材料S-N、ε-N及da/dN-ΔK疲劳性能数据之间的内在联系

材料的S-N、ε-N及da/dN-ΔK疲劳性能数据分别是应力寿命法、局部应变法以及LEFM裂纹扩展法进行结构寿命分析的基础.文中根据几种疲劳寿命模型,探讨同一材料三种疲劳性能数据之间的内在联系及相互预测的可能性.具体内容包括,(1)用da/dN-ΔK性能数据预测S-N数据.(2)用ε-N性能数据预测S-N数据.(3)用ε-N性能数据推测da/dN-ΔK数据.研究结果表明,同种材料的S-N、ε-N及da/dN-ΔK疲劳性能数据之间是相互联系的,存在相互预测的可能性.     

T型焊接接头的低温P—da／dN—ΔK曲线

T型焊接接头是海洋工程中较为典型的结构细节，研究其低温P－da/dN-ΔK曲线，对确定焊接构件在冬季服役时的检修周期具有重要意义。在100吨MTS电液伺服材料试验机上进行了3件T型焊接接头的低温疲劳裂纹扩展试验，测出了其中值da/dN-ΔK曲线，通过样本试验的理论推导与计算，利用变异系数CV的经验取值，初步得出T型焊接接头的低温P－da/dN-ΔK曲线。     

确定疲劳裂纹扩展速率的积分法

针对疲劳裂纹扩展试验中采用传统的差分方法得到的da/dN-ΔK数据分散性较大的问题,提出了得到裂纹扩展速率的积分方法,并将两种方法与试验结果进行了比较,结果表明,积分方法得到的结果与试验结果符合得很好,得到的裂纹扩展速率更精确。     

弹塑性疲劳裂纹扩展行为的数值模拟

基于ABAQUS有限元软件建立内聚单元模型以研究I型弹塑性疲劳裂纹的扩展过程。利用UEL子程序定义内聚单元的疲劳损伤累积准则以识别疲劳裂纹扩展过程中裂纹尖端的位置,并预测裂纹扩展速率da/d N。结果发现,预测的裂纹扩展速率与已有的试验结果吻合良好。通过ABAQUS软件中的温度-位移耦合分析方法同步获取裂纹扩展过程中因塑性变形能引起的裂纹尖端瞬态温度场的变化。结果显示,疲劳损伤累积准则所识别的裂纹尖端位置与裂纹扩展时最大温升点的位置具有一致性。这说明疲劳裂纹扩展过程中温度信号的变化也可以用于裂纹扩展规律的研究。基于数值模拟的方法验证了疲劳裂纹扩展过程中裂纹尖端的温升信号ΔT与裂纹扩展速率da/d N、应力强度因子范围ΔK之间的幂函数关系。研究成果有望用于疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的快速预测。     

疲劳裂纹扩展速率da／dN与材料性能常数间关系的研究

在疲劳裂纹扩展公式基础上，结合理论导出的裂纹的扩展门槛值ΔＫｔｈ的关系式得出一个描述疲劳裂纹扩展速度ｄａ／ｄＮ与材料能常数间的关系，该关系式可用于预测在材料的疲劳裂纹扩展速度。     

硫化氢环境中低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

针对高强钢在硫化氢环境中腐蚀疲劳数据极为缺乏的现状,研究高压气瓶材料4130X在硫化氢腐蚀介质中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率.结合气瓶实际运行的环境和应力状态,应用改进型WOL(wedge-opening-loading)试样,在自行改造的专用低周腐蚀疲劳试验机上,完成0.006 7 Hz超低频率下饱和H_2S溶液、中等浓度H2S溶液和空气三种环境下的腐蚀疲劳试验,并用Paris公式进行两段式拟合,得出da/dN-ΔK的数学表达式.将试样微观断口的变化与宏观应力强度因子K的变化进行对比研究,给出不同环境中三个阶段K值的定量结果.结果表明:相同条件下,H_2S环境中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率比空气环境中大20倍以上;但当H_2S浓度达到一定范围后,对da/dN影响并不按比例增长,浓度相差11倍时,da/dN相差2.4倍,H_2S腐蚀介质的存在加速了疲劳破坏.     

低温环境下TC4ELI钛合金三维疲劳裂纹扩展模型

利用疲劳试验机及扫描电镜研究了不同温度(20,-20,-40,-60℃)下不同厚度(12.5,9.0,6.0,3.0 mm)TC4ELI钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,建立低温环境下该合金的三维疲劳裂纹扩展模型。结果表明：由于闭合效应,减小厚度或降低温度均会减缓试验合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,Paris二维公式中的材料参数C和n并非常数;而在三维疲劳裂纹扩展理论框架下,修正后的Paris三维公式中的材料参数C_eff和n_eff均为常数,建立的三维疲劳裂纹扩展模型可以对不同温度下不同厚度试验合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行归一化描述。     

“过载”在da/dN—ΔK曲线与ΔK_(th)降载法测量中的影响及其对策

对在 10 - 5～ 10 - 7mm cycle疲劳裂纹扩展曲线da dN—ΔK和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值ΔKth测量中常用的降载法进行研究。每一级载荷疲劳裂纹扩展二次 (Δa1i,ΔN1i)和 (Δa2i,ΔN2i)。用多点多项式分别拟合 (Δa1i,ΔN1i,ΔK1i)和(Δa2i,ΔN2i,ΔK2i) ,i=1,2 ,3 ,… ,n。每一种材料得到两条da dN—ΔK曲线和两个ΔKth。结果表明 ,降载法中的前一级载荷仍明显有过载作用 ,干扰材料疲劳裂纹扩展 ,影响测量数据的真实性。本文提出解决方法———“二次扩展法” ,即在每一级载荷 ,舍去受前一级载荷影响大的第一次循环数据 ,而用受前一级载荷影响较小的第二次循环数据作为疲劳裂纹扩展曲线da dN—ΔK和计算疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值ΔKth的数据     

近门槛区裂纹扩展曲面族的优化构建

描述裂纹扩展规律使用较广泛的是Paris公式,但对于接近裂纹扩展门槛值的数据点已不再适合用Paris公式。在本文中采用Donahue的三参数幂函数表达式描述da/dN-ΔK曲线。通过线性拟合相关系数的优化确定其中的3个系数,并得到拟合的裂纹扩展理论门槛值。采用弦截法进行优化求解,该方法具有收敛快、精度高的特点。根据裂纹扩展门槛值与应力比之间的关系,结合应力比对裂纹扩展速率影响的特点,提出了根据一组恒载下的裂纹扩展试验数据,构建变幅载荷下的P-R-da/dN-ΔK曲面族的方法,所构建的曲面族可为变幅和随机载荷作用下结构的疲劳断裂可靠性分析提供依据。     

三维应力状态下高温低周疲劳表面短裂纹实验研究及数值模拟

依据16MnR材料三维应力状态下高温低周疲劳表面短裂纹的实验分析结果，提出了一种表面随机分布短裂纹群体演化行为模型。模型考虑了材料细观组织、细观结构影响及裂纹之间的相互作用，并用该模型对16MnR材料表面疲劳短裂纹群体演化全过程进行了数值模拟分析，结果表明模拟结果与实验结果基本一致，该模型能有效地用于短裂纹的模拟。最后提出微观短裂纹萌生驱动力与扩展驱动力概念。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.