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81.
The automated fare collection(AFC) system,also known as the transit smart card(SC) system,has gained more and more popularity among transit agencies worldwide.Compared with the conventional manual fare collection system,an AFC system has its inherent advantages in low labor cost and high efficiency for fare collection and transaction data archival.Although it is possible to collect highly valuable data from transit SC transactions,substantial efforts and methodologies are needed for extracting such data because most AFC systems are not initially designed for data collection.This is true especially for the Beijing AFC system,where a passenger’s boarding stop(origin) on a flat-rate bus is not recorded on the check-in scan.To extract passengers’ origin data from recorded SC transaction information,a Markov chain based Bayesian decision tree algorithm is developed in this study.Using the time invariance property of the Markov chain,the algorithm is further optimized and simplified to have a linear computational complexity.This algorithm is verified with transit vehicles equipped with global positioning system(GPS) data loggers.Our verification results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is effective in extracting transit passengers’ origin information from SC transactions with a relatively high accuracy.Such transit origin data are highly valuable for transit system planning and route optimization. 相似文献
82.
Simulation is capable to cope with the uncertain and dynamic nature of industrial value chains. However, in-depth system expertise is inevitable for mapping objects and constraints from the real world to a virtual model. This knowledge-intensity leads to long development times of respective projects, which contradicts the need for timely decision support. Since more and more companies use industrial knowledge graphs and ontologies to foster their knowledge management, this paper proposes a framework on how to efficiently derive a simulation model from such semantic knowledge bases. As part of the approach, a novel Simulation Ontology provides a standardized meta-model for hybrid simulations. Its instantiation enables the user to come up with a fully parameterized formal simulation model. Newly developed Mapping Rules facilitate this process by providing guidance on how to turn knowledge from existing ontologies, which describe the system to be simulated, into instances of the Simulation Ontology. The framework is completed by a parsing procedure for an automated transformation of this conceptual model into an executable one. This novel modeling approach makes model development more efficient by reducing its complexity. It is validated in a use case implementation from semiconductor manufacturing, where cross-domain knowledge was required in order to model and simulate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on a global supply chain network. 相似文献
83.
84.
J.H. Trienekens P.M. WognumA.J.M. Beulens J.G.A.J. van der Vorst 《Advanced Engineering Informatics》2012,26(1):55-65
Food supply chains are increasingly complex and dynamic due to (i) increasing product proliferation to serve ever diversifying and globalising markets as a form of mass customisation with resulting global flows of raw materials, ingredients and products, and (ii) the need to satisfy changing and variable consumer and governmental demands with respect to food safety, animal welfare, and environmental impact. Transparency in the food supply chain is essential to guarantee food quality and provenance to all users of food and food products. Intensified information exchange and integrated information systems involving all chain actors are needed to achieve transparency with respect to a multitude of food properties.In this paper, specific challenges of food supply chains are highlighted. Major elements are addressed that support transparency to consumers, the government and food companies, which are considered the claimants of transparency. Elements considered to be enablers of transparency are governance mechanisms, quality and safety standards and information exchange. The paper specifies these transparency claimants and enablers for food supply chains and identifies major information system functions and information technology applications needed to comply with transparency demands. It thereby provides a framework for transparency analysis in food supply chains. 相似文献
85.
A multifunctional thiophene-based covalent triazine framework (TTPATTh) with triphenylamine as core is synthesized by Friedel–Crafts reaction of cyanuric chloride with thienyl derivative for the first time. The yield of TTPATTh (99.59%) is far higher than that of the carbazole-based CTF (TTPATCz, 47.03%). TTPATTh and TTPATCz possess high BET surface areas with 1235 and 2501 m2 g–1 as well as high pore volumes with 1.60 and 2.23 cm3 g–1, respectively. TTPATTh and TTPATCz have high thermal stability with high thermal decomposition temperatures of 514 and 598 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. With the introduction of triazine rings, the fluorescence sensing sensitivities of TTPATTh and TTPATCz to picric acid and iodine are improved significantly. Especially for TTPATTh, the Ksv values reach 5.95 × 105 and 1.61 × 104 L mol–1, and LODs reach 1.02 × 10–12 and 1.86 × 10–12 mol L–1. To the best of the knowledge, this is the most sensitive value among thiophene-based porous organic polymers to PA and I2. Furthermore, TTPATTh and TTPATCz can also adsorb iodine in vapor phase, cyclohexane solution and aqueous solution, and release iodine by heating or in ethanol solution. The efficiency of controlling the release of iodine is higher than that in ethanol. 相似文献
86.
E. Q. Xie W. W. Wang N. Jiang D. Y. He Department of Physics Lanzhou University Lanzhou China 《金属学报(英文版)》2002,15(2):221-226
1. IntroductionThe transition metal silicides have attraeted much attention because of their potentialapplicatiOIl in very large scale integration (VLSI) de.ice[1]. Near-noble metal silicides canbe used as Schottky al1d ohn1ic col1tacts in silicon-based d… 相似文献
87.
88.
GRAPHICAL PROCEDURE FOR REACTIVE DISTILLATION SYSTEMS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper we analyze a ternary reactive distillation system, where an equilibrium chemical reaction occurs in the liquid phase. By using a set of transformed variables proposed by Barbosa el al. (1988b) and well known graphical procedures for non-reactive systems; the minimum reflux ratio, minimum number of equilibrium stages, mass and energy balances for a reactive column and flash can be easily obtained. The procedures developed in this paper are applied to ISOBUTYLENE-METHANOL-MTBE system.
The main objective in developing this model is to obtain, as much as possible, rigorous information for the analysis of one reactive distillation column in a Process Simulator with capability of handling this type of new operation. 相似文献
The main objective in developing this model is to obtain, as much as possible, rigorous information for the analysis of one reactive distillation column in a Process Simulator with capability of handling this type of new operation. 相似文献
89.
Nickel electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition in electrolytes of various anionic compositions. The deposition conditions and bath types were evaluated with special emphasis on the electrocatalytic properties for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Electrochemical characterizations in a 5 mol/L KOH solution at 25°C showed that the electrode deposited from the chloride bath, having a low Tafel slope of 50 mV/dec and an overpotential of 396 mV at 100 mA/cm2, is the most catalytically active among electrodes prepared in electrolytes of various anionic compositions. The electrode activity for the OER is related to the real surface areas, which depend on the anion compositions in the deposition bath and the deposition conditions. 相似文献
90.