. The addition of 35 wt.% Ag and 30 wt.% CaF₂ in the ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) matrix can promote the formation of a well-covered lubricating film, and effectively reduce the friction and wear over the entire temperature range studied. The friction coefficients at low temperatures were at a minimum value for the composite containing 35 wt.% of silver. At this silver concentration, low and intermediate temperature lubricating properties are greatly improved without affecting high-temperature lubrication by the calcium fluoride in ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) matrix composites. The worn surfaces and transfer films formed during wear process have been characterized to identify the synergistic lubrication behavior of CaF₂ and Ag lubricants at different temperatures.     

Effects of anti-wear additives on friction and wear properties of Cr2O3 coating

The effects of some anti-wear additives on the friction and wear behaviour of plasma-sprayed Cr₂O₃ coating were investigated using a block-on-ring tester at ambient conditions. The results show that zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), tricesyl phosphate (TCP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) significantly reduce the wear of Cr₂O₃ coating lubricated by paraffin oil. Additive concentrations as well as sliding time have great influence on the wear. The friction coefficient varies slightly with test conditions. The analysis by XPS of worn surfaces indicates that the wear resistance of these additives is due to the formation of tribochemical reaction films by reacting with Cr₂O₃ coatings.     

Microstructure and tribological characteristics of ZrO2–Y2O3 ceramic coatings deposited by laser-assisted plasma hybrid spraying

ZrO₂–Y₂O₃ ceramic coatings were deposited on AISI 304 stainless steel by both a low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) and a laser-assisted plasma hybrid spraying (LPHS). Microstructure and tribological characteristics of ZrO₂–Y₂O₃ coatings were studied using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and an SRV high-temperature friction and wear tester. The LPHS coatings exhibit distinctly reduced porosity, uniform microstructure, high hardness and highly adhesive bonding, although more microcracks and even vertical macrocracks seem to be caused in the LPHS coatings. The ZrO₂ lamellae in the LPHS coatings before and after 800°C wear test consist mainly of the metastable tetragonal (t′) phase of ZrO₂ together with small amount of c phase. The t′ phase is very stable when it is exposed to the wear test at elevated temperatures up to 800°C for 1 h. The friction and wear of the LPHS coatings shows a strong dependence on temperature, changing from a low to a high wear regime with the increase of temperature. At low temperatures, friction and wear of the LPHS coatings is improved by laser irradiation because of the reduced connected pores and high hardness in contrary to the LPPS coating. However, at elevated temperatures, the friction and wear of the LPHS coatings is not reduced by laser irradiation. At room temperature, mild scratching and plastic deformation of the LPHS coatings are the main failure mechanism. However, surface fatigue, microcrack propagation, and localized spallation featured by intersplat fracture, crumbling and pulling-out of ZrO₂ splats become more dominated at elevated temperatures.     

Characterization of nanoscale recording mark on Ge2Sb2Te5 film

We have fabricated nanoscale recording marks on Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST) films with conductive atomic force microscope (AFM). GST films were deposited on glass or polyimide film with thickness of 150–200 nm by the rf–sputtering method. Through current–voltage (I–V) spectroscopy, good cantilevers for fabrication and characterization of nanoscale marks on GST were selected. A fresh and highly conductive tip showed voltage-switching characteristic in the I–V curve, where the threshold voltage was 1.6 V. Nanoscale dot and wire arrays of crystalline phases were successfully obtained by varying sample bias voltage from −10 to 10 V. With highly conductive tips, nanowires having full-width at half-maximum of 20 nm could be fabricated, whereas nanowires could not be fabricated with bias voltage below −2 V. The width of the nanoscale mark was increased by repetition of AFM lithography even with same applied voltage and lithography speed. For a thicker nanowire, the width measured in current-image (C-image) was observed to be 2 times of that measured in topography-image (T-image). This result supports that current sensing provides an image of phase-changed GST area with higher resolution than topography sensing.     

Study on the tribological behavior of hybrid PTFE/cotton fabric composites filled with Sb2O3 and melamine cyanurate

The tribological behavior of the hybrid PTFE/cotton fabric composites filled with microsize Sb₂O₃ and melamine cyanurate (MCA) was investigated. It was found that the wear rate of the hybrid PTFE/cotton fabric composites decreased when Sb₂O₃ was used as the filler but increased with MCA filler. It was also observed that hybrid fillers (consists of Sb₂O₃ and MCA) had a wear reduction effect on the hybrid PTFE/cotton fabric composites at lower loads but increased the wear rate at higher loads. The wear behavior of the composites was explained in terms of the topography of worn surfaces and transfer film formed on the counterpart pin.     

Effects of Y2O3 addition on microstructure, mechanical properties, electrochemical behavior, and resistance to corrosive wear of aluminum

Aluminum has found many engineering applications due to its great formability, low density and high resistance to corrosion. Since aluminum is not very strong compared to other structural materials, it is usually strengthened by introducing second phases, reinforcing particles or fibers.The objective of this work is to strengthen aluminum without decreasing its corrosion resistance. Yttria is selected as reinforcing particles. It is demonstrated that by adding yttria particles, aluminum can be strengthened with improved polarization behavior and higher resistance to corrosive wear in sulfuric acid and sodium chloride solutions. Microstructure of aluminum becomes finer with an increase in yttria content. However, the added yttria particles are not observed in the modified aluminum. Instead, a new phase, Al₃Y, is formed, which may result from possible decomposition or melting of the yttria particles during an arc melting process. The improved properties of aluminum by the yttria addition may thus be attributed to the formation of Al₃Y phase, possible residual yttrium in the Al matrix, and the resultant finer microstructure.