橄榄提取物对肾素和血管紧张素转换酶的双重抑制作用

该研究探讨了不同溶剂橄榄提取物对肾素-血管紧张素系统中关键酶肾素和血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）的抑制作用,同时分析了其抗氧化能力和总酚、总黄酮的含量。结果表明：有机溶剂提取物的活性相较于水提物普遍较好,在0.50μg/μL质量浓度条件下,甲醇提取物的肾素抑制活性最高,为95.89%;在0.29μg/μL质量浓度条件下,丙酮提取物的ACE抑制活性最高,为92.71%。丙酮提取物的抗氧化活性最强,ABTS+自由基清除能力为384.86 mg TE/g DW,DPPH自由基清除能力为309.23 mg TE/g DW,铁离子还原能力为479.40 mg TE/g DW。同时丙酮提取物的总酚和总黄酮含量均最高,分别为318.14 mg GAE/g DW和45.46 mg CE/g DW。进一步相关性分析表明,总酚与肾素和ACE抑制活性显著相关（P<0.05）。该研究发现橄榄提取物显示出优良的肾素和ACE抑制活性,且有机溶剂提取物的活性优于水提取物,这为新型血压调控因子的研究提供了新思路,为橄榄资源的科学可持续开发提供了理论依据。     

橄榄核仁油的理化特性及脂肪酸组成

为开发和利用橄榄核仁资源,对橄榄核仁油的理化特性和脂肪酸组成进行研究。结果表明,橄榄核仁油主要含不饱和脂肪酸,其中亚油酸含量50.04%、油酸含量20.75%,还含有奇数碳脂肪酸十七烷酸,是一种值得开发利用的营养保健油源。     

Preparative separation and purification of phenolic compounds from Canarium album L. by macroporous resins

BACKGROUND: Canarium album L. (also called Chinese olive) is a traditional medicine material in China, and phenolic compounds from C. album possess great pharmacological activities. To obtain high‐purity phenolics from C. album, a crude extract of C. album phenolics was prepared by ethanol extraction. The use of macroporous resins for further separation and purification of phenolics in the extract was studied. RESULTS: Through static adsorption and desorption tests, AB‐8 resin was chosen for the separation of phenolics because of its higher adsorption capacity and desorption ratio than other resins. Then, dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out on an AB‐8 resin packed column to obtain optimal separation parameters. The highest adsorption capacity of AB‐8 was achieved when variables including initial concentration (C₀), feed flow rate and feed volume were 10 mg mL^?1, 2 mL min^?1 and 9 bed volumes (BV), respectively, and saturated resin was first washed with 5 BV of water to remove impurities, then a purified product containing more than 85% of C. album phenolics was obtained by desorbing the resin with 2.5 BV of 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol at flow rate of 1 mL min^?1, and the recovery of phenolics was up to 75%. In addition, five phenolic compounds in the product were identified as gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin, hyperin and kaempferol‐3‐glucopyranoside by UV and LC–ESI–MS analysis. CONCLUSION: The results in this study could provide scientific references for the large‐scale production of phenolics from C. album. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

腌制前后橄榄提取物的抗氧化和抗炎活性比较

该研究旨在研究橄榄腌制后提取物的抗氧化和抗炎活性变化。采用清除DPPH、ABTS+自由基和总还原力法评价抗氧化活性,建立脂多糖诱导RAW 264.7细胞模型评价抗炎活性,利用超高效液相色谱串联飞行质谱对腌制橄榄提取物进行成分鉴定。结果显示,鲜橄榄的水、φ=70%乙醇、乙酸乙酯三种溶剂提取物的总酚含量为70.33~126.42 mg/g,总黄酮含量为3.46~6.19 mg/g,腌制后橄榄提取物总酚含量为78.67~150.92 mg/g,总黄酮含量为4.09~6.65 mg/g,且UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS从中分析鉴定出11种多酚化合物;鲜橄榄提取物抗氧化能力依次为70%乙醇>乙酸乙酯>水,70%乙醇提取物清除DPPH、ABTS+自由基的IC50为0.09 mg/mL、0.03 mg/mL,而腌制后乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化能力最强,清除DPPH、ABTS+自由基的IC50分别为0.05 mg/mL、0.02 mg/mL;在浓度为0.10 mg/mL时,鲜橄榄提取物对LPS致炎模型的NO抑制率为7.51%~30.47%,而腌制橄榄不同溶剂提取物对细胞NO抑制率为10.84%~34.85%。以上结果表明腌制后橄榄提取物的抗氧化和抗炎活性优于鲜橄榄,以腌制橄榄为原料开发相关功能食品具有良好的应用潜力。     

橄榄营养成分和生物活性物质研究进展

橄榄树是著名的亚热带特产果树,其果实橄榄营养价值丰富,又具有特殊风味,早在唐朝就被列为贡品,也是我国卫生部首批公布的药食两用物种,有益于人类健康,日益受到关注。本文综述了橄榄的营养成分(蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质),生物活性成分(多酚、黄酮、三萜、苯丙素和挥发油)的研究进展,分析了当前橄榄资源开发利用的不足,为橄榄资源的深入研究、精深加工、综合利用,高附加值橄榄产品的开发提供参考。      

真空气流细胞破壁技术对橄榄总黄酮提取的影响

以橄榄为原料,通过单因素及Box-Benhnken中心组合法研究橄榄切片厚度、质构保护液浓度及真空气流细胞破壁技术（VAPB）对橄榄总黄酮提取率及破果率的影响。结果表明,切片橄榄最适宜厚度为4⁵ mm;质构保护最佳处理工艺为:首先在浓度为0.20 g/100 m L的海藻酸钠溶液中浸泡20 min,接着在浓度为0.15 g/100 m L的氯化钙溶液中浸泡60 min;真空气流细胞破壁前处理最佳工艺为:泄压温度110℃、压力差122 k Pa、停滞时间16 min、泄压重复次数3次;最后采用亚临界水提取,其总黄酮提取率为64.93%,破果率20.60%,相比切片后直接进行亚临界水提取对照组,总黄酮提取率提高了21.23%,而破果率仅增加了3.89%。提取过总黄酮的橄榄切片79.40%结构保持完整,可以作为广式凉果原料。      

Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch and Their Antioxidant Activities

The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch (CPS). Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. CPS1 and CPS3 were mainly composed of neutral polysaccharides linked by α‐ and β‐glycosidic linkages while CPS2 was pectin polysaccharides mainly linked by β‐glycosidic linkages. According to the SEC‐MALLS‐RI system, the molecular weight of CPS1 was greater compared to CPS2 and CPS3, and the molecular weight and radius of CPS did not display positive correlation. The chain conformation analysis indicated CPS1 and CPS2 were typical highly branched polysaccharides while CPS3 existed as a globular shape in aqueous. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of CPS2 was better than that of CPS3, while that of CPS1 was the weakest. The antioxidant activities of polysaccharide fractions were affected by their monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, molecular weight, and chain conformation. This functional property was a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors. CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product.     

基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱的橄榄果实多酚测定及其抗氧化活性分析

目的:定性分析和定量检测橄榄(Canarium albumL.)果实提取物中主要酚类物质以及评价其抗氧化活性。方法:采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱鉴定了橄榄果实中的12种酚类化学成分;利用多重反应检测模式的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立一个快速、稳定可靠检测橄榄果实多酚的方法。该方法可在15 min内完成,其检测范围内线性良好(r0.98);定量限小于1.436 ng/mL;检出限小于4.786 ng/mL;准确度大于80.19%,精密度大于1.12%;回收率大于80.13%。适用于橄榄果实中多酚物质的定性定量分析。对橄榄果实不同溶剂提取的多酚组分定量分析表明,3-O-没食子酸奎宁酸和老鹳草素同分异构体含量最高,为橄榄果实提取物中主要成分。对不同溶剂提取的橄榄果实多酚及其抗氧化能力的研究表明,80%丙酮溶剂提取具有更高的多酚含量和抗氧化能力。     

超声强化提取橄榄黄酮类物质及其抗氧化活性研究

橄榄是传统的药食同源植物,为了提高橄榄中黄酮类化合物的提取效率,研究超声波提取橄榄中黄酮类物质的工艺。通过单因素试验考察乙醇浓度、超声波功率、提取温度、处理时间、料液比和浸泡时间对总黄酮提取率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,利用正交试验确定超声波法提取橄榄果中总黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件,并测定了其对羟自由基(.OH)和1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH.)的清除结果。结果表明,黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为:超声波功率350 W,提取温度60℃,提取时间60 min,乙醇体积分数70%,液料比40 mL/g,总黄酮得率为2.30%。橄榄总黄酮提取物对.OH和DPPH.均有较强的清除能力。     

Isolation and structure elucidation of phenolic compounds in Chinese olive (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Canarium album</Emphasis> L.) fruit

Chinese olive (Canarium album L.), one native and well-known tropical fruit tree in the southeast of China, contain a large amount of phenolics and possess great pharmacological activities. In this study, phenolics were extracted from Chinese olive fruit using 80% (v/v) aqueous acetone, and seven phenolic compounds were isolated and purified by Polyamide column and Toyopearl HW-40 column chromatography from crude extracts. Their structures were elucidated by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS), and where possible by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectrometry. Except gallic acid and hyperin, five phenolic compounds including methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, corilagin, kaempferol-3-glucoside and amentoflavone were first identified in Chinese olive.     

基于模糊数学感官评价、理化特性与电子舌的橄榄鲜食品质分析

为全面、客观地评价和分析不同品种(系)橄榄果实鲜食品质,建立品质特征快速检测方法,本研究以10个不同品种(系)橄榄果实为研究对象,通过结合模糊数学感官评价方法、多频脉冲电子舌技术及相关品质理化指标测定,分析橄榄果实品质与理化指标的相关性,并构建橄榄鲜食品质预测模型,通过决定系数R²与平均相对误差δ对模型进行评价。德尔菲法结合九级标度法构建的感官评价结果表明,回甘度和涩味度的总权重达76.9%,是影响橄榄鲜食的主要品质特性;感官模糊数学综合评价结果与理化指标的相关性分析结果表明酚糖比与果实回甘度、涩味度呈极显著相关(P<0.01);通过主成分分析优化得到多频脉冲电子舌辨识区分不同橄榄品质的最佳电极组合为钯(10 Hz)、钛(10 Hz)。进一步利用该电极工作组合的电子舌信号特征值与感官评价得分、理化指标进行多元逐步回归建模,发现多频脉冲电子舌特征信号值能够对橄榄理化指标进行有效预测,其中酚糖比(R²=0.832、δ=10.89%)和可溶性糖质量分数(R²=0.831、δ=5.75%)的预测效果最好,其次为总酚质量分数...     

Changes in Volatile Compounds and Some Physicochemical Properties of European Cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) During Ripening Through Traditional Fermentation

The changes in volatile compounds and some physicochemical properties of European Cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) were investigated during traditional fermentation. Using the principal component analysis (PCA), relations between volatile compounds and fermentation were associated with dynamics of these compounds. In total, 58 volatile compounds were identified, 3‐methylbutanoic acid (25.4% to 66.4% of identified volatile compounds) being the major constituent in raw, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐mo fermented European Cranberrybush fruits, while 2‐octanone was dominant in 1‐mo fermented sample with a 30% of the total identified volatiles. The amount of total volatile compounds was increased in the 1st month of fermentation and then decreased gradually in the following months. Acids were the dominant volatile compounds in raw and 3‐ to 4‐mo fermented European Cranberrybush. Ketones and alcohols had the highest percentage in total volatile compounds in the 2nd and 3rd months of fermentation, respectively.     

Identification of a new phenolic compound from Chinese olive (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Canarium album</Emphasis> L.) fruit

Chinese olive (Canarium album L.), a native and a well-known tropical fruit tree in the southeast of China, contains large amount of phenolics and possesses great pharmacological activities. In this study, phenolics were extracted from Chinese olive fruit pulp using 80% (v/v) aqueous acetone, and acetone extracts were further fractioned with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol sequentially. From n-butanol fraction, a new phenolic compound was isolated and purified through AB-8 adsorption resin column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography and TSK Toyopearl HW-40 (S) column chromatography, and the structure of the new compound was established as 3-O-galloyl quinic acid butyl ester by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), 1D- and 2D-NMR (DEPT, COSY, HMBC, HMQC) and UV–vis techniques.     

不同提取工艺淮山多糖的理化性质及抗氧化活性分析

该研究以广东淮山为原料,通过单因素和响应面试验得到酶解-超声辅助提取淮山多糖(CYP-UE)的最优提取工艺条件,并比较了其与热水浸提、超声提取、酶解提取的淮山多糖的单糖组成、分子量等理化性质和抗氧化活性的差异。结果表明：酶解-超声提取淮山多糖的最优工艺条件为纤维素酶8 000 U/g,果胶酶4 000 U/g,木瓜蛋白酶8 000 U/g,酶解温度60℃,酶解时间90 min,超声温度63℃,超声时间48 min,超声功率234 W,多糖得率为15.26%;4种多糖中CYP-UE的得率最高,且还原糖含量最高(29.88%);4种多糖分子量分布为4.50～10.20 ku,主要由葡萄糖、半乳糖醛酸和半乳糖构成,其中CYP-UE的分子量最小,并含有最高占比96.48%的葡萄糖;4种多糖均呈现多糖的特征吸收峰;4种多糖均有较好的溶液稳定性和较高的溶解度;4种多糖均具有不同程度的抗氧化活性,其中CYP-UE的铁离子还原能力(17.08μmol FeE/g DW)和ABTS+自由基清除能力(IC₅₀=2.42 mg/mL)显著强于其它3种多糖。由此表明,酶解-超声辅助法可用...     

荸荠皮多糖的理化性质及抗氧化活性

为探究荠皮多糖在食品领域的应用潜力,利用X射线衍射光谱分析、热重分析、Zeta电位分析、乌氏粘度测定法、红外光谱法等方法研究纯化的荸荠皮多糖WVP-1和WVP-2的结晶性、稳定性、粘度等理化特性,并结合细胞抗氧化实验和AAPH诱导的红细胞溶血实验评估两种多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明,WVP-1和WVP-2的结晶区域较少,主要以无定型态存在,玻璃化温度分别为61.30和69.50 ℃,热分解温度分别为290.50和308.50 ℃,Zeta电位分别为9.60和-18.50 mV,特性粘度分别为5.33×10-3和3.80×10-2 mL/mg,果胶类多糖WVP-2的酯化度为15.00%。此外,在62.5~1000 μg/mL浓度范围内,WVP-1和WVP-2能有效抑制AAPH诱发HepG2细胞内活性氧水平升高,也能有效保护红细胞免受AAPH攻击发生氧化溶血。综上所述,WVP-2比WVP-1具有更好的稳定性、粘度和和抗氧化活性,并且WVP-2属于低酯果胶,可作为食品添加剂和功能活性成分应用于食品领域。     

采收期对冷藏橄榄果实贮藏期间冷害的影响

针对‘檀香’橄榄果实冷藏期间易发生冷害现象,本实验研究了7 个采收期（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ）对（2±1）℃、相对湿度85%～90%条件下冷藏橄榄果实冷害的影响。定期测定贮藏期间橄榄果实冷害指数、果皮褐变指数、果实好果率和质量损失率、果实呼吸强度和细胞膜相对渗透率、果实表面色度角、果皮叶绿素含量、果肉可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性总糖和还原糖含量的变化。结果表明：与采收期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ相比,采收期Ⅴ能保持冷藏橄榄果实较低的冷害指数、果皮褐变指数、果实质量损失率和较高的好果率,降低果实呼吸强度和呼吸峰值,延缓果实细胞膜相对渗透率升高,保持中后期较高的果实表面色度角、果皮叶绿素含量、果肉可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性总糖和还原糖含量。因此认为,采收期Ⅴ可作为减轻冷藏‘檀香’橄榄果实冷害发生的适宜采收成熟度。     

淀粉-多酚复合物理化及功能特性的研究进展

近年来,利用食品成分间的相互作用来调节食物的感官与功能特性已成为食品学科的研究热点。多酚与淀 粉的相互作用在食品中普遍存在,多数情况下可赋予食品优良特性并产生一定的功能效应。本文综述了国内外关于 多酚与淀粉间相互作用的研究进展,介绍了淀粉-多酚复合物的形成机理和模型,并对复合物中淀粉的理化特性、 消化特性以及多酚的包埋特性进行了探讨。淀粉与多酚类化合物的相互作用不但可以提高淀粉的抗消化性,而且能 够提高多酚的生物利用率,为开发能够预防、控制高血糖症等的功能性食品提供一定的理论依据。     

Physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds protein

The amino acid composition, physicochemical and functional properties of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds protein (GSP) were evaluated and compared with those of soybean protein isolate (SPI). Amino acid analyses of GSP revealed high levels of glutamic/glutamine, glycine and aspartic/asparagines. SDS‐PAGE analysis demonstrated that globulin was the major protein component in GSP, whose subunit molecular weights were mainly varied from 25.5 to 40.0 kDa. The isoelectric pH of GSP was found to be at the acidic pH of around 3.8. At all the pHs tested except pH 2.0, no significant changes of GSP secondary structure were observed. GSP exhibited beneficial functional properties such as preferable solubility and emulsifying activity, while the foaming properties and water holding capacity were relatively poor compared to SPI. It could then be employed to soup, sauce, beverage or meat product for improving nutritional and sensory quality of these foods at appropriate pHs.     

姜油树脂对采后橄榄果实抑菌效果和贮藏品质的影响

小孢拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis microspora）是引起橄榄果实腐烂的最主要病原菌之一。为给姜油树脂在采后橄榄果实贮藏保鲜应用提供科学依据和实践指导,本实验研究了姜油树脂对采后橄榄果实的抑菌效果和贮藏品质的影响。以‘长营’橄榄果实为材料,通过损伤接种法,研究不同剂量的姜油树脂对P. microspora接种橄榄果实的抑菌效果,并进一步探讨最佳抑菌剂量的姜油树脂对采后橄榄果实在25 ℃下贮藏49 d期间果实病害发生和品质的影响。结果表明：与对照比较,姜油树脂可显著抑制P. microspora侵染所致橄榄果实采后病害发生,其中姜油树脂的最佳抑菌剂量为30 μL/mL;30 μL/mL的姜油树脂处理可显著降低橄榄果实病害指数和果皮褐变指数（P＜0.01）,延缓橄榄果实可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、VC、总酚及类黄酮含量的下降,较好保持采后橄榄果实的外观颜色和营养品质。因此认为,30 μL/mL的姜油树脂处理可有效控制橄榄果实采后病害发生,保持橄榄果实贮藏品质。