Overview of Physical and Chemical,Operational Properties of Nitrous Oxide Used as a Propellant for Low-thrust Rocket Engines

The results of a system analysis of the efficiency of nitrous oxide(N_2O) as a propellant component for small space vehicles(SSV) were presented. A criterion for mass efficiency of the SSV propulsion system(PS) is determined. The current global state-of-the-art of SSV PSs is shown. The application field of nitrous oxide in SSV PSs is calculated and mass efficiency of N_2O application is quantitatively determined. An overview of physical and chemical as well as operational properties of nitrous oxide as a promising, non-toxic component of rocket propellant is provided. Main physical and chemical constants of gaseous and liquid nitrous oxide; chemical properties of N_2O, thermal stability of N_2O, catalytic decomposition of N_2O, a mechanism of decomposition of N_2O, catalysts for decomposition of N_2O, ballast additives to N_2O, application of nitrous oxide, nitrous oxide as a rocket propellant, production of nitrous oxide, toxicity of nitrous oxide, fire hazard of N_2O, requirements to equipment when handling N_2O; storage and transportation of N_2O are considered. It is demonstrated that nitrous oxide is a chemical compound meeting the requirements to rocket propellants, including those related to the environmental friendliness of propellants. With 75 references.     

吸湿凉爽机织物的结构设计与性能

为研究织物组织结构与复合纱线线密度对织物凉爽性能的影响,将线密度为7.4和9.8 tex涤纶分别与线密度为7.8 tex锦纶反向加捻、并线后作为纬纱,以8.3 tex涤纶/竹浆纤维50/50混纺纱作经纱,设计平纹、二上一下斜纹和透孔组织织物.测试织物的瞬间接触凉感、热湿舒适性能及织物干、湿态升温曲线,并采用凉爽温度指数对织物的综合凉爽性能进行评价.研究结果表明:6种设计织物的瞬间接触凉感均高于标准,且平纹织物最好,纬纱粗细对瞬间接触凉感影响不显著;透孔织物透气性最好,且在人体出汗的状态下具有较好的导湿散热性能.平纹织物凉爽温度指数最高,最大凉爽温度为2.8℃,综合凉爽性能最好.     

Bedeutung der Sand- und Kiesindustrie in Europa

Mineral resources are fundamental to human well being and the development of the European society. Of particular importance are the construction minerals, namely sand and gravel, which are the basis of infrastructure development. More than 3 billion tonnes of sand, gravel (and crushed stone) are produced annually to meet the demands of the European building industry. Mineral extraction in Europe has become more difficult over the years due to increasing concerns for the environment and the lack of appreciation of the importance of the extractive industries for economic development. The challenge for sustainability is to find a balance between securing minerals supply, protecting the environment and achieving social progress.     

Formation of new functional materials and device heterostructures on the basis of nanosystems of superionic conductors

Search for conditions of conservation of fast ionic transport (FIT) in nanosystems of advanced superionic conductors (ASIC)[1-4] and synthesis of new types of device thin-film heterostructures on this basis is a fundamental scientific problem. ASICs (α-AgI, solid electrolytes of the family RbAg4I5, etc. ) are crystals with a record high level of ionic conductivity and a low value of activation energy E～0. 1 eV.     

应用泡沫浮选萃取法从排放水中回收钼

根据实验室的试验结果，推荐应用浮选萃取联合工艺从水溶液中回收Mo(Ⅵ）。这一工艺包括制取以钼酸铵形式的商品，和对所有的有机试剂作再生处理。萃取Mo(Ⅵ）的准备系统，应包括在反萃取胺和用NaOH使水溶液碱化到pH=12以后，通过添加水溶液以使煤油、壬醇和AHII捕收剂按规定的比例进行混合等作业。对在萃取器中获得的混合液进行相分离后，有机溶液可用作泡沫浮选萃取Mo(Ⅵ）的萃取剂，而水溶液则加入到原始溶液中。     

Zu Fragen der Ausbildung und Weiterbildung im österreichischen Bergbau

Training and continuous education is today for the management of a mineral producing operation more important than ever before. The focus of education today in the field of mineral producing industry has not only to be dedicated versus the needs of the industry but also versus the importance of the ever increasing need of societal acceptance of industrial operations. Therefore it is expected that graduates from mining schools not only have a good knowledge of technical and economical subjects but also a good background for the realisation of environmental and safety targets for the people at work and in the neighbourhood of an operation. A strong request to the education and training at university level is therefore not only to deliver a broad knowledge but also the formation of a basis which allows to obtain authority for functions as “safety expert”, “Mine rescuer”, “waste disposal expert” and others. In the text the contents of the BSc study program “Natural resources” are reviewed and the training and education for a “Natural Resources Manager” together with the required continuous education is discussed.     

Rheological Properties and Characteristics of Hydraulic Transportation and Heat-Mass Exchange of Coal-Water Fuels

The procedure is proposed for calculating the characteristics of flow and heat exchange of coal-water fuels as applied to the pipeline hydraulic transport and heat-mass exchange in the apparatus of ecologically clean combustion in the objects of power engineering.