无人机三维航迹规划方法研究

航迹规划算法是无人机关键技术之一,同时也是任务规划系统（Mission Planning System）核心之一。针对固定目标规划问题,提出一种voronoi图改进算法和动态稀疏A*算法融合的三维航迹规划方法。该方法针对固定威胁目标,通过改进voronoi图规划算法快速求解二维航迹路径,然后在该路径参考下,用动态稀疏A*算法求解符合无人机飞行动力学约束的三维航迹。试验表明,该算法比动态稀疏A*算法规划速度快,并保证了航迹最优性。     

三维分层航迹规划算法研究与仿真

针对传统A*算法在飞行器航迹规划过程中产生节点较多,搜索时间较长等缺点,提出了一种改进的A*算法.该算法采用分层思想,将局部规划与全局规划相结合,并对代价函数进行了改进,在保证航迹优化的基础上,提高了搜索效率.仿真结果表明,运用该算法能够规划出符合工程应用的飞行器航迹.     

救灾无人机的优化A*航迹规划算法

针对抢险救灾中无人机派遣量及空间航迹规划最短路径相制约的问题,提出了一种优化A*的航迹算法。通过设计的蛇形割圆法对圆形巡查区域进行路径规划,通过提取感兴趣区域的方法选择较佳搜索方向,提高搜索效率,采用加权评估法优化自然威胁权重系数,重定义航迹估计函数。将提出的方法在灾情巡查和生命勘测实际问题中进行性能检测。仿真结果表明,该算法能够合理分配无人机数量且能快速规划出较优飞行轨迹,实现巡查覆盖率达88.96%。     

无人机三维航路动态规划及导引控制研究

为研究无人机三维航路动态规划,提出了一种工程实用性强的A*三维航路优化算法,将无人机的机动性能、飞行航程、飞行高度等约束条件有效分割到解空间。为了加快搜索速度,引入启发式权重系数对搜索策略进行改进,利用加权值自适应方法对算法的评价函数进行设计,提高航迹点搜索效率,并设计了导引控制律,基于优化算法获取的航路,能够使无人机很好地跟随规划的最优路径,同时生成的期望控制指令充分考虑了无人机本身的机动性能以及实时性要求,解决了航迹规划与航迹跟踪之间的问题,最后进行了仿真验证,结果表明,该方法是可行和有效的,有着较高的优化效率;易于实现,工程实用性强。     

基于改进A*算法的无人机航迹规划

在无人机航迹规划问题的研究中,针对在执行飞行任务前,需要根据所经区域内已知的地形、地貌、障碍和威胁等信息以及飞机本身机动能力的限制计算出飞行航迹, 并根据规划出的航迹完成飞行任务.能准确识别起始点到目标航路,提出了一种基于改进A*算法的无人机航迹规划方法,将无人机自身的性能和飞行任务结合到A*算法中去,在节点的搜索过程中解决了A*算法大空间搜索耗时多的问题.通过简单的路径消减算法去除不必要的航迹点,使得规划出来的航迹能够最大程度上满足无人机的运动特性.仿真结果表明采用的方法计算速度快并且规划达到最优性能.     

支援干扰下战斗机突防段综合航迹规划

针对传统A*算法搜索空间以及收敛时间等方面的不足,首先提出了改进的A*算法;其次对战斗机突防段综合航迹规划影响因素进行分析,在此基础上建立了战斗机对地攻击突防段代价函数数学模型;然后对支援干扰下的雷达压制区进行研究,确定干扰机位置,由此条件构建支援干扰下战斗机突防段综合航迹规划模型;最后应用改进的A*算法进行战斗机突防段综合航迹规划。仿真实例表明,基于改进的A*算法可以有效地进行突防段的航迹规划,可以有效地减小航迹的代价,提高战斗机的突防概率,有利于我方战斗机成功突防。     

求解无人机航迹规划问题的精英引领自适应樽海鞘群算法

针对目前无人机航迹规划成本高、精度差和稳定性不足等问题,提出一种精英引领自适应樽海鞘群算法。首先,分别引入精英质心对立学习和精英引导惯性权重机制对樽海鞘领导者和跟随者更新方式进行改进,提升樽海鞘群算法的全局搜索能力和收敛速度,并设计种群个体角色自适应调整机制均衡算法的全局搜索和局部开发;然后建立无人机二维航迹空间模型和航迹成本模型,将航迹规划转换为多维函数优化问题,并利用精英引领自适应樽海鞘群算法求解无人机航迹规划问题,以综合考虑威胁成本和燃料成本的航迹目标函数评估个体位置适应度,对航迹规划最优方案迭代求解。在两个不同复杂性的威胁场景下进行的仿真实验结果表明,与人工势场(APF)、樽海鞘群算法(SSA)、人工蜂群算法(ABA)和改进樽海鞘群算法(ISSA)相比,所提算法的最优航迹平均成本分别可以降低78.68%、61.77%、42.76%和19.36%,验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于航迹可飞性改善的A*算法

针对利用传统A*算法规划航迹时可飞性不好的问题,提出了一种可改善航迹可飞性的改进A*算法。在算法中采用逆序A*算法,获得代价最小的初始航迹,结合迭代算法对影响航迹可飞性的航点进行处理,保证了航迹的可飞性最优。通过模拟飞机CGF的飞行环境,进行两次航迹规划试验,其结果表明该方法在改善航迹可飞性方面具有良好效果。     

基于稀疏A*搜索和改进人工势场的无人机动态航迹规划

针对不同属性的障碍物所构成的威胁分布模型, 本文提出了一种基于稀疏A*搜索算法预规划和改进人工势场相结合的无人机动态避障算法. 该算法首先对威胁分布建立栅格化模型; 然后根据静态威胁, 基于稀疏A*搜索算法进行全局航迹规划; 最后结合预规划路径和动态威胁分布, 利用改进人工势场法完成无人机的动态避障. 仿真结果表明, 该方法能够规划出给定威胁指标下的全局最优路径并达到良好的动态规避性能.     

基于改进蚁群算法的三维航迹规划

针对蚁群算法在无人机（UAV）三维航迹规划中存在的收敛速度慢、空间复杂度高的缺点,提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的无人机（UAV）三维航迹规划方法。该方法改进了局部搜索策略、初始信息素调整因子并在启发函数中加入了路径偏移因子,从而降低了航迹搜索空间的复杂度,提高了算法的搜索效率和收敛速度。在利用DEM数字高程数据建立的搜索空间中,该算法与现有算法相比,规划航迹缩短约24.08%,运行时间减少约11.56%,表明改进蚁群算法在无人机（UAV）三维航迹规划中的可行性和有效性。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Call for papers Special issue on Modeling and control technologies for civil,energy,and power systems

正The control of civil,energy,and power systems presents significant new challenges for modeling and control theory.The purpose of this special issue is to provide a forum for researchers and practical engineers to discuss the recent advances in modeling and control technology development for civil,energy,and power systems.Prospective authors are invited to submit their original contributions with the focus on theory or applications of modeling,control     

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正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate and promote academic exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists everywhere.