阳离子对P110钢高温高压CO2腐蚀反应过程的影响

运用腐蚀失重、腐蚀表面成分分析和电化学测量技术，研究了在高温高压条件下阳离子对P110油管钢CO2腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明：随着试验时间的延长，阳离子的存在使得电极反应速率降低较慢，它不仅通过在金属表面成膜影响腐蚀反应的阳极过程，而且同时改变了腐蚀反应的阴极过程；在反应初始阶段EIS具有2个时间常数，电极反应由活化控制，随着腐蚀的进行，腐蚀产物膜越来越厚，越来越致密，EIS的低频端出现Warburg阻抗与容抗的叠加，自腐蚀电位下的电极反应属于混合控制；溶液中是否含有Ca2+、Mg2+离子，在P110钢腐蚀成膜过程中EIS存在一定的差别，并且使阻抗谱拟合结果在相同的腐蚀时间内产生很大的变化.      

模拟体液法合成晶须状类骨纳米羟基磷灰石的研究

通过增加模拟体液中钙盐和磷盐的浓度,在模拟体液中合成了晶须状类骨纳米羟基磷灰石（HAp）粉体。利用X射线衍射（XRD）和红外吸收光谱（FTIR）分析粉体的物相组成和基本特征,利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）观察晶须的形貌、尺寸与生长方向,将粉体在500～900℃不同温度下热处理,研究其热稳定性。结果表明,晶须状羟基磷灰石的平均长径比为25：1（长100nm,直径4nm）,晶须沿c轴方向生长;热处理温度超过700℃,羟基磷灰石易发生分解。     

异步轧制对表面纳米化316L不锈钢组织和性能的影响

采用表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)在316L不锈钢上制备出纳米结构表层,然后在室温对其进行80％形变量的异步轧制(CSR),研究了CSR处理后表层组织和性能的变化．结果表明：经过60min SMAT后,样品表面形成了一定厚度的纳米晶层,晶粒尺寸为10—30nm．对其进行80％形变量的CSR后,表层组织仍为纳米晶组织,但纳米晶尺寸更加均匀、细小(为5—15nm),表面粗糙度显著下降;纳米表层硬度略有提高,但基体硬度显著提高;在0．05mol／L H2SO4 0.25mol／L Na2SO4腐蚀介质中的耐腐蚀性能比SMAT后的样品有明显改善,但均低于原基材．     

Environmental effects on the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of 3.5NiCrMoV steels in high temperature water

Constant elongation rate tests (CERTs) were carried out to investigate the effects of environmental factors of dissolved oxygen and temperature on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of 3.5NiCrMoV turbine steels. Tests were conducted in pure water of various dissolved oxygen concentrations at temperatures of 50 °C-200 °C in the range of strain rates from 5 × 10⁻⁸/s to 1 ×  10⁻⁶/s. Dissolved oxygen significantly affected the SCC susceptibility of turbine steels in water. The SCC susceptibility of the turbine steels increases as the dissolved oxygen concentration in water increases. The elongation of the turbine steels tested in aerated water at 150 °C at a strain rate of 1 × 10⁻⁷/s decreased to half of that of the steels tested in deaerated water in the same test condition. And the SCC susceptibility of the steels increased with decreasing strain rate, and with increasing temperature. The increase of the SCC susceptibility of the turbine steels in the higher dissolved oxygen environment is considered to be due to the higher content of dissolved oxygen enhancing the reduction reactions of oxygen on the metal surfaces (cathode) and accelerating the dissolution rate at the crack tips (anode) by galvanic attack of an aeration cell.     

Laboratory Studies to Determine Suitable Chemicals to Improve Oil Recovery from Garzan Oil Field

Garzan oil field is located at the south east of Turkey. It is a mature oil field and the reservoir is fractured carbonate reservoir. After producing about 1% original oil in place (OOIP) reservoir pressure started to decline. Waterflooding was started in order to support reservoir pressure and also to enhance oil production in 1960. Waterflooding improved the oil recovery but after years of flooding water breakthrough at the production wells was observed. This increased the water/oil ratio at the production wells. In order to enhance oil recovery again different techniques were investigated. Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are gaining attention all over the world for oil recovery. Surfactant injection is an effective way for interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability reversal. In this study, 31 different types of chemicals were studied to specify the effects on oil production. This paper presents solubility of surfactants in brine, IFT and contact angle measurements, imbibition tests, and lastly core flooding experiments. Most of the chemicals were incompatible with Garzan formation water, which has high divalent ion concentration. In this case, the usage of 2-propanol as co-surfactant yielded successful results for stability of the selected chemical solutions. The results of the wettability test indicated that both tested cationic and anionic surfactants altered the wettability of the carbonate rock from oil-wet to intermediate-wet. The maximum oil recovery by imbibition test was reached when core was exposed 1-ethly ionic liquid after imbibition in formation water. Also, after core flooding test, it is concluded that considerable amount of oil can be recovered from Garzan reservoir by waterflooding alone if adverse effects of natural fractures could be eliminated.     

Chemical,thermal, and mechanical properties and ultraviolet transmittance of novel nano-hydroxyapatite/polyethylene terephthalate milk bottles

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) composite granules were obtained using twin-screw extruder. Preforms were prepared by injection molding and then PET/nHAp bottles were produced by blow molding. For PET bottles with nHAp, the migration amounts of carboxylic acid (COOH), acetaldehyde (AA), diethylene glycol (DEG), and isophthalic acid (IPA); glass transition temperature (T_g); melting temperature (T_m); and the maximum crystallization temperature (T_cry) were measured. The load-carrying capacity, burst strength, stress cracking, and regional material distribution tests were carried out on the bottles. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and ultraviolet transmittance analyses were conducted to explain the changes in mechanical, chemical, physical properties, and light transmission of bottles. It was found out that the COOH amount increased and the AA content decreased with increasing nHAp amount. On the other hand, no change was observed in the amounts of DEG and IPA. Although the mechanical properties such as load-carrying capacity and burst strength of the bottles have improved, it has been determined that the standard environmental stress crack resistance test procedure cannot be applied to such a composite. Experimental findings indicate that nHAp disrupts the chemical structure of PET and it isolates harmful chemicals such as AA by forming intermolecular bonds. Moreover, with the addition of up to 0.8% nHAp, PET bottles block the light transmission approximately 80% within 400–700 nm wave length zone. The study demonstrates that the PET/nHAp composite bottles can be used in the food industry, particularly in the packaging of milk and milk products which are vulnerable to light exposure.     

Discovery of an Allosteric Ligand Binding Site in SMYD3 Lysine Methyltransferase

SMYD3 is a multifunctional epigenetic enzyme with lysine methyltransferase activity and various interaction partners. It is implicated in the pathophysiology of cancers but with an unclear mechanism. To discover tool compounds for clarifying its biochemistry and potential as a therapeutic target, a set of drug-like compounds was screened in a biosensor-based competition assay. Diperodon was identified as an allosteric ligand; its R and S enantiomers were isolated, and their affinities to SMYD3 were determined (K_D=42 and 84 μM, respectively). Co-crystallization revealed that both enantiomers bind to a previously unidentified allosteric site in the C-terminal protein binding domain, consistent with its weak inhibitory effect. No competition between diperodon and HSP90 (a known SMYD3 interaction partner) was observed although SMYD3–HSP90 binding was confirmed (K_D=13 μM). Diperodon clearly represents a novel starting point for the design of tool compounds interacting with a druggable allosteric site, suitable for the exploration of noncatalytic SMYD3 functions and therapeutics with new mechanisms of action.     

Improvements of the structural,thermal, and mechanical properties of structural adhesive with functionalized boron nitride nanoparticles

Investigations on the production and development of nanoparticle-reinforced polymer materials have been attracted attention by researchers. Various nanoparticles have been used to improve the mechanical, chemical, thermal, and physical properties of polymer matrix composites. Boron compounds come to the fore to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers. In this study, mechanical, thermal, and structural properties of structural adhesive have been examined by adding nano hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) to epoxy matrix at different percentages (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%). For this purpose, nano h-BN particles were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to disperse the h-BN nanoparticles homogeneously in epoxy matrix and to form a strong bond at the matrix interface. Two-component structural epoxy adhesive was modified by using functionalized h-BN nanoparticles. The structural and thermal properties of the modified adhesives were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the adhesives. When the results obtained from analysis were examined, it was seen that the nano h-BN particles functionalized with APTES were homogeneously dispersed in the epoxy matrix and formed a strong bond. In addition that, it was concluded from the experimental results that the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives were improved by adding functionalized nano h-BN particles into epoxy at different ratios.     

Structural,thermal, and mechanical properties of silanized boron carbide doped epoxy nanocomposites

In the presented study, the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by doping silanized hexagonal boron carbide (h-B₄C) nanoparticles in varying proportions (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) into the epoxy resin by weight. For this purpose, the surfaces of h-B₄C nanoparticles were silanized by using 3-(glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPS) to improve adhesion between h-B₄C nanoparticles and epoxy matrix. Then, the silanized nanoparticles were added to the resin by ultrasonication and mechanical stirring techniques to produce nanocomposites. The bond structure differences of silanized B₄C nanoparticles (s-B₄C) and nanoparticle doped composites were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) technique was used to examine the distribution of nanoparticles in the modified nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis techniques were used to determine the thermal properties of the neat and s-B₄C doped nanocomposites. The tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed to determine the mechanical properties. When the experimental results were examined, changes in the bonding structure of the s-B₄C nanoparticles doped nanocomposites and significant improvements in the mechanical and thermal properties were observed. The optimum doping ratio was determined as 2% by weight. At this doping ratio, the T_g, tensile strength and storage modulus increased approximately 18%, 35%, and 44% compared to the neat composite, respectively.     

On the pitting corrosion resistance of nitrogen alloyed cold worked austenitic stainless steels

Pitting corrosion studies were carried out on cold worked (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40%) nitrogen-bearing (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.22% N) type 316L austenitic stainless steels in neutral chloride medium. Potentiodynamic anodic polarisation study revealed that cold working up to 20% enhanced the pitting resistance, and thereafter a sudden decrease in pitting resistance was noticed at 30% and 40% cold working. Increase in nitrogen content was beneficial up to 20% cold work in improving the pitting corrosion resistance, beyond which it had a detrimental effect at 30% and 40% cold working. The role of nitrogen in influencing the deformation band width and dislocation configuration is explained based on the results of transmission electron microscopy investigations. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the pitted specimens indicated decreasing size and increasing density of pits, along the deformation bands with increasing nitrogen for 40% cold worked specimens. The macrohardness values increased as the cold working increased from 0% to 40%. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the increased peak broadening of austenite peak {0 2 2} with increase in cold working. The relationship between pitting corrosion and deformation structures with respect to nitrogen addition and cold working is discussed.