Investigation of thermal residual stresses during laser ablation of tantalum carbide coated graphite substrates using micro-Raman spectroscopy and COMSOL multiphysics

Laser ablation of high-temperature ceramic coatings results in thermal residual stresses due to which the coatings fail by cracking and debonding. Hence, the measurement of such residual stresses during laser ablation process holds utmost importance from the view of performance of coatings in extreme conditions. The present research aims at investigating the effect of laser parameters such as laser pulse energy, scanning speed and line spacing on thermal residual stresses induced in tantalum carbide-coated graphite substrates. Residual stresses were measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy and correlated with Raman peak shifts. Transient thermal analysis was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics to model the single ablated track and residual stresses were reported at low, moderate and high pulse energy regimes. The results showed that the initial laser conditions caused higher tensile residual stresses. Moderate pulse energy regime comprised higher compressive residual stresses due to off centre overlapping of the laser pulses. Higher pulse energy (250 μJ), higher scanning speed (1000 mm/s) and moderate line spacing (20 μm) caused accumulation of tensile residual stresses during the final stage of laser ablation. The deviation of experimental residual stresses from COMSOL numerical model was attributed to unaccounted additional stresses induced during thermal spraying process and deformation potentials in the numerical model.     

Multiphysics modeling and optimization of mechatronic multibody systems

Modeling mechatronic multibody systems requires the same type of methodology as for designing and prototyping mechatronic devices: a unified and integrated engineering approach. Various formulations are currently proposed to deal with multiphysics modeling, e.g., graph theories, equational approaches, co-simulation techniques. Recent works have pointed out their relative advantages and drawbacks, depending on the application to deal with: model size, model complexity, degree of coupling, frequency range, etc. This paper is the result of a close collaboration between three laboratories, and aims at showing that for “non-academic” mechatronic applications (i.e., issuing from real industrial issues), multibody dynamics formulations can be generalized to mechatronic systems, for the model generation as well as for the numerical analysis phases. Model portability being also an important aspect of the work, they must be easily interfaced with control design and optimization programs. A global “demonstrator”, based on an industrial case, is discussed: multiphysics modeling and mathematical optimization are carried out to illustrate the consistency and the efficiency of the proposed approaches.     

MEMS光纤法珀压力传感器的设计及解调方法实现

基于外界压力引起敏感膜片形变导致腔长变化来实现压力信号传感的原理,提出了一种MEMS光纤法珀压力传感器的设计,建立了传感器敏感膜片的挠度变化与膜厚、半径及施加压力的关系理论模型,并在此基础上进行了膜片的MATLAB二维数值仿真和Comsol Multiphysics三维数值仿真,并完成了FP压力敏感头的制作,进而设计了能够应用于光纤传感的解调方法,搭建了光纤传感的压力测试系统并进行了相关实验,利用所设计的解调方法对实验数据进行处理,进而对压力传感器的性能及特性进行了测试和验证。实验结果表明,传感器测试曲线线性度良好,与数值仿真结果基本一致,在100 kPa的量程范围内其灵敏度可达62.3 nm/kPa,温度敏感系数为0.023μm/℃,测量精度3.93%,且最小压强分辨率为1.29 kPa,证实了该MEMS光纤法珀压力传感系统具有一定的可行性。     

Development of an experimentally validated semi-empirical fully-coupled performance model of a PEM electrolysis cell with a 3-D structured porous transport layer

A semi-empirical non-isothermal model incorporating coupled momentum, heat and mass transport phenomena for predicting the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis cell operating without flow channels is presented. Model input parameters such as electro-kinetics properties and mean pore size of the porous transport layer (PTL) were determined by rotating disc electrode and capillary flow porometry, respectively. This is the first report of a semi-empirical fully coupled model which allows one to quantify and investigate the effect of the gas phase and bubble coverage on PEM cell performance up to very high current densities of about 5 A/cm². The mass transport effects are discussed in terms of the operating conditions, design parameters and the microstructure of the PTL. The results show that, the operating temperature and pressure, and the inlet water flowrate and thickness of the PTL are the critical parameters for mitigating mass transport limitation at high current densities. The model presented here can serve as a tool for further development and scale-up effort in the area of PEM water electrolysis, and provide insight during the design stage.     

软脆铌酸锂晶体磨削的实验仿真研究

针对铌酸锂晶片在磨削加工时经常发生断裂的问题,对晶片断裂的原因进行了理论分析,并从晶体学的角度分析发现断裂与实验采用的晶片晶体结构有关。提出了基于多物理场耦合软件COMSOL Multiphysics对铌酸锂晶片磨削加工仿真的方法,为模拟铌酸锂晶片磨削减薄过程,对比分析了7种不同厚度的铌酸锂晶片在磨削加工时的应力分布和变形情况,对有外加电载荷磨削加工情况也进行了耦合仿真。研究结果表明,未施加电场时铌酸锂晶片的变形量随着晶片减薄过程逐渐减小,当铌酸锂晶片减薄至80μm时,晶片的外围出现均匀分布的4个应力集中位置,容易导致晶片产生裂纹甚至破裂;铌酸锂晶片变形量因外加电载荷而减小,因此合理施加外电场能够有效减弱晶片的应力集中趋势。     

高压脉冲电场处理室多物理场仿真研究

高压脉冲电场杀菌技术是一种新型的高效非热杀菌技术。高压脉冲电场处理室是杀菌处理的关键部件,其结构形式决定了处理室内部电场分布、温度场分布、流场分布,并影响杀菌处理的效果,同时电场强度和温度分布影响被处理食品的口味。以不同结构共场杀菌处理室为研究对象,利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对共场杀菌处理室内部电场分布、温度场分布、流场分布对处理参数均匀性的影响进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,绝缘体无内嵌的处理室电场强度分布不均匀,对绝缘体倒椭圆角后的处理室可有效改善电场及流场分布,进而有效降低局部温升,改善处理效果。     

磁选机典型开放式磁路分析与仿真

开放式磁路是一种应用最早、广泛、成熟且仍不断创新的磁路形式,对该磁路的深入研究可为目标磁路设计、工艺流程优化及工程设备选型提供有益指导。借助于COMSOL Multiphysics软件,仿真并研究若干种典型的开放式磁路,并分析磁源、磁极深度、配比、辅助极、磁化方向等相关因素对磁路的影响,之后给出几种磁路下磁性颗粒的运动轨迹。     

基于ADμC812的芯片温度控制系统的研究

介绍了一种以PID增量算法为核心,以812为硬件基础的温度控制系统,并给出了硬件电路和软件设计的总体结构。采用模拟软件COMSOL Multiphysics3.2分析控制对象的温度分布能够使控制结果与实际要求更为符合,满足芯片培养细胞的需要。     

基于动态数据的端面摩擦热-力耦合分析

为了更加准确地探索端面摩擦过程中的温度分布情况,使用端面摩擦过程中的实时动态摩擦因数和红外探头实测温度作为边界条件,在多场耦合软件COMSOL Multiphysics中进行热-力直接耦合分析,并利用红外热像仪对计算结果进行检验。结果表明:实时边界条件与数值计算相结合的方法可以准确地模拟出端面摩擦瞬态温度场;摩擦副之间的转速、载荷、摩擦因数是影响温度场分布的主要因素。     

多因素耦合作用下缓冲材料对铀的长期阻滞效应数值模拟北大核心CSCD

近场环境条件下核素在缓冲材料中的迁移扩散受控于温度场、渗流场、膨胀应力场和化学吸附场的耦合作用,其对核素的阻滞特性将影响到核素随地下水向处置库围岩迁移并返回生物圈的能力,开展多因素耦合作用下缓冲材料对铀的长期阻滞效应研究,对地质处置库的长期安全性评价具有重要的意义。本研究基于混合物理论、连续介质理论、质量守恒、动量守恒、能量守恒及溶质扩散的Fick定律,推导出饱和缓冲材料中核素迁移扩散的热-水-力-化耦合控制方程,并借助于COMSOL Multiphysics软件的直接全耦合求解优势,以自主研制的缓冲材料长期阻滞性能Mock-up实验装置为几何模型,采用内置接口和添加热-水-力-化耦合控制方程中的耦合项作为源项相结合方式,实现了多物理场耦合作用下铀在饱和缓冲材料中迁移扩散行为的直接耦合分析,其长期阻滞特性数值模拟结果表明:初期阶段铀在缓冲材料中迁移扩散较缓慢,迁移距离随时间增幅在1 m左右;中后期阶段,随缓冲材料对铀的吸附容量逐渐趋于饱和后,其迁移距离较初期阶段增加更为明显,迁移距离随时间增幅为3 m左右。多因素耦合下核素在饱和缓冲材料中迁移扩散的热-水-力-化耦合控制方程构建、求解及长期阻滞性能模拟研究的方法,能够为我国高放废物深地质处置库地下实验室开展1∶1工程尺度的工程屏障设计与安全性能评价提供技术参考。