CsPbBr3纳米片的三光子非线性吸收性质研究

为了研究不同层数纳米片在近红外二区的非线性光学吸收性质的变化,采用配体辅助再沉淀方法制备了不同层数(3~5层)的CsPbBr₃纳米片。以中心波长为1030 nm、脉宽为6 ps、重复频率为25 kHz的激光作为激发光源,利用Z?扫描技术研究了CsPbBr₃纳米片的非线性三光子吸收光学性质。研究结果表明:CsPbBr₃纳米片的非线性三光子吸收截面随层数减小而增大,量子限域效应增强,三层纳米片的三光子吸收截面高达4.1×10^(?71 )cm⁶s²photon^?2。CsPbBr₃纳米片在近红外二区具有优良的非线性光学吸收性质,可应用于多光子激发荧光成像领域。     

GaN 用衬底材料 LiGaO2 晶体超精密抛光的初步实验

主要介绍了作为发光半导体GaN衬底材料的LiGaO₂单晶超精密抛光方法及初步结果。利用聚氨酯抛光盘配合SiO₂悬浮液,采用机械化学抛光方法,已加工出表面粗糙度优于0.1mm,的超光滑表面。     

VO2/GaAs异质结的制备及其光电特性研究

采用直流磁控溅射和后退火氧化工艺在p型GaAs单晶衬底上成功制备了n-VO_2/pGaAs异质结,研究了不同退火温度和退火时间对VO_2/GaAs异质结性能的影响,并分析其结晶取向、化学组分、膜层质量以及光电特性。结果表明,在退火时间2 h和退火温度693 K下能得到相变性能最佳的VO_2薄膜,相变前后电阻变化约2个数量级。VO_2/GaAs异质结在308 K、318 K和328 K温度下具有较好的整流特性,对应温度下的阈值跳变电压分别为6.9 V、6.6 V和6.2 V,该结果为基于VO_2相变特性的异质结光电器件的设计与应用提供了可行性。     

钨镍共掺杂V2O5薄膜的光电特性研究

利用溶胶–凝胶旋涂法和后退火工艺在FTO导电玻璃上制备了钨镍共掺杂V₂O₅薄膜,研究了薄膜在不同温度和不同偏压下的光电特性和相变特性。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM） 和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS） 测试了钨镍共掺杂V₂O₅薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌和组分,分析了不同钨镍共掺杂浓度对V₂O₅薄膜相变光电特性的影响。结果表明,当钨和镍的掺杂质量分数分别为3 %和1.5 %时,钨镍共掺杂的V₂O₅薄膜的相变温度为218.5 ℃,在可见光范围内有较高的透过率,在近红外1310 nm波长处的光学透过率达48.83%,与未掺杂V₂O₅薄膜的光学透过率相比提高了10.29%,薄膜电阻降低了30.53%,热致回线宽度收窄为15 ℃,说明钨镍共掺杂的V₂O₅薄膜具有良好的可逆相变光电特性,有望在新型光电器件领域得到较好的应用。     

ZrTe5的太赫兹辐射研究

为了研究层状ZrTe₅（五碲化锆）在飞秒脉冲激发下的超快瞬态太赫兹辐射,利用太赫兹时域反射系统对其进行了测试分析。通过分析层状ZrTe₅太赫兹电场幅度与飞秒激光泵浦功率及泵浦脉冲偏振关系,获得了层状ZrTe₅产生太赫兹辐射的主要机理。同时还对比了相同泵浦条件下层状ZrTe₅和本征GaAs（砷化镓）太赫兹辐射强度。研究表明,层状ZrTe₅具有带隙结构窄、吸收深度浅、光生电子剩余能量较大、载流子迁移率较高等优势,在太赫兹产生方面比传统半导体具有更好的性能。该研究可为发现高效、高度集成化太赫兹辐射源提供参考。     

Ag/Bi2O3纳米块自供能紫外探测器的制备及性能

为了实现在无外部供能下对紫外光的有效探测,基于Ag修饰的Bi₂O₃纳米块(Ag/Bi₂O₃)纳米块制备了自供能紫外探测器。通过煅烧法制备Bi₂O₃纳米块,随后采用室温溶液法在其表面沉积Ag纳米粒子,进而成功制备了Ag/Bi₂O₃纳米块,且对所制备样品的晶体结构和微观形貌等进行了表征。结果表明,Ag/Bi₂O₃纳米块的平均尺寸约为1μm,且Ag纳米粒子随机分布在Bi₂O₃纳米块表面。将涂覆Ag/Bi₂O₃纳米块的FTO作为工作电极,并进一步构建了自供能紫外探测器。在365 nm的紫外光照射下,Ag/Bi₂O₃纳米块紫外探测器能在零偏压下实现对紫外光的快速检测,这证实其具有自供能特性。相比于Bi₂O₃...     

α-FeOOH和α-Fe2O3纳米棒的制备及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

以FeSO₄·7H₂O和CH₃COONa·3H₂O为原料,采用水热方法制备α-FeOOH纳米棒,将所得α-FeOOH纳米棒于250℃烧结2 h制备α-Fe₂O₃纳米棒,采用差热-热重分析法研究了制备的α-FeOOH和α-Fe₂O₃纳米棒对高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能。结果表明：在100℃水热反应6 h可制备得到平均直径为18 nm的纯相α-FeOOH纳米棒,再于250℃烧结2 h后获得平均直径为16 nm的纯六方相α-Fe₂O₃纳米棒;α-Fe₂O₃和α-FeOOH纳米棒对高氯酸铵热分解的催化效果显著,添加质量分数2%的α-Fe₂O₃纳米棒和α-FeOOH纳米棒可使高氯酸铵的结束分解温度分别降低40,54℃,高温分解峰值温度分别降低51.1,61.6℃;当α-Fe₂...     

基于CO2激光单点加热的微泡腔制备及其性能研究

为了简化微泡腔的制备工艺,在传统CO_2激光双向加热方案的基础上,采用CO_2激光单点加热毛细管。通过精确控制加热温度和气体流速,制备出半球形的微泡腔,进而通过调节激光光斑,增加加热面积的方式制备出球形的微泡腔。使用光学显微镜和原子力显微镜(AFM)对制备的球形微泡腔进行表征,并通过COMSOL仿真验证了所制备微泡腔的性能。所制备的微泡腔表面光滑,壁厚最薄处可达到亚微米量级。研究结果表明,通过CO_2激光单点加热制备的微泡腔的壁厚存在轻微的不均匀性,但其谐振Q值仍然较高,可广泛应用于传感领域。     

In2O3-Mn2O3复合纳米棒的两步水热法合成及其在氢气传感器中的应用

文中以In(NO₃)₃·4.5H₂O为铟源,KMnO₄为锰源,PVP为添加剂,分别以水和无水乙醇为溶剂,通过两步水热法成功合成了In₂O₃-Mn₂O₃复合纳米棒。采用XRD、SEM、XPS对复合材料的物相组成、微观形貌和元素价态进行了表征和分析,并将In₂O₃-Mn₂O₃复合材料组装成气敏传感器元件进行氢气的气敏性能研究。结果表明,相比于In₂O₃,In₂O₃-Mn₂O₃传感器的最佳工作温度降低至325℃,且In₂O₃-Mn₂O₃传感器在重复性实验中对氢气具有高灵敏度,优异的选择性、重复性和稳定性。复合材料表面...     

用锡盘抛光 α-Al2O3 单晶的初步实验研究

概述了抛光α-Al₂O₃单晶的意义、介绍了用锡盘抛光α-Al₂O₃单晶的实验装置、描述了抛光实验过程、研究了抛光时间和抛光液酸碱度对工件表面粗糙度的影响。通过改变抛光时间及抛光液pH值,可使α-Al₂O₃单晶工件表面粗糙度优于0.4nmrms.     

Sliding wear characteristics of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 and Cr2O3 coatings against copper alloy under severe conditions

Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and their tribological properties dry sliding against copper alloy were evaluated using a block-on-ring configuration at room temperature. It was found that the wear resistance of Al₂O₃ coating was superior to that of the Cr₂O₃ coating under the conditions used in the present study. This mainly attributed to its better thermal conductivity of Al₂O₃ coating, which was considered to effectively facilitate the dissipation of tribological heat and alleviate the reduction of hardness due to the accumulated tribological heat. As for the Al₂O₃ coating, the wear mechanism was plastic deformation along with some micro-abrasion and fatigue-induced brittle fracture, while the failure of Cr₂O₃ coating was predominantly the crack propagation-induced detachment of transferred films and splats spallation.     

Tribological properties of ZrO2 (Y2O3)-Mo-BaF2/CaF2 composites at high temperatures

ZrO₂ (Y₂O₃) with different contents of BaF₂/CaF₂ and Mo were fabricated by hot pressed sintering, and the tribological behavior of the composites against SiC ceramic was investigated from room temperature to 1000 °C. It was found that the ZrO₂ (Y₂O₃)-5BaF₂/CaF₂-10Mo composite possessed excellent self-lubricating and anti-wear properties. The low friction and wear were attributed to enhanced matrix and BaMoO₄ formed on the worn surfaces.     

Modelling particulate erosion–corrosion regime transitions for Al/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 MMCs in aqueous conditions

Very little research effort has been directed at development of models of erosion–corrosion of composite materials. This is because, in part, the understanding of the erosion–corrosion mechanisms of such materials is poor. In addition, although there has been a significant degree of effort in the development of models for erosion of MMCs, there are still difficulties in applying such models to the laboratory trends on erosion rate.In this paper, the methodology for mapping erosion–corrosion processes in aqueous slurries was extended to particulate composites. An inverse rule of mixtures was used for the construction of the erosion model for the particulate MMCs. The corrosion rate calculation was evaluated with reference to the matrix material.The erosion–corrosion maps for composites showed significant dependency on pH and applied potential. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the matrix material was observed to affect the regime boundaries. Materials maps were generated based on the results to show the optimum composite composition for exposure to the environment.     

Influence of Al2O3 reinforcement on the abrasive wear characteristic of Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings

In the present study, the abrasive wear characteristics of Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings were tested on the turnplate abrasive wear testing machine. Steel 45 (quenched and low-temperature tempered) was used as a reference material. The experimental results showed that when the Al₂O₃ particles have been treated with a silane coupling agent (γ-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane), the abrasive wear resistance of Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings has a good linear relationship with the volume fraction of Al₂O₃ particles in Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings and the linear correlation coefficient is 0.979. Under the experimental conditions, the size of Al₂O₃ particles (40.5-161.0 μm) has little influence on the abrasive wear resistance of Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings. By treating the surface of Al₂O₃ particles with the silane coupling agent, the distribution of Al₂O₃ particles in PA1010 matrix is more homogeneous and the bonding state between Al₂O₃ particles and PA1010 matrix is better. Therefore, the Al₂O₃ particles make the Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings have better abrasive wear resistance than PA1010 coating. The wear resistance of Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings is about 45% compared with that of steel 45.     

High-temperature tribological properties of spark-plasma-sintered Al2O3 composites containing barite-type structure sulfates

Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–20Ag, Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–10SiO₂, Al₂O₃–50(mass%)SrSO₄, Al₂O₃–50PbSO₄–5SiO₂, Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄ and Al₂O₃–50BaCrO₄ composites (mass%) were prepared by spark plasma sintering and their microstructure and high-temperature tribological properties were evaluated. Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–20Ag composites (mass%) showed the lowest friction coefficients at the temperature ranging from 473 to 1073 K. Thin Ag film was observed on the wear tracks of the composites above 473 K. In addition, the friction coefficients of Al₂O₃ composites containing SrSO₄ and PbSO₄ were as low as those of Al₂O₃–BaSO₄ and Al₂O₃–BaCrO₄ composites at the temperatures up to 1073 K. The thin films formed on the wear tracks of the Al₂O₃–SrSO₄ composites were composed of Al₂O₃ and SrSO₄ phases, while the films formed on the wear tracks of the Al₂O₃–PbSO₄–SiO₂ composites consisted of Al₂O₃, PbSO₄ and SiO₂ phases.     

Tribo-physical and tribo-chemical aspects of WC-based cermet/Ti3SiC2 tribo-pair at elevated temperatures

The tribological behaviors of tungsten carbide (WC) based cermet/Ti₃SiC₂ tribo-pair at elevated temperatures were investigated. Lead oxide (PbO) was added as a solid lubricant. The tribo-physical and tribo-chemical changes on sliding surfaces were studied in detail. The results indicated that adhesive and abrasive wear due to removal of metallic binder and pullout of grains were the dominant wear mechanisms at room temperature. At high temperature, tribo-physical changes (i.e. mechanical mixture or sintering) and tribo-chemical reactions including complex reaction and oxidations were induced by frictional heat combined with high environmental temperature. As a result PbWO₄ was formed as a reaction product and acted as a solid lubricant. PbWO₄ and tribo-oxides along with the physically changed layer on the sliding surfaces were favorable to reduce wear of both materials. At high temperature, the wear mechanism varied from adhesive and abrasive wear at room temperature to lubrication by tribo-layer containing PbWO₄, tribo-oxides, and sinters at high temperatures.     

Microstructure and electrical properties of NaNbO3-BaTiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1 − x) NaNbO3-xBaTiO₃ have been fabricated by a traditional ceramic sintering technique. The effects of BaTiO₃ (BT) synthesized by hydrothermal method on crystal structure, density, dielectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical properties were investigated. Results show that the phase structure transforms from the orthorhombic phase to the tetragonal phase with the increase of the content of BT, and the two phases co-exist when 0.08<×⩽0.10. However, the optimum composition for (1 − x)NaNbO₃-xBaTiO₃ ceramics is 0.90NaNbO₃-0.10BaTiO₃. The 0.90NaNbO₃-0.10BaTiO₃ ceramics sintered at 1250°C have higher properties: piezoelectric constant d ₃₃ of 120 pC/N, dielectric constant ε_τ of 718, planar electromechanical coupling factor k _p of 24%, planar frequency N _d of 3 MHz·mm, and the mechanical quality factor Q _m of 138, respectively. The results show that the (1−x)NaNbO₃-xBaTiO₃ ceramics is one of the promising lead-free materials for high-frequency applications.     

Tribological properties of Ni3Al-Cr7C3 composite coating under water lubrication

The tribological properties of Ni₃Al-Cr₇C₃ composite coating under water lubrication were examined by using a ball-on-disc reciprocating tribotester. The effects of load and sliding speed on wear rate of the coating were investigated. The worn surface of the coating was analyzed using electron probe microscopy analysis (EPMA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show the friction coefficient of the coating is decreased under water lubrication. The wear rate of the coating linearly increases with the load. At high sliding speed, the wear rate of the coating is dramatically increased and a large amount of the counterpart material is transferred to the coating worn surface. The low friction of the coating under water lubrication is due to the oxidizing of the worn surface in the wear. The wear mechanism of the coating is plastic deformation at low normal load and sliding speed. However, the wear mechanism transforms to microfracture and microploughing at high load with low sliding speed, and oxidation wear at high sliding speed. It is concluded that the contribution of the sliding speed to an increase in the coating wear is larger than that of the normal load.     

A study on friction and wear characteristics of nanometer Al2O3 /PEEK composites under the dry sliding condition

The friction and wear properties of the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) based composites filled with 5 mass% nanometer or micron Al₂O₃ with or without 10 mass% polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) against the medium carbon steel (AISI 1045 steel) ring under the dry sliding condition at Amsler wear tester were examined. A constant sliding velocity of 0.42 m s⁻¹ and a load of 196 N were used in all experiments. The average diameter 250 μm PEEK powders, the 15 or 90 nm Al₂O₃ nano-particles or 500 nm Al₂O₃ particles and/or the PTFE fine powders of diameter 50 μm were mechanically mixed in alcohol, and then the block composite specimens were prepared by the heat compression moulding. The homogeneously dispersion of the Al₂O₃ nano-particles in PEEK matrix of the prepared composites was analyzed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The wear testing results showed that nanometer and micron Al₂O₃ reduced the wear coefficient of PEEK composites without PTFE effectively, but not reduced the friction coefficient. The filling of 10 mass% PTFE into pure PEEK resulted in a decrease of the friction coefficient and the wear coefficient of the filled composite simultaneously. However, when 10 mass% PTFE was filled into Al₂O₃/ PEEK composites, the friction coefficient was decreased and the wear coefficient increased. The worn scars on the tested composite specimen surfaces and steel ring surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A thin, uniform, and tenacious transferred film on the surface of the steel rings against the PEEK composites filled with 5 mass% 15 nm Al₂O₃ particles but without PTFE was formed. The components of the transferred films were detected by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results indicated that the nanometer Al₂O₃ as the filler, together with PEEK matrix, transferred to the counterpart ring surface during the sliding friction and wear. Therefore, the ability of Al₂O₃ to improve the wear resistant behaviors is closely related to the ability to improve the characteristics of the transfer film.