Biological Effects of Flammulina Velutipes Richin RE on Chinese Kunming Mice

ＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＦｌａｍｍｕｌｉｎａＶｅｌｕｔｉｐｅｓＲｉｃｈｉｎＲＥｏｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＫｕｎｍｉｎｇＭｉｃｅＬｉａｎｇＤｉｎｇｂａｎｇ（梁定邦）；ＣｕｉＤｅｆａｎｇ（崔德芳）；ＺｈａｎｇＪｉｎｔｏｎｇ（张金桐）（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍ...     

超声辅助提取金针菇中麦角甾醇及其HPLC测定方法

采用超声辅助提取方法,通过单因素实验和正交实验,对影响麦角甾醇提取效果的主要因素提取溶剂、提取时间、料液比和提取温度进行研究,并建立金针菇中麦角甾醇HPLC测定方法。结果表明,各因素对金针菇中麦角甾醇得率的影响程度依次为提取次数、料液比、提取温度和提取时间。最佳提取条件为无水乙醇超声提取2次,每次20 min,料液比1∶50,提取温度50℃,在该提取条件下,麦角甾醇得率高达2.28 mg·g^-1。麦角甾醇的线性范围为10.00¹00.00μg·m L^-1,相关系数为0.9998,平均回收率（n=9）为100.31%,RSD（n=9）为2.69%,分析周期11 min。该法与传统皂化回流提取相比,提取效率及重现性均较好。      

金针菇UV诱变育种研究

目前金针菇栽培所用母种长势相对较弱.培养时间较长.文中采用市售金针菇驯化后的菌种,用紫外光照射方法对所得的金针菇菌丝体进行诱变试验,通过菌种选育可以确定,紫外照射60min获得了比原菌丝体生长能力旺盛的菌种,诱变菌种的斜面培养时间为7d～9d.     

金针菇冻结规律及品质变化研究

研究了金针菇在不同低温条件下的冻结规律及品质变化,探讨了多酚氧化酶和感官品质等指标变化,实验表明,金针菇在-37℃以上的温度达不到速冻要求,金针菇适宜的冻结条件为-37～-40℃。     

金针菇多糖对微冻大黄鱼及其鱼片品质变化的影响

为研究金针菇多糖（polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes,FVP）对微冻大黄鱼及鱼片在贮藏期间肌原纤维蛋白性质的变化及水分分布的影响,实验分别选用0.03、0.06、0.09 g/L FVP浸渍处理大黄鱼和鱼片,以无菌水处理为对照组,分析微冻贮藏期间样品的感官指标得分、总挥发性盐基氮含量、总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性、蛋白流变学性质以及水分迁移变化规律。结果表明：FVP可有效抑制整鱼总挥发性盐基氮含量上升和感官得分的下降;减缓整鱼及鱼片在微冻过程中总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性下降和水分流失;此外FVP还能够延缓大黄鱼因腐败而出现的蛋白凝胶能力减弱。在本实验选取的多糖浓度范围内,0.09 g/L FVP处理组保鲜效果较强。该研究结果可为FVP用于水产品贮运保鲜提供理论参考。     

金针菇菌盖与菌柄的营养评价

对金针菇子实体和菌柄的营养成分即蛋白质、脂肪、水、多糖、粗纤维、灰分、干物质、总糖和氨基酸进行分析和评价,结果表明,金针菇含有丰富的营养成分,具有高蛋白、低脂肪的特点,这对金针菇的进一步开发利用提供实验数据。     

不同品种金针菇特征挥发性物质的差异分析

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(solid phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,SPME-GC-MS)联用技术和电子鼻技术对金针菇5 个品种川金3号、川金11号、川金54号、L4和L7中的挥发性物质进行鉴定并定量分析,并结合主成分分...     

金针菇菇脚可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺研究

采用碱性提取法从金针菇菇脚中制备可溶性膳食纤维,通过对液料比、碱液浓度、提取温度、提取时间及提取次数进行单因素实验,利用正交实验设计确定了最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明:可溶性膳食纤维最佳提取工艺条件为,液料比30∶1mL/g、NaOH质量浓度0.5g/100mL、提取温度50℃、提取时间1h、提取次数2次,提取率为11.4%,所得膳食纤维的持水力为1.495g/g,溶胀性为55.55mL/g。     

Characteristic of polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes in vitro digestion under salivary,simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation by human gut microbiota

In this study, in vitro digestion and fermentation of Flammulina velutipes -derived polysaccharides (FVP) were investigated. It was found that FVP mainly consisted of 48.45% glucose, 15.40% mannose, 14.60% xylose, 11.80% fucose and 9.90% galactose. The -human saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal juices conditions did not break down the FVP. Based on in vitro fermentation tests, FVP modulated the composition of gut microbiota by elevating the amounts of Bifidobacteriaceae and Bacteroidaceae and reducing the numbers of genera Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae. Meanwhile, FVP affected the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids derived from gut microbiota.     

Effects of extraction solvents,cooking procedures and storage conditions on the contents of ergothioneine and phenolic compounds and antioxidative capacity of the cultivated mushroom Flammulina velutipes

Edible mushrooms contain considerable amounts of the potent natural antioxidant 2‐thiol‐l ‐histidine‐betaine (l ‐ergothioneine, ESH). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of extraction solvents, common cooking methods and storage conditions on the ESH content, total phenols (TPs) and antioxidant capacity of the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes fruiting body and its hot water extract that had been stored at different temperatures. Regarding cooking procedures, boiling in water resulted in the highest losses of antioxidant activity of both ESH and TPs. Most of the losses of ESH and TPs were detected in the cooking water. The ESH contents in the raw mushroom fruiting bodies significantly decreased after 8 days of refrigerated storage under both dark and fluorescent lighting conditions. However, the TP content in the raw mushroom stored under fluorescent lighting significantly increased during 10 days of refrigeration. In contrast, the ESH and TP contents as well as DPPH radical scavenging ability of the fruiting bodies remained unchanged for up to 15 days of frozen storage at ?18 °C. The same behaviour was obtained with the mushroom extract packed in plastic tubes. The correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and ESH contents was higher than that for TP compounds.