新疆焉耆盆地产区4种甜白葡萄酒中挥发性香气成分分析

为了研究焉耆盆地产区甜白葡萄酒的挥发性香气成分,延伸该产区甜白葡萄酒的产业链,该实验采用顶空固相微萃取（HSSPME）结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱（GC×GC-TOFMS）检测了新疆焉耆盆地产区的4种甜白葡萄酒中的香气成分,并对分析结果进行主成分分析（PCA）。结果表明,新疆焉耆盆地产区4种甜白葡萄酒中共检测出103种香气成分,其种类相似,但含量有差别,酯类和醇类物质总含量在各样品中均占80%以上。通过PCA初步确定了焉耆盆地产区4种甜白葡萄酒中各自的特征香气化合物,且4种甜白葡萄酒挥发性香气成分之间的得分关联度较小,构成了甜白葡萄酒独特的风味特征。     

甜橙果肉粉对橙油风味物质的吸附性能研究

为探究柑橘果肉在风味吸附方面的机制,测定了甜橙果肉粉的成分构成、氮气吸附-脱附等温线,采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）观察了其微观结构,采用气相色谱-质谱法（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS）测试分析了其对橙油风味物质的吸附性能。成分分析结果表明甜橙果肉粉主要由膳食纤维（51.87%±3.12%）、蛋白质（20.47%±0.58%）、脂肪（11.33%±1.60%）、淀粉（4.06%±0.59%）构成。SEM观察结果及氮气吸附-脱附等温线分析结果表明,甜橙果肉粉复合物中存在丰富的褶皱和缝隙等不规则结构,比表面积达2.98 m2/g。GC-MS测试分析结果表明,甜橙果肉粉对橙油典型香气成分例如柠檬烯、γ-萜品烯、β-月桂烯、β-水芹烯、芳樟醇、辛醛、壬醛等有明显的吸附作用,尤其与直链脂肪醛、含氧萜类衍生物的相互作用较明显,而对α-蒎烯、桧烯等双环单萜类成分的吸附作用相对较弱。综上,甜橙果肉粉中各组成成分交联而成的褶皱和缝隙结构是其发挥风味吸附作用的重要基础,研究结果可为进一步开发利用甜橙果肉提供参考。     

不同乳酸菌发酵对甘薯淀粉加工浆液营养功能成分及感官特性的影响

选用植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum,Lp）、保加利亚乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus,Lb）、嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus,St）、戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosus,Pp）、干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei,Lc）及商业Lp（SZ）分别对甘薯淀粉加工浆液进行发酵,比较不同乳酸菌发酵对甘薯淀粉加工浆液营养功能成分（蛋白质、灰分、可溶性膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维、总膳食纤维、总酸、总糖、乳酸、短链脂肪酸、总酚、游离氨基酸）及感官特性（电子鼻、电子舌、气相色谱-质谱、感官评价）的影响。结果表明：6 种乳酸菌发酵后,浆液中蛋白质、糖类、可溶性膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维及总膳食纤维含量显著下降;不同乳酸菌均表现出良好的发酵性能,发酵后浆液pH值从6.62下降到3.67～3.88,总酸质量浓度由0.29 g/100 mL提高至2.69～3.67 g/100 mL,且乳酸及短链脂肪酸含量显著上升;Lb和Lc发酵显著提高了浆液中总酚含量,分别提升了18.44%和17.78%;在发酵液中共检出16 种游离氨基酸,其中必需游离氨基酸含量显著上升;气相色谱-质谱结果表明,乳酸菌发酵可有效提升甘薯淀粉加工浆液中风味物质的种类和含量,改善其风味和口感,其中Pp、St和SZ发酵浆液的总体感官品质最好。上述研究结果可为乳酸菌发酵应用于甘薯淀粉加工浆液制备饮料的研发奠定理论支撑。     

Anthocyanin-fortified konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate composite edible boba: characteristics of texture,microstructure, in vitro release behaviour and antioxidant capacity

Konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate composite edible boba (KGM/SA-boba) with good taste is very popular in China, and it is an outstanding carrier for health potential ingredients. In this work, KGM/SA-boba were fortified with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00% purple sweet potato anthocyanin (PSPA), then characterised by the water distribution, texture, microstructure, in vitro release property of PSPA and antioxidant capacity. LF-NMR analysis demonstrated that the free water of KGM/SA-boba could transfer to tightly bound water with the addition of PSPA that made it with better water-binding ability, higher springiness and lower hardness. And the results of SEM and rheology showed that PSPA could stabilise the microstructure of KGM/SA-boba by forming more amorphous regions and hydrogen bonds proved by the results of DSC and FT-IR. Furthermore, 50% of PSPA in PSPA-fortified KGM/SA-boba can be released at the first hour in a simulated gastrointestinal environment. And the scavenging capacity of DPPH and ABTS of the PSPA-fortified KGM/SA-boba after digestion was higher than that of PSPA alone. Generally, PSPA could improve the texture while KGM/SA-boba in turn would make PSPA more stable in the gastrointestinal digestive system.     

Volatile and non-volatile compound profiles of commercial sweet pickled mango and its correlation with consumer preference

Sweet pickled mango named Ma-Muang Bao Chae-Im is a traditional preserved mango from Hat Yai, Thailand. This study investigated (I) volatile and non-volatile compound profiles of commercial Ma-Muang Bao Chae-Im and (II) their relationship to consumer preference. Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed by gas chromatography-mass quadrupole-time of flight analysis. There were 117 volatile and 44 non-volatile compounds annotated in six commercial brands of Ma-Muang Bao Chae-Im. Furthermore, 46 volatile and 19 non-volatile compounds’ discriminant markers were found by Partial least square discriminant analysis. Among those markers, sorbic and benzoic acid were observed in several brands; moreover, the combination of both compounds altered the volatile profile, especially the ester group. Partial least square regression revealed that overall consumer liking is correlated to 1-heptanol; 1-octanol; acetoin; acetic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester; D-manitol; terpenes and terpenoids, while firmness to sucrose and L-(-)-sorbofuranose. On the other hand, most ester compounds were not related to consumer preference.     

响应面法优化低脂甘薯脆片加工工艺

以红心甘薯为原料,优化低脂甘薯片生产过程中漂烫、热风干燥、油炸等关键工艺参数,以产品含油率和色差(L*值和b*值)为评价指标,并通过响应面优化确定最优的低脂甘薯片生产工艺.结果表明,较优漂烫工艺条件为:漂烫温度70℃,漂烫时间7 min;较优的热风干燥工艺条件为:热风干燥温度70℃,热风干燥时间40 min;最优油炸工...     

甘薯渣纤维素粒度对去势大鼠血脂降低效果的影响

目的：探讨纤维素粒度对其降血脂效果的影响。方法：选用40 只雌性SD大鼠随机分组为5 组,其中1 组大鼠进行伪切除手术作对照,另外4 组大鼠做双侧卵巢切除手术,基础饲料喂养恢复1周后,分为空白组、普通纤维素组、超微纤维素组和纳米纤维素组,实验期28 d后解剖,测定血浆和肝脏中脂质指标。体外检测3 种粒度纤维素的消化性和吸附性能。结果：3 种粒度纤维素对油脂、胆固醇和胆酸钠都有较强吸附,对油脂和胆酸钠的吸附能力随纤维素粒度减少而增加。3 种纤维素均降低双侧卵巢切除大鼠血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度和动脉硬化指数值以及肝脏中总脂肪、甘油三酯的浓度。纤维素粒度与双侧卵巢切除大鼠血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度呈正相关性。结论：减小纤维素粒度有利于增加纤维素对油脂和胆酸盐的吸附能力,提高纤维素降低双侧卵巢切除大鼠血脂的效果。     

紫薯戚风蛋糕制作的工艺优化

采用紫薯粉代替等量的低筋面粉,研究制作紫薯戚风蛋糕,考察紫薯粉、沙拉油、奶、白糖、鸡蛋和泡打粉等单因素对戚风蛋糕的影响,进而选取4个影响较大的因素,通过正交试验,确定了紫薯戚风蛋糕的最佳原料配比:采用75g的紫薯粉代替等量的面粉,加入60g的色拉油,蛋白中加入100g细砂糖,600g鲜鸡蛋。     

小芒森甜白葡萄酒质量指标分析

以龙眼、贵人香、雷司令和玫瑰香甜白葡萄酒为参照对象,采用气相色谱、液相色谱及感官品评等技术分析小芒森甜白葡萄酒质量指标的特点。结果表明,小芒森葡萄酒中的2-甲基-1-丁醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、乙酸乙酯、丁二酸二乙酯、咖啡酰酒石酸含量高于其他类型的甜白葡萄酒;咖啡酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、对位香豆酸和对羟基苯甲酸在小芒森甜白葡萄酒中的含量也相对偏高,上述成分是影响小芒森甜白葡萄酒风味的关键性指标。感官品评结果表明,在色泽和香气方面,小芒森甜白葡萄酒明显优于其他几种类型的甜白葡萄酒,很可能与其含量较高的酸类、醇类和酯类等成分有关。     

紫薯花青素提取条件优化及淀粉等产物的制备

以‘紫罗兰’紫薯为原料,研究同步提取紫薯花青素以及制备紫薯淀粉、纤维素和紫薯蛋白的工艺及参数。紫薯与酸乙醇（pH 2）混合破碎、过滤、沉淀分离淀粉;将滤渣和分离淀粉后上清液混合,用微波辅助法提取花青素并优化提取条件;花青素提取液沉淀分离紫薯蛋白;提取花青素的滤渣制备紫薯纤维素。结果表明：微波辅助提取紫薯中花青素的最佳工艺条件为微波时间4 min、微波温度52 ℃、料液比1∶22.40（g/mL）、乙醇体积分数62%（pH 2）,在此条件下紫薯花青素的提取率（93.64±0.69）%、粗提物中花青素含量（9.58±0.20） mg/g。制备的紫薯淀粉质量分数（95.77±0.41）%、得率（占总淀粉质量分数）（73.06±1.03）%;滤渣粉中纤维素含量（117.11±2.69） mg/g;制备的紫薯蛋白中蛋白质含量（524.78±24.84） mg/g。该制备方法能够提高紫薯的利用率,降低生产成本。