金针菇多糖对微冻大黄鱼及其鱼片品质变化的影响

为研究金针菇多糖（polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes，FVP）对微冻大黄鱼及鱼片在贮藏期间肌原纤维蛋白性质的变化及水分分布的影响，实验分别选用0.03、0.06、0.09 g/L FVP浸渍处理大黄鱼和鱼片，以无菌水处理为对照组，分析微冻贮藏期间样品的感官指标得分、总挥发性盐基氮含量、总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性、蛋白流变学性质以及水分迁移变化规律。结果表明：FVP可有效抑制整鱼总挥发性盐基氮含量上升和感官得分的下降；减缓整鱼及鱼片在微冻过程中总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性下降和水分流失；此外FVP还能够延缓大黄鱼因腐败而出现的蛋白凝胶能力减弱。在本实验选取的多糖浓度范围内，0.09 g/L FVP处理组保鲜效果较强。该研究结果可为FVP用于水产品贮运保鲜提供理论参考。     

Characteristic of polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes in vitro digestion under salivary,simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation by human gut microbiota

In this study, in vitro digestion and fermentation of Flammulina velutipes -derived polysaccharides (FVP) were investigated. It was found that FVP mainly consisted of 48.45% glucose, 15.40% mannose, 14.60% xylose, 11.80% fucose and 9.90% galactose. The -human saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal juices conditions did not break down the FVP. Based on in vitro fermentation tests, FVP modulated the composition of gut microbiota by elevating the amounts of Bifidobacteriaceae and Bacteroidaceae and reducing the numbers of genera Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae. Meanwhile, FVP affected the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids derived from gut microbiota.     

Biological Effects of Flammulina Velutipes Richin RE on Chinese Kunming Mice

ＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＦｌａｍｍｕｌｉｎａＶｅｌｕｔｉｐｅｓＲｉｃｈｉｎＲＥｏｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＫｕｎｍｉｎｇＭｉｃｅＬｉａｎｇＤｉｎｇｂａｎｇ（梁定邦）；ＣｕｉＤｅｆａｎｇ（崔德芳）；ＺｈａｎｇＪｉｎｔｏｎｇ（张金桐）（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍ...     

香菇多糖和金针菇多糖的提取及其抑菌活性

为了探索食用菌多糖在抗菌方面的开发和应用,采用菌丝体发酵法,制得金针菇和香菇胞外多糖,采用热水浸提结合微波预处理法,提取香菇菌柄多糖,并采用正交试验方法对提取工艺进行优化,然后采用滤纸片法测试金针菇胞外多糖、香菇胞外多糖和香菇菌柄多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌的抑制活性．结果表明：香菇菌柄多糖提取的最佳工艺为微波预处理3mm（处理过程中微波炉的功率为480w）、料液比为1：30（g：mL）、浸提时间为1．5h和浸提温度为96℃．在8．5mg／mL的浓度下,金针菇胞外多糖,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌均无抑制作用;在4．8mg／mL的浓度下,香菇胞外多糖和香菇菌柄多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌均有抑制活性．香菇胞外多糖,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为0．15、4．8、4．8mg／mL;香菇菌柄多糖,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为2．4、4．8、4．8mg／mL．不同浓度的香菇多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白球念球菌的抑制活性不同;香菇胞外多糖和香菇菌柄多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白球念球菌的抑制活性存在差异．     

不同品种金针菇特征挥发性物质的差异分析

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(solid phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,SPME-GC-MS)联用技术和电子鼻技术对金针菇5 个品种川金3号、川金11号、川金54号、L4和L7中的挥发性物质进行鉴定并定量分析,并结合主成分分...     

金针菇菇脚可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺研究

采用碱性提取法从金针菇菇脚中制备可溶性膳食纤维,通过对液料比、碱液浓度、提取温度、提取时间及提取次数进行单因素实验,利用正交实验设计确定了最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明:可溶性膳食纤维最佳提取工艺条件为,液料比30∶1mL/g、NaOH质量浓度0.5g/100mL、提取温度50℃、提取时间1h、提取次数2次,提取率为11.4%,所得膳食纤维的持水力为1.495g/g,溶胀性为55.55mL/g。     

金针菇UV诱变育种研究

目前金针菇栽培所用母种长势相对较弱.培养时间较长.文中采用市售金针菇驯化后的菌种,用紫外光照射方法对所得的金针菇菌丝体进行诱变试验,通过菌种选育可以确定,紫外照射60min获得了比原菌丝体生长能力旺盛的菌种,诱变菌种的斜面培养时间为7d～9d.     

发酵金针菇香肠的研究

采用正交设计方法,将液态深层发酵获得的金针菇菌丝体发酵液与传统香肠生产主要原料适当配比制作香肠,通过对组织形态、口感风味、香味、色泽等感官指标评定,得出最佳配方为金针菇发酵液添加量为25%,肥瘦比3∶7(100kg肉计),食盐2%,白糖1.5%及其他辅料。     

Effects of extraction solvents,cooking procedures and storage conditions on the contents of ergothioneine and phenolic compounds and antioxidative capacity of the cultivated mushroom Flammulina velutipes

Edible mushrooms contain considerable amounts of the potent natural antioxidant 2‐thiol‐l ‐histidine‐betaine (l ‐ergothioneine, ESH). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of extraction solvents, common cooking methods and storage conditions on the ESH content, total phenols (TPs) and antioxidant capacity of the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes fruiting body and its hot water extract that had been stored at different temperatures. Regarding cooking procedures, boiling in water resulted in the highest losses of antioxidant activity of both ESH and TPs. Most of the losses of ESH and TPs were detected in the cooking water. The ESH contents in the raw mushroom fruiting bodies significantly decreased after 8 days of refrigerated storage under both dark and fluorescent lighting conditions. However, the TP content in the raw mushroom stored under fluorescent lighting significantly increased during 10 days of refrigeration. In contrast, the ESH and TP contents as well as DPPH radical scavenging ability of the fruiting bodies remained unchanged for up to 15 days of frozen storage at ?18 °C. The same behaviour was obtained with the mushroom extract packed in plastic tubes. The correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and ESH contents was higher than that for TP compounds.     

金针菇多糖提取物对记忆障碍模型大鼠、小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的:研究金针菇多糖(Flammulina velutipes Polysaccharide,FVP)对氢溴酸东莨菪碱诱导的记忆获得障碍模型大鼠和小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法:分别以雄性SD大鼠和雄性KM小鼠为试验对象,均随机分为5组,即:正常对照组、模型组、脑复新组、FVP低剂量组和FVP高剂量组,每组10只。脑复新组(Pyritinol Hy-drochloride Tablets,80 mg/kg)、FVP低剂量组[250mg/(kg.d))]和FVP高剂量组[500mg/(kg.d))]试验前连续灌胃给药5 d,正常对照组及模型对照组分别给予等量的生理盐水。除正常对照组外,其它各试验组于第6日开始利用氢溴酸东莨菪碱(2 mg/kg)造模并做小鼠明暗箱和大鼠Morris水迷宫测试。结果:采用FVP高剂量治疗,可延长记忆障碍模型小鼠明箱停留时间,减少小鼠避暗错误次数以及记忆障碍模型大鼠的上台前总路程和潜伏期,试验结果与模型组相比具有显著性差异(P﹤0.05),治疗效果优于脑复新或与之相当。结论:金针菇多糖可有效改善氢溴酸东莨菪碱诱导的记忆障碍模型小鼠、大鼠的学习记忆能力,治疗效果优于脑复新或与之相当。